Many scholars have recognized the communicative and emotive power of singing as a ritual performance, and some have argued that hymn singing has played a significant role as a medium of cultural and religious communication and exchange. To better understand how and why singing might facilitate such exchange, this essay explores as a case study, the role of hymn singing in the cultural contact between the Cherokees and the missionaries at Brainerd, near Chattanooga, TN. By examining accounts of ritual singing recorded by both missionaries and Cherokees, the project illuminates how these communities, respectively, may have understood the role of singing in ritual practice. From these different perceptions of ritual singing, one can better understand how the Cherokees may have experienced resonances with the missionaries’ practices, which would encourage cultural assimilation and exchange. In turn, this study contributes to a larger conversation about music and religious expression.

In 1742, the settlement of Augusta was established as an outpost of English royalization on Roatán Island, Honduras. This military camp housed a mix of English soldiers, English colonists, and local indigenous Miskitu peoples. While the settlement was occupied for only a brief span of seven years, the material record of the community provides insight into Miskitu-English interactions during the royalization process. Royalization encompassed strategies deployed by the English Crown to bring about loyalty to the state. In this dissertation, I discuss the concept of royalization from an agent-centered perspective to consider the intentions behind the occupants' usage of objects and spaces in everyday practice. This interdisciplinary research integrates documentary evidence with the results of four field seasons of archaeological investigations, which have unearthed mixed deposits of English and Miskitu material culture. I contend that such deposits indicate that Augusta's occupants were participants in the royalization process, but that these strategies were not fluid or enforced. The royalization of Augusta was complicated by a number of factors including the settlement's distance from the Crown, its local environment, and the diversity of its occupants. By considering the historical and archaeological evidence, I contend that elements of English lifestyles were integrated into Miskitu identity, and that this integration reveals some of the ways in which the process of royalization was adapted to the unique social and natural landscape of the western Caribbean.

This study explores the nature of culture contact experience of the early historical polities in the Philippines. The historical analysis and the result of the archaeological excavation at Lubang Island allows us to reexamine the entanglements of local populations against the colonial culture and how these entanglements have been perceived, mediated, and even transformed by the actions of native peoples in the past. The present study offers an alternative model for culture contact studies and how to generate questions about human behavior and interaction in the past by using critical analysis of ethnohistorical documents, archaeological data, and anthropological theory.Under the general model of culture contact study and colonialism, the archaeological study focuses on the documentation and analysis of a collection of artifacts and faunal remains excavated from a settlement-fortification site, believed to have been occupied and used from the early A.D. 1200s to the late A.D.1800s.In this dissertation, I use historical data to examine the historical trajectory of local polities on Lubang Island and situate them in a particular context where native people's interactions with other groups define their everyday actions as reflected in the archaeological record. I develop an alternative model using an agency-based approach that focuses on the relationships linking human actors and their behavior in the past. Such a model allows us to rethink the history of Lubang Island and its people according to how they acted and defined themselves. Moreover, the issues of complexity in small-scale polities in the Philipppines need to be teased out in order to elucidate the different levels and scales of complexity in the various historical contexts of early polities in Island Southeast Asia. Only then can we truly understand the variables involved in social reproduction and the ways in which early Filipinos lived and encountered cross-cultural interaction in the past.

This study concerns an essential but, until recent years, little explored area of social work: environmental social work. The social work profession has long considered persons in their environment; however, use of the term environment has typically referred to social rather than nonhuman physical dimensions of space and place. It is common knowledge that we face today a number of serious environmental challenges, but less common is an understanding of how things came to be as they are. Why, for example, did things not develop differently? Why is our human-nonhuman relationship so strained? This research asserts human conceptualisations of the nonhuman other influence treatment of not only the nonhuman but also other human beings. Having an interdisciplinary focus involving social work, environmental studies and early Canadian history, Wendat and French conceptualisations of the nonhuman are explored through an ecofeminist framework in a culture-contact context to initiate consideration of, and in due course attending to, the uneasy intersection of the human and the nonhuman, social work and environmental issues, and current Aboriginal-non-Aboriginal relations. Through locating our environmental crisis within a historical context, it is possible to unsettle some contemporary assumptions about the human-nonhuman relationship, drawing attention to the fact that things could have been otherwise, that the environmental challenges experienced today were not inescapable. While there are certainly many ways to approach a history of our present environmental crisis, this investigation in the Canadian context involving a clearly defined case of culture contact between the Wendat and French in the early seventeenth century offers a variety of advantages deriving, in part, from the comparable but different complexities belonging to each group and the opportunity to explore two highly dissimilar cultural practices and belief systems from the time of initial contact. This study examines in detail how the two cultures understood and interacted with the nonhuman, and each other, through a forty-year period from 1609-1649. From this historical exploration of Wendat and French worldviews and land-use practices implications for social work are described and a model for place-based social work is generated.

Studies of European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere have shifted focus from areas of direct European/Native American contact, to investigate Native American groups outside of direct European contact. During Spanish colonization of the Southeastern United States (AD 1520 to AD 1715), the Big Bend region of the Ocmulgee River Valley, in Georgia, located about 160 kilometers from Spanish occupied coast, was inhabited by a Native American polity from the Late Prehistoric into the Mission period. This location is ideal for studying indirect contact. Changes in ceramic production can be used to identify changes in Native American interaction through time. Attributes from ceramics at five sites were recorded, totaling 3,231 sherds. Analysis demonstrates that richness of paste recipes and presence of ceremonial vessels declined, suggesting that regional gatherings declined. Design analysis suggests that interaction with a large variety of Native American groups from outside of the region declined, while interaction with coastal Native American groups in the purview of Spanish colonization increased. This demonstrates that changes to Native American society after European contact were not just the result of interaction with European traditions and technologies, but also the result of changing interaction with Native American groups.

No description available.

This study concerns an essential but, until recent years, little explored area of social work: environmental social work. The social work profession has long considered persons in their environment; however, use of the term environment has typically referred to social rather than nonhuman physical dimensions of space and place. It is common knowledge that we face today a number of serious environmental challenges, but less common is an understanding of how things came to be as they are. Why, for example, did things not develop differently? Why is our human-nonhuman relationship so strained? This research asserts human conceptualisations of the nonhuman other influence treatment of not only the nonhuman but also other human beings. Having an interdisciplinary focus involving social work, environmental studies and early Canadian history, Wendat and French conceptualisations of the nonhuman are explored through an ecofeminist framework in a culture-contact context to initiate consideration of, and in due course attending to, the uneasy intersection of the human and the nonhuman, social work and environmental issues, and current Aboriginal-non-Aboriginal relations. Through locating our environmental crisis within a historical context, it is possible to unsettle some contemporary assumptions about the human-nonhuman relationship, drawing attention to the fact that things could have been otherwise, that the environmental challenges experienced today were not inescapable. While there are certainly many ways to approach a history of our present environmental crisis, this investigation in the Canadian context involving a clearly defined case of culture contact between the Wendat and French in the early seventeenth century offers a variety of advantages deriving, in part, from the comparable but different complexities belonging to each group and the opportunity to explore two highly dissimilar cultural practices and belief systems from the time of initial contact. This study examines in detail how the two cultures understood and interacted with the nonhuman, and each other, through a forty-year period from 1609-1649. From this historical exploration of Wendat and French worldviews and land-use practices implications for social work are described and a model for place-based social work is generated.

Le Roussillon est un espace entre mer et montagne situé à la croisée des populations de l’extrême sud de la Gaule et du nord-est de l’Ibérie. Une approche globale du territoire et des dynamiques de peuplement est réalisée afin d’appréhender l’évolution, la diversité spatiale et qualitative des vestiges archéologiques dans le temps. Les données archéologiques disponibles sont revisitées à travers de nouvelles recherches de terrain (prospections, fouilles) afin de proposer une synthèse des connaissances. Ces données apportent des informations sur l’occupation et l’exploitation des ressources disponibles dans les espaces littoraux et dans les massifs pyrénéens. À l'aide des systèmes d'information géographique (base de données, SIG), l’analyse est menée en recherchant les articulations entre les ressources naturelles, les territoires d’habitats et les zones d’échanges économiques. Ces dynamiques sont confrontées à la réception et à la diffusion des céramiques d’importations issues des échanges avec le monde méditerranéen. Les flux commerciaux résultant d’études céramiques inédites permettent d’appréhender dans le temps les diversités culturelles et commerciales des populations et la nature des contacts de cultures. Les échanges et les relations entre Grecs, Ibères (principalement) et populations locales sont développés à travers 6 études de cas menées sur les agglomérations littorales (Ruscino, Elne), portuaires (Collioure) et d’arrière-pays (Teixonères, Escatiro). Enfin, l’étude d’un lieu de culte gréco-romain (la Fajouse) permet d’expérimenter une archéologie des cultes afin d’aborder les comportements rituels, le paysage religieux et humain d’un espace montagnard situé au cœur des circulations terrestres entre la Gaule et l’Ibérie. / The Roussillon is a place located between mountains and sea, at the crossroad of the extreme south Gaule and North-East Iberia. A global approach of this territory and its population dynamics is realized in this work to understand the evolution and the spatial and qualitative repartition of archaeological remains through the centuries. The available Archaeological data has been studied again through to the latest field investigation data (obtained by prospection and excavation) to present a report of this knowledge. This data brings information about people occupation and the use of available resources in coastal and mountain areas. Thanks to the geographical information system, the data analysis shows the connections between natural resources, occupied spaces and economical exchange areas. These dynamics are confronted with the reception and the diffusion of imported ceramics coming from the Mediterranean trade. Commercial flows resulting from the new ceramic studies allow to understand, during this period, the population’s commercial and cultural diversities and how were their relationships with other populations. Exchanges and relationships between Greek, Iberian and local populations are developed through 6 case studies on coastal (Ruscino, Elne), port (Collioure) and hinterland cities (Teixonères, Escatiro). Finally, the study of a Greco-Roman cult place (la Fajouse) gives the opportunity to experiment an archaeology of cults in order to approach ritual behaviors as well as human and religious landscape of a mountain area located at the crossroad of Gaul and Iberia axes.

xv, 397 p. : ill., map, ports. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT E99.C8742 W372 2001 / My dissertation, GROWING UP INDIAN: AN EMIC PERSPECTIVE describes the historical and contemporary experiences of the Coquille Indian Tribe and their close neighbors (as manifested in my oven family, in relation to their shared cultures, languages, and spiritual practices. I relate various tribal reactions to the tragedy of cultural genocide as experienced by those indigenous groups within the "Black Hole" of Southwest Oregon. My desire is to provide an "inside" (emic) perspective on the history and cultural changes of Southwest Oregon. I explain Native responses to living primarily in a non-Indian world, after the nearly total loss of aboriginal Coquelle culture and tribal identity through decimation by disease, warfare, extermination, and cultural genocide through the educational policies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Government, and over zealous Euro-Americans. After removal from their homelands, there was little opportunity for the remaining survivors to continue living in their traditional ways. Hence the adoption of living primarily by White man's standards and practices became standard for the Indians of southwest Oregon and their descendants. My resources have been, in part, the Southwest Oregon Research Project (SWORP) archives housed in Special Collections of the UO Knight Library, along with works of Harrington, Chase, Waterman, Frachtenberg, Jacobs, and others. Additional sources include some personal papers on the Coastal Land Claims work by my father, George B. Wasson Sr. (1916 to 1947), my childhood relationships with older relatives and tribal elders, and my own experience navigating both Native American and White worlds in the 20 th century. This dissertation includes both my previously published and co-authored materials, as well as previously unpublished essays. / Committee in charge: Dr. Jon M. Erlandson, Chair; Dr. C. Melvin Aikens; Dr. Madonna L. Moss; Dr. Rennard Strickland (outside member); Dr. Barre Toelken

This paper focuses on matters of interpretation of early culture contact between northern cultures and coeval southern coastalevidence in a historical perspective starting with Tello. Due to problems related to terminology and methodology combined with incomplete presentation of the data recovered from excavation these interpretations are often contradictory and unsatisfying. Recent field work in the Río Grande de Nazca valley serves to discuss problems related to chronology, culture contact and the forming of new interaction spheres. / En este trabajo, se presenta y se discute los diferentes enfoques interpretativos relacionados con las tempranas evidencias de cultura material en la costa sur, y sus comparaciones con aquellas del norte desde la formulación original de Tello. Estas propuestas llevaron a hipótesis variadas y, a menudo, poco convincentes, debido a problemas de terminología y de metodología. A ello se suma la escasa e incompleta presentación de contextos respectivos recuperados en excavaciones. Se enfatiza los resultados de trabajos recientes en el Río Grande de Nazca, con el afán de ajustar las cronologías regionales, así como el carácter de transiciones y la formación de esferas de interacción más amplias.