Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Politics, University of Adelaide, 1990. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 779-813).

The triple coordinates of youth, the Sixties and the Cuban Revolution interact to create a rich but relatively unexplored field of historical research. Previous studies of youth in Cuba have assumed a separation between young people and the Revolution, and either objectify young people as units that could be mobilized by the Revolution, or look at how young people deviated from the perceived dominant ideology of the Revolution. This study contends that, rather than being passive in the face of social and material change, young people in 1960s Cuba were active agents in that change, and played a role in defining what the Revolution was and could become. The model built here to understand young people in 1960s Cuba is based on identity theory, contending that youth identity was built at the point where young people experienced – and were responsible for forging – an emerging dominant culture of youth. The latter entered Cuban consciousness and became, over the course of the 1960s, a part of the dominant national-revolutionary identity. It was determined by three factors: firstly, leadership discourse, which laid out the view of what youth could, should or must be within the Revolution, and also helped to forge a direct relationship between the Revolution and young people; secondly, policy initiatives which linked all youth-related policy to education, therefore linking policy to the radical national tradition stemming from Martí; and thirdly, influence from outside Cuba and the ways in which external youth movements and youth cultures interplayed with Cuban culture. Through these three, youth was in the ascendancy, but, where young people challenged the positive picture of youth, moral panics ensued. Young people were neither inherent saints nor accidental sinners in Cuba in the 1960s, and sought multiple ways in which to express themselves. Firstly, they played their role as activists through the youth organisations, the AJR and the UJC. These young people were at the cutting edge of the canonised vision of youth, and consequently felt burdened by a failure to live up to such an ideal. Secondly, through massive voluntary participation in building the Revolution, through the Literacy Campaign, the militias and the aficionados groups, many young people in the 1960s internalised the Revolution and developed a revolutionary consciousness that defines their generation today. Finally, at the margin of the definition of what was considered revolutionary sat young cultural producers – those associated with El Puente, Caimán Barbudo and the Nueva Trova, and their audience – who attempted to define and redefine what it meant to be young and revolutionary. These groups all fed the culture of youth, and through them we can start to understand the uncertainties of being young, revolutionary and Cuban in this effervescent and convulsive decade.

Voluntary participation of citizens in formal organizations is considered an important indicator of an efficient civic society. It is also one of the assumptions of functional democratic regime. In this diploma thesis, I explain the differences between countries in civic involvement with general characteristics of national cultures. These characteristics were clearly described and defined by Geert Hofstede. I use his dimensions in this paper. The paper should contribute to understanding the motivations for engaging in formal organizations. As it proves that commitment is significantly related to the culture of the nation (especially to the cultural dimension Uncertainty Avoidance), it is clear that the change in the activity of citizens can be very slow and the differences between nations are likely to remain.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1359899 bytes, checksum: b6f2dbe090ba76bbd7768d92cd30d0e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The relationship which has been established in the cyberculture between companies and their audience has been characterized as a communicational phenomenon redesigned from the practices provided by cyberculture, as well as by the process of mediatization. More than a relation of products and services purchase and sale, marketing relationship in contemporary communication presents itself as a long term and intense relationship between participants. Now companies constant search for profits results in concerns about communication flows, with the participation of consumers and, consequentely, with the relationship with their consumers. This situation happens due to the release of the emission, connection and world conversation, considered as the principles of cyberculture, which have allowed marketing relationships in the web as a trend in digital medias, which, in turn, appeal to the inclusion of brands as lovemarks . Nike Plus project, case studied in this work, represents these phenomena by enhancing the exchange of information, the interaction and the affective involvement between company and participant consumers. By relating consumerism and cybercultural communication with marketing relationship, we aim at understanding the benefits for the parties involved and the implicit conditions in this relationship, besides identifying in which ways and aspects Nike Plus is included in relation to companies and its audience. Thus, studies about mediatization (practices which mediatize society s daily life and expand media performance by creating a new environment) are essential to contextualizing the present culture of participation, which, in turn, implies in a broader performance rather than mere consumerism of communication contents by consumers. For these reasons, there is a change in the relationship established with the companies, as well as with the own consumerism culture. Based on this perspective, we focus on Nike Plus case study, as an evidence of a phenomenon which has gained momentum in cyberculture, by representing the comtemporary settings of communication and consumerism. / O relacionamento praticado na cibercultura entre empresas e seus públicos vem se destacando como um fenômeno comunicacional que foi reconfigurado a partir das práticas proporcionadas pela cibercultura, bem como pelo processo de midiatização. Mais do uma relação de compra e venda de produtos e serviços, o relacionamento mercadológico apresenta-se na comunicação contemporânea como uma relação duradoura e intensa entre os participantes. A busca constante pelo lucro por parte das empresas implica que haja a preocupação com os fluxos de comunicação, com a participação dos consumidores e, consequentemente, com o relacionamento com os mesmos. Isto porque a liberação da emissão, a conexão e a conversação mundial, considerados os princípios da cibercultura, têm permitido que os relacionamentos mercadológicos que ocorrem na rede se apresentem como uma tendência das mídias digitais, que apelam para a inserção das marcas como lovemarks. O projeto Nike Plus, estudo de caso deste trabalho, representa estes fenômenos ao potencializar a troca de informações, a interação e o envolvimento afetivo entre a empresa e consumidores participantes. Ao relacionar o consumo e a comunicação na cibercultura ao relacionamento mercadológico, objetivamos compreender os benefícios para as partes envolvidas e as condições implícitas neste relacionamento, além de identificar de que forma e em que aspectos o Nike Plus se inclui na dinâmica cotidiana das empresas e dos seus públicos. Para isso, os estudos a respeito da midiatização (práticas que midiatizam o cotidiano da sociedade e que ampliam as atuações da mídia criando um novo ambiente) são fundamentais para contextualizar a atual cultura da participação, o que, por sua vez, implica em uma atuação mais ampla do que o mero consumo de conteúdos comunicacionais por parte dos consumidores. Esse fato altera a relação estabelecida com as empresas, bem como com a própria cultura de consumo. Baseado nesta perspectiva, contemplamos o estudo de caso Nike Plus como um indício de um fenômeno que vem ganhando forças na cibercultura e que retrata as configurações da comunicação e do consumo contemporâneo.

[pt] O envolvimento de usuários no desenvolvimento de sistemas (End User Development) tem atraído significativa atenção nos últimos 10 anos devido à motivação de eles ajustarem as aplicações de acordo com seus desejos e necessidades. A Web 2.0 tem tornado possível o desenvolvimento de uma nova cultura de participação, através das redes sociais, onde usuários compartilham conhecimentos, experiências e habilidades. Esta pesquisa é uma contribuição para estimular uma cultura de participação de usuários finais em processos de desenvolvimento de software. Um contexto social onde essa participação ganha relevância é o de sistemas de grupo, onde as mudanças desejadas por uns tipicamente afetam outros usuários de formas nem sempre desejadas por eles. Nossa contribuição central é um modelo, fundamentado na Engenharia Semiótica, para descrever e negociar evolução de sistemas. Suas principais características são: (i) estrutura a comunicação entre os participantes da negociação e (ii) combina três sistemas de representação (linguagem de interface, linguagem natural utilizada em anotações, e linguagem de scripts de interações em páginas Web). Essas linguagens são combinadas para formar uma linguagem de especificação mista a ser utilizada por usuários finais. Implementamos a característica (ii) através da ferramenta primoTiWIM (This is What I Mean). Priorizamos a implementação e avaliação desta parte do modelo, porque a expressão através desta combinação de linguagens influencia a qualidade da comunicação de todo o processo que desejamos apoiar. Realizamos estudos empíricos observando a primeira reação e impressão de usuários diante da primoTiWIM. Os resultados permitem concluir que o modelo proposto tem potencial para promover uma cultura de participação no contexto da co-autoria entre usuário e desenvolvedores de software. / [en] The involvement of users in system development (End user development) has attracted significant attention in the last ten years, given that users can adjust the applications according to their desires and needs. TheWeb 2.0 has now made possible the development of a new culture of user participation through social networks, where users share knowledge, experience and abilities. The contribution of this research is to provide knowledge and tools to foster a culture of participation among end users in the process of software development. One of the social contexts where such participation is particularly important is that of group systems, where changes desired by some typically affect other users in ways that may not always be desirable for all. Our main contribution is a model founded in Semiotic Engineering to support describing and negotiating system evolution in group discussions. Its main features are: (i) it provides a structure for the communication between people involved in the negotiation, and (ii) it combines three representational systems (interface language, natural language used in annotations, and a script language for interaction in Web pages). These languages are combined into a hybrid specification language for end users. We implemented feature (ii) through the tool primoTiWIM (This is What I Mean). We focused on the implementation and evaluation of feature (ii), since expression through this combined language affects the communication quality of the whole process that we wish to support. In order to evaluate our proposal we carried out empirical studies in which we sought to observe the first reactions and impressions of users in face of the primoTiWIM Tool. We concluded that the proposed model has the potential to promote a culture of participation in the context of the co-authorship between user-eveloper and software developers.

Freie Univ., Diss--Berlin, 2004. / Literaturverz. S. 285 - 296.