Thesis (M.S.D.)--Indiana University School of Dentistry, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Feb. 5, 2010) Advisor(s): John A. Levon, Chair of the Research Committee, Carl J. Andres, Tien-Min Gabriel Chu, David Brown, Suteera Hovijitra. Curriculum vitae. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-69).

Os equipamentos fotoativadores apresentam diferentes características e elas podem influenciar na polimerização de restaurações em resina composta. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as características de quatro equipamentos fotoativadores e verificar sua influência na polimerização de duas resinas compostas bulk fill. Os equipamentos fotoativadores Bluephase 20i (Ivoclar Vivadent), Celalux 3 (Voco), Elipar DeepCure-S (3M ESPE) e Valo Grand (Ultradent) foram avaliados quanto ao diâmetro da ponteira, à potência, à irradiância, ao espectro de emissão e ao perfil do feixe de luz, e utilizados na fotoativação das resinas compostas Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative - A2 (3M ESPE) e Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill - IVA (Ivoclar Vivadent). Matrizes de Delrin® brancas foram utilizadas para confecção de espécimes de 12 mm de diâmetro e 4 mm de espessura, sendo a dureza nas superfícies de topo e fundo desses espécimes avaliadas com 97 endentações por superfície, no centro e em todas as direções. Uma matriz de dente foi confeccionada para a avaliação da dureza transversal de restaurações de 12 mm de largura e 4 mm de profundidade, sendo feitas endentações no centro e nas regiões mesial e distal (4,5 mm do centro), a cada 0,5 mm de profundidade. Após os ensaios de microdureza, os espécimes foram imersos em Tetrahidrofurano por 24 horas. A transmissão de luz através dos espécimes também foi avaliada. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente com testes de ANOVA e Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%, e teste t. Os valores de dureza mensurados nos espécimes confeccionados com auxilio das matrizes de Delrin® mostram que os fatores resina composta e superfície mensurada exercem influência sobre os resultados (p<0,05). A interação entre o fator equipamento fotoativador e a região das endentações também influenciou os resultados, sendo que o uso do Valo Grand não resultou em diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os valores mensurados no centro e na região externa (p>=0,05). Quando o Celalux 3 foi utilizado, houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os valores obtidos nas regiões central e externa (p<0,05). Os resultados de dureza mensurados nos espécimes confeccionados com a matriz feita com uso de dente humano mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre 10 e 20 segundos de fotoativação (p<0,05). O fator resina composta também exerceu influência sobre os resultados. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o centro e as regiões mesial e distal quando todos os equipamentos fotoativadores foram utilizados (p<0,05). Também foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os valores obtidos nas caixas mesial e distal dos espécimes (p<0,05). Os resultados de transmissão de luz mostraram que pouca luz violeta chega ao fundo dos espécimes e a posição e o tamanho da ponteira dos equipamentos fotoativadores influenciam na irradiância da luz que chega no fundo das caixas proximais de restaurações MOD. Os equipamentos fotoativadores apresentaram diferenças, sendo que elas, associadas à diferentes protocolos de fotoativação, influenciaram na dureza de restaurações confeccionadas com resinas compostas bulk fill. / Light curing units can present different characteristics and they can influence the polymerization of composite resin restorations. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of four light curing units and verify their influence on the polymerization of two bulk fill composite resins. The light curing units Bluephase 20i (Ivoclar Vivadent), Celalux 3 (Voco), Elipar DeepCure-S (3M ESPE) and Valo Grand (Ultradent) were analyzed regarding their tip diameter, radiant power, irradiance, emission spectrum and light beam profile, and used for the photoactivation of the composite resins Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative - A2 (3M ESPE) and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill - IVA (Ivoclar Vivadent). White Delrin® matrices were used for the confection of 12 mm diameter and 4 mm depth specimens, being their hardness measured at the top and bottom surfaces, with 97 indents per surface, at the center and all the directions. One matrix, made using human tooth, was used for the confection of 12mm wide and 4 mm depth restorations, in which the transversal hardness was measured. Indents were made at the center and the mesial and distal regions (4,5 mm from the center) of the restorations, at every 0,5 mm in depth. After the microhardness tests, the specimens were immersed in Tetrahydrofuran for 24 hours. The light transmission through the specimens was also analyzed. The obtained data was statistically analyzed with the ANOVA and Tukey tests, with a 5% significance level, and t test. The hardness values measured at the specimen made with the Delrin® matrices showed that the factors composite resin and surface influenced the results (p<0,05). The interaction between the light curing unit and the region of the indents also influenced the results, when the Valo Grand was used, there was no statistically significant difference between center and the external regions (p>=0,05). When the Celalux 3 was used, there was a statistically significant difference between the central and external regions (p<0,05). The hardness results obtained with the specimen made using the matrix of human tooth showed statistically significant differences between the 10 and 20 second photoactivation times (p<0,05). The factor composite resin also influenced the results. There was a statistically significant difference between the center and the mesial and distal regions when all the light curing units were used (p<0,05). There was also a statistically significant difference between the values measured on the mesial and distal boxes of the specimen (p<0,05). The light transmission results showed that little violet light reaches the bottom of the specimens and the position and the light curing unit\'s tip diameters influence the irradiance of light that reaches the bottom of the proximal boxes of MOD restorations. The light curing units showed different characteristics and they, associated to different photoativation protocols, influence the hardness of bulk fill composite resin restorations.

Os equipamentos fotoativadores apresentam diferentes características e elas podem influenciar na polimerização de restaurações em resina composta. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as características de quatro equipamentos fotoativadores e verificar sua influência na polimerização de duas resinas compostas bulk fill. Os equipamentos fotoativadores Bluephase 20i (Ivoclar Vivadent), Celalux 3 (Voco), Elipar DeepCure-S (3M ESPE) e Valo Grand (Ultradent) foram avaliados quanto ao diâmetro da ponteira, à potência, à irradiância, ao espectro de emissão e ao perfil do feixe de luz, e utilizados na fotoativação das resinas compostas Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative - A2 (3M ESPE) e Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill - IVA (Ivoclar Vivadent). Matrizes de Delrin® brancas foram utilizadas para confecção de espécimes de 12 mm de diâmetro e 4 mm de espessura, sendo a dureza nas superfícies de topo e fundo desses espécimes avaliadas com 97 endentações por superfície, no centro e em todas as direções. Uma matriz de dente foi confeccionada para a avaliação da dureza transversal de restaurações de 12 mm de largura e 4 mm de profundidade, sendo feitas endentações no centro e nas regiões mesial e distal (4,5 mm do centro), a cada 0,5 mm de profundidade. Após os ensaios de microdureza, os espécimes foram imersos em Tetrahidrofurano por 24 horas. A transmissão de luz através dos espécimes também foi avaliada. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente com testes de ANOVA e Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%, e teste t. Os valores de dureza mensurados nos espécimes confeccionados com auxilio das matrizes de Delrin® mostram que os fatores resina composta e superfície mensurada exercem influência sobre os resultados (p<0,05). A interação entre o fator equipamento fotoativador e a região das endentações também influenciou os resultados, sendo que o uso do Valo Grand não resultou em diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os valores mensurados no centro e na região externa (p>=0,05). Quando o Celalux 3 foi utilizado, houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os valores obtidos nas regiões central e externa (p<0,05). Os resultados de dureza mensurados nos espécimes confeccionados com a matriz feita com uso de dente humano mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre 10 e 20 segundos de fotoativação (p<0,05). O fator resina composta também exerceu influência sobre os resultados. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o centro e as regiões mesial e distal quando todos os equipamentos fotoativadores foram utilizados (p<0,05). Também foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os valores obtidos nas caixas mesial e distal dos espécimes (p<0,05). Os resultados de transmissão de luz mostraram que pouca luz violeta chega ao fundo dos espécimes e a posição e o tamanho da ponteira dos equipamentos fotoativadores influenciam na irradiância da luz que chega no fundo das caixas proximais de restaurações MOD. Os equipamentos fotoativadores apresentaram diferenças, sendo que elas, associadas à diferentes protocolos de fotoativação, influenciaram na dureza de restaurações confeccionadas com resinas compostas bulk fill. / Light curing units can present different characteristics and they can influence the polymerization of composite resin restorations. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of four light curing units and verify their influence on the polymerization of two bulk fill composite resins. The light curing units Bluephase 20i (Ivoclar Vivadent), Celalux 3 (Voco), Elipar DeepCure-S (3M ESPE) and Valo Grand (Ultradent) were analyzed regarding their tip diameter, radiant power, irradiance, emission spectrum and light beam profile, and used for the photoactivation of the composite resins Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative - A2 (3M ESPE) and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill - IVA (Ivoclar Vivadent). White Delrin® matrices were used for the confection of 12 mm diameter and 4 mm depth specimens, being their hardness measured at the top and bottom surfaces, with 97 indents per surface, at the center and all the directions. One matrix, made using human tooth, was used for the confection of 12mm wide and 4 mm depth restorations, in which the transversal hardness was measured. Indents were made at the center and the mesial and distal regions (4,5 mm from the center) of the restorations, at every 0,5 mm in depth. After the microhardness tests, the specimens were immersed in Tetrahydrofuran for 24 hours. The light transmission through the specimens was also analyzed. The obtained data was statistically analyzed with the ANOVA and Tukey tests, with a 5% significance level, and t test. The hardness values measured at the specimen made with the Delrin® matrices showed that the factors composite resin and surface influenced the results (p<0,05). The interaction between the light curing unit and the region of the indents also influenced the results, when the Valo Grand was used, there was no statistically significant difference between center and the external regions (p>=0,05). When the Celalux 3 was used, there was a statistically significant difference between the central and external regions (p<0,05). The hardness results obtained with the specimen made using the matrix of human tooth showed statistically significant differences between the 10 and 20 second photoactivation times (p<0,05). The factor composite resin also influenced the results. There was a statistically significant difference between the center and the mesial and distal regions when all the light curing units were used (p<0,05). There was also a statistically significant difference between the values measured on the mesial and distal boxes of the specimen (p<0,05). The light transmission results showed that little violet light reaches the bottom of the specimens and the position and the light curing unit\'s tip diameters influence the irradiance of light that reaches the bottom of the proximal boxes of MOD restorations. The light curing units showed different characteristics and they, associated to different photoativation protocols, influence the hardness of bulk fill composite resin restorations.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Objective: The objective was to assess a multiple emission peak light-emitting-diode (LED) light-curing unit (LCU) by measuring the polymerization efficiency through the degree of conversion (DC) and Knoop microhardness (KHN) of a resin-based pit and fissure sealant at various light curing times and two distances compared to a single emission peak LED LCU. Method: Sixty disks of resin-based pit and fissure sealant (Delton, DENTSPLY, York, PA) samples (6x1mm) were fabricated (n=5/LCU/group). Prepared samples were polymerized using 10, 20 and 40 second curing time at 2 or 4 mm curing distances. The irradiance and radiant exposure received on the top/bottom surfaces of the samples were measured using the Managing Accurate Resin Curing-Resin Calibrator (MARC-RC) system. The samples were stored at 37°C for one hour. Then, the DC (n=3/surface) and KHN (n=5/surface) measurements were collected on the top and bottom surfaces using Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and a microhardness tester (Instron) utilizing 25-gm at 10 seconds dwell time, respectively. Multiple-way ANOVA was performed followed by Tukey test (α=0.05). Result: The irradiance from the multiple emission peak LED LCU was significantly higher than the single emission peak LED LCU (1312.6 and 768.3 mW/cm2) respectively. Moreover, the multiple emission peak LED LCU displayed significantly higher DC (82.5%) and microhardness (26.2 KHN) compared to the single emission peak LED LCU (75.5% DC and 21.2 KHN) when curing samples at 2 and 4 mm curing distances assessed using 10, 20 and 40-second curing times. The 10 second cure at 4 mm showed significantly lower DC and KHN values compared to the other groups. Conclusion: The multiple emission peak LED LCU demonstrated significantly higher irradiance, DC and KHN compared to the single emission peak LED LCU on a resin-based pit and fissure sealant at 2 and 4 mm curing distances and 10, 20 and 40 second curing times. Therefore, the multiple emission peak LED LCU performed higher than the single emission peak LED LCU.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Background. Beam profile non-uniformity of light-curing units (LCUs) may result in suboptimal properties of resin-matrix composite (RMC) restorations. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of curing-light beam profile of multiple light curing units (LCUs) on the degree of conversion (DC) and micro-flexural strength (μ-flexural strength) of RMC. Methods: Forty-five nano-filled hybrid RMC (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Amherst, NY) specimens were fabricated. Quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) (Optilux 401) (O), multiple emission peak (VALO Cordless) (V) and single emission peak (Demi Ultra) (DU) light-emitting-diode (LED) LCUs were investigated at different light-curing locations (LCLs): 1) the center of the LCU tip; 2) 1.5 mm to the left of the center of the LCU tip; and 3) 1.5 mm to the right of the center of the LCU tip. Specimens were stored wet in deionized water at 37C for 24 hours. The DC was measured on top and bottom surfaces using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Micro-flexural strength testing was performed using a universal mechanical testing machine at crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Multi-factorial ANOVAs were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). Results: All LCUs exhibited significant differences in DC between top and bottom surfaces at the different LCLs. Micro-flexural strength varied with LCL for DU. Conclusions: The non-uniform curing-light beam profile could have a significant effect on μ-flexural strength and DC on top and bottom surfaces of RMC specimens cured at different LCLs.

No description available.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho, dividido em três estudos, foi avaliar: (1) a influência da utilização de diferentes fontes de luz e métodos de fotoativação sobre o grau de conversão e a contração de polimerização de uma resina composta nanoparticulada; (2) a influência da utilização dos diferentes métodos de fotoativacao, disponibilizados por aparelhos LED de 2a geração, sobre a contração volumétrica das resinas compostas microhíbrida e nanopartículada e (3) as propriedades térmicas e o grau de conversão das resinas compostas microhíbrida e nanopartículada, submetidas aos diferentes métodos de fotoativação disponibilizados por aparelhos LED de 2a geracao. No primeiro estudo, o grau de conversão (GC) foi avaliado pelo metodo da espectroscopia infravermelha transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) e as forças de contração (C) mensuradas em máquina de ensaios universal (EMIC). Os dados obtidos para o GC e C foram analísados estatísticamente pelo teste da análise de variancia (ANOVA), sendo que para as forças de contração, a correção de Welch e o teste Tamhane também foram empregados. No segundo estudo, a contração volumétrica foi avaliada por um mecanismo de vídeo e imagem (AcuvolR/Bisco) e os dados obtidos foram análisados estatísticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey. No terceiro estudo, o método da calorimetria exploratória diferencial foi empregado para avaliar a temperatura de transição vitrea (Tg) e de degradação dos materiais e o GC por FTIR. Os dados relativos ao GC foram análisados estatísticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças na contração de polimerização de acordo com o método de fotoativação empregado. No primeiro e segundo estudos, mesmo empregando diferentes metodologias, o método de fotoativação contínuo apresentou os maiores valores de contração. Por outro lado,o GC não... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this work, divided into three studies, was evaluate: (1) the influence of different light sources and photo-activation methods on degree of conversion and polymerization shrinkage of a nanocomposite resin; (2) the influence of different photo-activation methods, available by the 2nd generation LED light-curing units, on the volumetric shrinkage of microhybrid and nanocomposite resins and (3) thermal properties and degree of conversion of microhybrid and nanocomposite resins submitted to different photo-activation methods available by 2nd generation LED light-curing units. In the first study, degree of conversion (DC) was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and shrinkage forces (S) were measured in a universal testing machine (EMIC). The data obtained for DC and S were analyzed by Analysis of Variance test (ANOVA) and for S Welch's correction and Tamhane's tests were also employed. In the second study, volumetric shrinkage was evaluated by video-imaging device (AcuvolR/Bisco) and data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test. In the third study, differential scanning calorimetry was used in order to observe glass transition temperature (Tg) and degradation peak of the materials and DC was evaluated for FT-IR. The DC data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test. The results showed differences in the polymerization shrinkage according to photo-activation method employed. In the first and second studies, the continuous photo-activation methods presented the highest values for shrinkage even though different methodologies were used to assess. Moreover, DC was not influenced by the photo-activation method but was influenced by light sources. The lowest DC values were observed for halogen light-curing unit. In the second study beyond the influence of the photo-activation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Marcelo Ferrarezi de Andrade / Coorientador: Alessandra Nara de Souza Rastelli / Banca: Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona / Banca: Denise Pedrini / Banca: Osmir Batista de Oliveira Junior / Banca: José Roberto Cury Saad / Doutor

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The general aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the localized irradiance beam profiles from multiple light-emitting-diode (LED) light-curing units (LCUs) on the polymerization pattern within a resin-matrix composite (RMC). Irradiance beam profiles were generated from one quartz-tungsten-halogen and various single and multiple emission peak LED LCUs using a camera-based beam profiler system combined with LCU power measurements obtained using an integrating sphere/spectrometer assembly. The influence of distance on irradiance, radiant exposure (RE) and degree of conversion (DC) on the top and bottom surfaces of a RMC increment, using various LCUs, at two clinically relevant distances was investigated. Molar absorptivity of the photoinitiators present in the nano-hybrid RMC (Tetric EvoCeram bleaching shade-XL) assessed was using UV-spectrophotometry. The correlation among irradiance, RE and DC was explored. A mapping approach was used to investigate DC, microhardness and cross-link density (CLD) within 5×5×2 mm specimens at various depths; top, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3,1.5 mm and bottom. The localized irradiance correlation with its corresponding DC, microhardness and CLD was explored, and localized DC correlation with microhardness was assessed. The DC was measured using micro-Raman spectroscopy, and CLD was assessed by an ethanol-softening method (%KHN reduction) using an automated microhardness tester. Molar absorptivity of diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide was 20-fold higher than camphorquinone. Non-uniform LCU beam profiles caused localized polymerization discrepancies that were significant at specific depths and points within the specimens with respect to DC, microhardness and CLD, which did not follow a specific pattern regardless of the LCU or curing distance assessed. A moderate correlation was displayed among irradiance, RE and DC. The localized irradiance from the LCUs was weakly correlated with the corresponding DC, microhardness and CLD on the top surface of a RMC at both curing distances. The localized microhardness was moderately correlated with DC. In conclusion, polymerization within the RMC investigated was non-uniform and did not reflect the LCU irradiance pattern at the area assessed. Also, a mapping approach within the specimens provided a detailed polymerization pattern assessment occurring within a RMC increment. Therefore, the LCUs explored may potentially increase the risk of RMC fracture.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:21:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricio Runnacles.pdf: 1899405 bytes, checksum: f12074a5a86f43aa25ef7c17d1ba8e87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / Objective: This in vivo study evaluated the baseline pulp temperature in human intact upper premolars and the pulp temperature rise induced by light emitted by a high power polywave Light Emitting Diode (LED) light curing unit (LCU); also, the possible correlation between the change in temperature (ΔT) and the volume of the crown and the pulp chamber ex vivo. Material and methods: after approval of the local Ethics Committee was obtained (protocol #255,945), upper right and left first premolars requiring extraction for orthodontic reasons from 8 volunteers (n=15) received infiltrative and intraligamental anesthesia and were isolated using rubber dam. A small, occlusal preparation was made using high-speed hand piece, under constant air-water spray, until a minute pulp exposure was attained. The sterile probe from a wireless, NIST-traceable, temperature acquisition system (Temperature Data Acquisition - Thermes WFI, Physitemp) was inserted directly into the coronal pulp. Once the baseline pulp temperature was stable, the buccal surface was exposed to polywave light from a LED LCU (Bluephase 20i, Ivoclar Vivadent) using selected EMs: 10-s either in low (10-s/L) or High (10-s/H); 5-s-Turbo (5-s/T); and 60-s-High (60-s/H) intensities, allowing a 7-min span between each exposure. Peak PT values and PT increases from baseline (ΔT) after exposure were subjected to 1-Way, repeated measures ANOVAs, and Bonferroni's post-hoc tests (α=0.05). Linear regression analysis was performed to establish the relationship between applied radiant exposure and ΔT. Linear regression analysis was performed to establish the relationship between applied radiant exposure and ΔT. the teeth were extracted according to treatment plan. The crown and pulp volumes were measured using micro-tomography scanner, and pulp chamber / crown volume ratio was determined. Afterwards, premolar buccal-lingual, cervico-occlusal, mesio-distal dimensions as well as between cusp distances were measured using a digital caliper. Results: consistent temperature below body temperature, resulting in an average core temperature of 35 ° C (+ 0.7 ° C) was found. All modes of activation of the LED promoted significant temperature rise in the pulp chamber. A positive correlation between energy density and thermal variation was observed. No correlation was observed between coronal volume, the pulp chamber with temperature changes. A significant negative correlation was noted between pulp temperature changes when 10-s/L was used and VL. / Objetivo: Este estudo in vivo avaliou a temperatura basal da polpa em pré-molares hígidos superiores em humanos e o aumento da temperatura induzida pela luz emitida por um fotopolimerizador à base de Diodo Emissor de Luz (LED) polywave de alta potência; além disso, a possível correlação entre a variação de temperatura (ΔT) e o volume da coroa e da câmara pulpar ex vivo. Material e métodos: após aprovação da Comissão de Ética da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG) (protocolo #255,945), pré-molares direito e esquerdo de 8 pacientes voluntários (n=15), que necessitavam de extrações por motivos ortodônticos, receberam anestesia infiltrativa e intraligamentar e isolamento absoluto. Um pequeno acesso oclusal com exposição pulpar foi realizado usando alta-rotação, sob spray de ar e água constante, até atingir uma mínima exposição da polpa. Inseriu-se uma sonda estéril de um termopar wireless (Temperature Data Acquisition - Thermes WFI, Physitemp) diretamente no interior da câmara pulpar. Após a estabilização da temperatura basal da polpa, a face vestibular foi exposta à luz de um fotopolimerizador LED polywave (Bluephase 20i, Ivoclar Vivadent), usando modos de exposição selecionados: 10s em baixa potência (10s/L), 10s em alta potência (10s/H), 5s em potência turbo (5s/T) e 60s em alta potência (60s/H), respeitando um intervalo de 7 min entre cada exposição. A temperatura pulpar foi registrada a cada 0,2 s. Os valores absolutos e a variação da temperatura pulpar após exposição foram submetidos a análise estatística fator único (ANOVA) com medidas repetidas seguida pelo teste de Bonferroni (α=0,05). A correlação entre as densidades de energia aplicadas e os valores das variações de aumento de temperatura foi estabelecida por uma análise de regressão linear. Após as exodontias realizadas de acordo com os planos de tratamento, os elementos dentários (n=11) foram armazenados em Timol 0,1% e as dimensões mésio-distal da face oclusal (MD), cérvico-oclusal (CO), e vestíbulo-lingual (VL) da coroa dos dentes foram medidas com um paquímetro digital. Os volumes coronário e da câmara pulpar foram determinados por meio de microtomografia computadorizada (μCT) dos espécimes. Resultados: foi encontrada uma temperatura basal média consistente abaixo da temperatura corporal, de 35°C (+ 0,7°C). Todos os modos de ativação do LED promoveram aumento significativo de temperatura na câmara pulpar. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre densidade de energia e variação térmica. Não houve correlação dos volumes coronal e da câmara pulpar com as variações térmicas, mas foi encontrada uma correlação negativa entre a medida VL das coroas e o ΔT no modo de exposição 10s/L.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:41:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_sxs_dr_arafo.pdf: 852844 bytes, checksum: 8945fe6817e7f7f0051c98cb920416e1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho, dividido em três estudos, foi avaliar: (1) a influência da utilização de diferentes fontes de luz e métodos de fotoativação sobre o grau de conversão e a contração de polimerização de uma resina composta nanoparticulada; (2) a influência da utilização dos diferentes métodos de fotoativacao, disponibilizados por aparelhos LED de 2a geração, sobre a contração volumétrica das resinas compostas microhíbrida e nanopartículada e (3) as propriedades térmicas e o grau de conversão das resinas compostas microhíbrida e nanopartículada, submetidas aos diferentes métodos de fotoativação disponibilizados por aparelhos LED de 2a geracao. No primeiro estudo, o grau de conversão (GC) foi avaliado pelo metodo da espectroscopia infravermelha transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) e as forças de contração (C) mensuradas em máquina de ensaios universal (EMIC). Os dados obtidos para o GC e C foram analísados estatísticamente pelo teste da análise de variancia (ANOVA), sendo que para as forças de contração, a correção de Welch e o teste Tamhane também foram empregados. No segundo estudo, a contração volumétrica foi avaliada por um mecanismo de vídeo e imagem (AcuvolR/Bisco) e os dados obtidos foram análisados estatísticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey. No terceiro estudo, o método da calorimetria exploratória diferencial foi empregado para avaliar a temperatura de transição vitrea (Tg) e de degradação dos materiais e o GC por FTIR. Os dados relativos ao GC foram análisados estatísticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças na contração de polimerização de acordo com o método de fotoativação empregado. No primeiro e segundo estudos, mesmo empregando diferentes metodologias, o método de fotoativação contínuo apresentou os maiores valores de contração. Por outro lado,o GC não... / The aim of this work, divided into three studies, was evaluate: (1) the influence of different light sources and photo-activation methods on degree of conversion and polymerization shrinkage of a nanocomposite resin; (2) the influence of different photo-activation methods, available by the 2nd generation LED light-curing units, on the volumetric shrinkage of microhybrid and nanocomposite resins and (3) thermal properties and degree of conversion of microhybrid and nanocomposite resins submitted to different photo-activation methods available by 2nd generation LED light-curing units. In the first study, degree of conversion (DC) was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and shrinkage forces (S) were measured in a universal testing machine (EMIC). The data obtained for DC and S were analyzed by Analysis of Variance test (ANOVA) and for S Welch’s correction and Tamhane’s tests were also employed. In the second study, volumetric shrinkage was evaluated by video-imaging device (AcuvolR/Bisco) and data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. In the third study, differential scanning calorimetry was used in order to observe glass transition temperature (Tg) and degradation peak of the materials and DC was evaluated for FT-IR. The DC data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The results showed differences in the polymerization shrinkage according to photo-activation method employed. In the first and second studies, the continuous photo-activation methods presented the highest values for shrinkage even though different methodologies were used to assess. Moreover, DC was not influenced by the photo-activation method but was influenced by light sources. The lowest DC values were observed for halogen light-curing unit. In the second study beyond the influence of the photo-activation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)