A capacidade de o marketing mensurar e comunicar o valor de suas atividades e investimentos tem sido uma das prioridades de pesquisa na área nos últimos anos. Para atingir esse objetivo, a capacidade de mensurar adequadamente os ativos de marketing, como o Customer Lifetime Value e, de forma agregada, o Customer Equity, torna-se essencial, pois esses ativos são considerados os elementos capazes de traduzir em valores monetários o resultado dos diversos investimentos realizados pela área de marketing. Diante da mensuração desses valores, é possível o planejamento e a realização de ações mais precisas por parte dos profissionais de marketing. Sendo assim, no presente estudo objetivou-se construir e aplicar um modelo de estimação de Customer Lifetime Value no modo bottom-up (individual por cliente) em uma amostra de clientes de uma empresa do setor de serviços financeiros. O modelo bayesiano hierárquico aplicado, com três regressões estruturadas conforme o modelo Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) (ZELNER, 1971), foi construído a partir dos trabalhos de Kumar et al. (2008), Kumar e Shah (2009) e Cowles, Carlin e Connet (1996). Os resultados evidenciaram (1) que o modelo foi capaz de estimar com consistência o valor futuro de 84% dos clientes analisados; (2) que esse valor estimado traduz o potencial de rentabilidade que pode ser esperado futuramente para cada cliente; (3) que a base de clientes pode ser segmentada a partir do Customer Lifetime Value. Diante do conhecimento do valor futuro de cada cliente, se vislumbrou possibilidades de ações que tragam melhorias para gestão de clientes tradicionalmente utilizada, principalmente no que diz respeito à alocação dos recursos de marketing. / The marketing capacity to measure and to communicate the value resultant of its activities and investments has been one of the area top research priorities in the last few years. In order to achieve this objective, the capacity to appropriately measure the marketing assets, as the Customer Lifetime Value and, in aggregate form, the Customer Equity, has been pointed out as essential, because this assets are considered elements capable of translating the result of marketing investments into monetary values. Given the measurement of those values, marketers become able to plan and take more precise actions. Thus, the objective of present study is to build and test a bottom-up Customer Lifetime Value estimation model to a sample of customers from a company of finance services. The bayesian hierarchical model, composed of three regressions structured according to the Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) model (ZELNER, 1971), was built from the works of Kumar et al. (2008), Kumar and Shah (2009) and Cowles, Carlin and Connet (1996). The results show that (1) the model was capable to estimate with consistency the future value of 84% of the analyzed customers; (2) this estimated future values indicate the potential profitability of each customer; (3) the customer base can be segmented from the Customer Lifetime Value. Given the knowledge obtained about the future value of each customer and the segments established, several actions that can bring improvements to the traditional way of managing customers were suggested, in special those concerning marketing resource allocation.

A capacidade de o marketing mensurar e comunicar o valor de suas atividades e investimentos tem sido uma das prioridades de pesquisa na área nos últimos anos. Para atingir esse objetivo, a capacidade de mensurar adequadamente os ativos de marketing, como o Customer Lifetime Value e, de forma agregada, o Customer Equity, torna-se essencial, pois esses ativos são considerados os elementos capazes de traduzir em valores monetários o resultado dos diversos investimentos realizados pela área de marketing. Diante da mensuração desses valores, é possível o planejamento e a realização de ações mais precisas por parte dos profissionais de marketing. Sendo assim, no presente estudo objetivou-se construir e aplicar um modelo de estimação de Customer Lifetime Value no modo bottom-up (individual por cliente) em uma amostra de clientes de uma empresa do setor de serviços financeiros. O modelo bayesiano hierárquico aplicado, com três regressões estruturadas conforme o modelo Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) (ZELNER, 1971), foi construído a partir dos trabalhos de Kumar et al. (2008), Kumar e Shah (2009) e Cowles, Carlin e Connet (1996). Os resultados evidenciaram (1) que o modelo foi capaz de estimar com consistência o valor futuro de 84% dos clientes analisados; (2) que esse valor estimado traduz o potencial de rentabilidade que pode ser esperado futuramente para cada cliente; (3) que a base de clientes pode ser segmentada a partir do Customer Lifetime Value. Diante do conhecimento do valor futuro de cada cliente, se vislumbrou possibilidades de ações que tragam melhorias para gestão de clientes tradicionalmente utilizada, principalmente no que diz respeito à alocação dos recursos de marketing. / The marketing capacity to measure and to communicate the value resultant of its activities and investments has been one of the area top research priorities in the last few years. In order to achieve this objective, the capacity to appropriately measure the marketing assets, as the Customer Lifetime Value and, in aggregate form, the Customer Equity, has been pointed out as essential, because this assets are considered elements capable of translating the result of marketing investments into monetary values. Given the measurement of those values, marketers become able to plan and take more precise actions. Thus, the objective of present study is to build and test a bottom-up Customer Lifetime Value estimation model to a sample of customers from a company of finance services. The bayesian hierarchical model, composed of three regressions structured according to the Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) model (ZELNER, 1971), was built from the works of Kumar et al. (2008), Kumar and Shah (2009) and Cowles, Carlin and Connet (1996). The results show that (1) the model was capable to estimate with consistency the future value of 84% of the analyzed customers; (2) this estimated future values indicate the potential profitability of each customer; (3) the customer base can be segmented from the Customer Lifetime Value. Given the knowledge obtained about the future value of each customer and the segments established, several actions that can bring improvements to the traditional way of managing customers were suggested, in special those concerning marketing resource allocation.

O moderno conceito de marketing, visto como filosofia empresarial, defende que a empresa deve ser centralizada no cliente, ou seja, ter todas as suas atividades integradas e alinhadas para entregar valor superior para seus consumidores. Até o final da década de 1990 havia uma clara lacuna entre o moderno conceito de marketing e as métricas existentes. Assim, as métricas de customer equity foram concebidas na tentativa de superar esse conflito entre filosofia e realidade prática de marketing. Customer equity pode ser definido como o valor monetário dos clientes enquanto um ativo da empresa, e foi apontado pela literatura como possível responsável pelo aumento da capitalização de mercado em algumas empresas. Esse estudo busca identificar a relação de causalidade entre customer equity, calculado pelo modelo de Gupta et al (2003), e a capitalização de mercado das empresas do setor de comunicação do mercado brasileiro utilizando uma série de modelos. Primeiramente rodou-se um modelo de regressão em painel com efeito aleatório, seguido de uma análise de causalidade Granger. Os resultados, em geral, não convergem com a literatura relacionada. Por fim foram discutidas as implicações gerenciais, limitações e sugestões para pesquisas futuras. / The modern concept of marketing, seen as business philosophy, holds that the firm must be customer centered, that is, all the activities must be integrated and oriented to deliver superior value to its customers. There was a clear gap between the modern concept of marketing and the existing metrics until the end of the 1990’s. Thus, the customer equity metrics were developed trying to overcome the conflict between philosophy and the managerial reality of marketing. Customer equity can be defined as the value of customers as an asset of the firm, and was held as a possible responsible for increasing the market capitalization of several companies. This study aims to identify the causal relationship between customer equity, using the approach proposed by Gupta and Lehmann (2003), and the market capitalization of several Brazilian communication companies. First it was conducted a panel regression analysis with random effects, then a series of Granger causality tests were made. The results, at large, do not converge with the related research. Finally, the limitations, managerial implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.

A configuração do capitalismo atual, a globalização de mercados, o acirramento da concorrência, a velocidade de mudança e os gerentes cada vez mais cobrados por resultados e sustentabilidade das tomadas de decisão têm impelido as empresas a investir cada vez mais em sistemas de relacionamento para conhecer clientes. Os clientes são a mola propulsora de qualquer empresa e sem eles a empresa não possui valor algum. O objetivo desse trabalho foi explorar os fatores que impactam e determinam o valor do cliente para a empresa e/ou acionistas. Com base em fundamentação teórica, foram evidenciadas as principais pesquisas, destacando as contribuições empíricas de cada caso e a contemplação dos vetores de valor para a empresa e/ou acionistas. Resultados sugerem que o advento da tecnologia da informação nas empresas tem proporcionado a produção de conhecimento para a tomada de decisão mais estruturada em relação à gestão de clientes por valor. Foram evidenciadas (9) nove pesquisas sobre análise de padrão de lucratividade, (8) oito sobre otimização de alocação de recursos, (5) cinco sobre aquisição, retenção e efeitos sociais e (4) quatro sobre avaliação de empresas por meio de clientes. Cliente é definido como ativo intangível na medida em que otimiza a utilização dos recursos para a cocriação de valor para a empresa e/ou acionistas. / The current capitalism configuration, markets globalization, tight competitiveness, the change speed, managers more and more called by results and account for their decision have been forcing companies to invest more and more in customer relationship systems. The customers are the bottom line of any company and without them the company doesn\'t possess any value. The objective of this work was to explore the factors that impact and determine the customer\'s value for the company and/or shareholders. Based on theoretical, it was evidenced the mainly researches, dealing with empirical contribution of each case and the value vectors contemplation for company and/or shareholders. Results suggest that the introducing information technology in the companies has been providing the knowledge production for decision models more structured for managing customers by value. Nine researches were evidenced on profitability pattern analysis, eight on optimize resources allocation, five on acquisition and retention and social effects and four about firm evaluation through customers. Customer is defined as in-tangible assets as long as optimizes the utilization of resources for the co-creation of value for the company and/or shareholders.

O moderno conceito de marketing, visto como filosofia empresarial, defende que a empresa deve ser centralizada no cliente, ou seja, ter todas as suas atividades integradas e alinhadas para entregar valor superior para seus consumidores. Até o final da década de 1990 havia uma clara lacuna entre o moderno conceito de marketing e as métricas existentes. Assim, as métricas de customer equity foram concebidas na tentativa de superar esse conflito entre filosofia e realidade prática de marketing. Customer equity pode ser definido como o valor monetário dos clientes enquanto um ativo da empresa, e foi apontado pela literatura como possível responsável pelo aumento da capitalização de mercado em algumas empresas. Esse estudo busca identificar a relação de causalidade entre customer equity, calculado pelo modelo de Gupta et al (2003), e a capitalização de mercado das empresas do setor de comunicação do mercado brasileiro utilizando uma série de modelos. Primeiramente rodou-se um modelo de regressão em painel com efeito aleatório, seguido de uma análise de causalidade Granger. Os resultados, em geral, não convergem com a literatura relacionada. Por fim foram discutidas as implicações gerenciais, limitações e sugestões para pesquisas futuras. / The modern concept of marketing, seen as business philosophy, holds that the firm must be customer centered, that is, all the activities must be integrated and oriented to deliver superior value to its customers. There was a clear gap between the modern concept of marketing and the existing metrics until the end of the 1990’s. Thus, the customer equity metrics were developed trying to overcome the conflict between philosophy and the managerial reality of marketing. Customer equity can be defined as the value of customers as an asset of the firm, and was held as a possible responsible for increasing the market capitalization of several companies. This study aims to identify the causal relationship between customer equity, using the approach proposed by Gupta and Lehmann (2003), and the market capitalization of several Brazilian communication companies. First it was conducted a panel regression analysis with random effects, then a series of Granger causality tests were made. The results, at large, do not converge with the related research. Finally, the limitations, managerial implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.

A capacidade de o marketing mensurar e comunicar o valor de suas atividades e investimentos tem sido uma das prioridades de pesquisa na área nos últimos anos. Para atingir esse objetivo, a capacidade de mensurar adequadamente os ativos de marketing, como o Customer Lifetime Value e, de forma agregada, o Customer Equity, torna-se essencial, pois esses ativos são considerados os elementos capazes de traduzir em valores monetários o resultado dos diversos investimentos realizados pela área de marketing. Diante da mensuração desses valores, é possível o planejamento e a realização de ações mais precisas por parte dos profissionais de marketing. Sendo assim, no presente estudo objetivou-se construir e aplicar um modelo de estimação de Customer Lifetime Value no modo bottom-up (individual por cliente) em uma amostra de clientes de uma empresa do setor de serviços financeiros. O modelo bayesiano hierárquico aplicado, com três regressões estruturadas conforme o modelo Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) (ZELNER, 1971), foi construído a partir dos trabalhos de Kumar et al. (2008), Kumar e Shah (2009) e Cowles, Carlin e Connet (1996). Os resultados evidenciaram (1) que o modelo foi capaz de estimar com consistência o valor futuro de 84% dos clientes analisados; (2) que esse valor estimado traduz o potencial de rentabilidade que pode ser esperado futuramente para cada cliente; (3) que a base de clientes pode ser segmentada a partir do Customer Lifetime Value. Diante do conhecimento do valor futuro de cada cliente, se vislumbrou possibilidades de ações que tragam melhorias para gestão de clientes tradicionalmente utilizada, principalmente no que diz respeito à alocação dos recursos de marketing. / The marketing capacity to measure and to communicate the value resultant of its activities and investments has been one of the area top research priorities in the last few years. In order to achieve this objective, the capacity to appropriately measure the marketing assets, as the Customer Lifetime Value and, in aggregate form, the Customer Equity, has been pointed out as essential, because this assets are considered elements capable of translating the result of marketing investments into monetary values. Given the measurement of those values, marketers become able to plan and take more precise actions. Thus, the objective of present study is to build and test a bottom-up Customer Lifetime Value estimation model to a sample of customers from a company of finance services. The bayesian hierarchical model, composed of three regressions structured according to the Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) model (ZELNER, 1971), was built from the works of Kumar et al. (2008), Kumar and Shah (2009) and Cowles, Carlin and Connet (1996). The results show that (1) the model was capable to estimate with consistency the future value of 84% of the analyzed customers; (2) this estimated future values indicate the potential profitability of each customer; (3) the customer base can be segmented from the Customer Lifetime Value. Given the knowledge obtained about the future value of each customer and the segments established, several actions that can bring improvements to the traditional way of managing customers were suggested, in special those concerning marketing resource allocation.

Reducing customer churn while simultaneously increasing prices is a challenge in need of a successful intervention. This study takes an in-depth look into successful interventions that assist a business in retaining their customers while increasing prices. By identifying such successful methods, business can continue to have price optimisation strategies that can increase the value of the business through the growth in customer equity. By using an experimental design that takes place in a live setting on over 50,000 customers, interventions are tested to research whether they can have a causal relationship between the intervention and improved customer retention. Three different interventions target improving customer loyalty by offering them an additional benefit, providing justification of the increase through a personal phone call or both. The results of this research found that by simultaneously offering a customer an additional benefit and also creating a personal touch point by communicating directly with the customer telephonically in order to justify the increase had a significantly positive impact on customer retention. As an outcome, an additional level of depth can be added to the academic literature and a deeper insight into customer relationship management exists for businesses to learn from and grow their firm value. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / lmgibs2014 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

Launching new products into the market is considered a means of generating growth; however the growth is often short-lived as competitors copy product innovations. Organisations are learning that customers and not products are the most valuable resource and are the source of competitiveness and growth. Consequently, the requirement to change the organisational strategy from product centricity to customer centricity has become a topic of interest. It was identified by numerous authors that to attain customer centricity organisations need to change the design of their entities and related processes by harnessing organisation design competencies. In exploring this topic, a qualitative research approach was adopted. The research was conducted using a two phase approach. The first phase entailed an analysis of published case studies of four companies that have transitioned from a product centric to a customer centric strategy. The companies were from the financial services, electronics, real estate and information technology industries. The second phase of the research entailed conducting semi-structured interviews at a retail bank that was in the process of transitioning from a product centric to a customer centric strategy. Sixteen semi-structured interviews with the key managers across the retail bank were conducted. A central finding of this research was that the transition from a product centric to a customer centric strategy entails the understanding of key enabling factors. These are grouped into 3 categories, namely; technological, customer and organisational factors. Another central finding was the evidence in the changes in the organisation design. Changes in the structure, processes, rewards and measurements as well as people practices were noted. The role of leadership, culture and change management was highlighted. An organisation design capability was also cited as assisting in the transition to a customer centric strategy. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / ccgibs2014 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

M.B.A. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

D.Phil. / Performance management has become legislative requirement for municipalities in South Africa. Unfortunately, not many tools exist to measure and monitor municipal service delivery effectively. Municipal managers and politicians require accurate information to ensure that their decisions are not based on emotions and assumptions but that the information with regards to municipal service delivery is accurate and relevant. Descriptions and terminology used to describe engineering services are sometimes complex and confusing. To aggravate the situation, technical and non-technical people seem unable to communicate effectively about township engineering services. The development of the Service Delivery Index is a helpful tool in providing decision makers with accurate information. The index translate engineering services and service delivery aspects into numerical data that can also be represented graphically. The Service Delivery Index for municipalities comprises four components of engineering services being delivered in residential areas. The components are infrastructure quality, delivery efficiency, access to services and affordability. Each component comprises specific elements that are measured on a regular basis such as payment levels, proportion of household income to service charges, service interruptions, response times to outages and service levels. Not only can services be measured and represented graphically, they can also be compared and over time to establish trends. Desegregation of the index is easy. The index system allows municipalities to provide service delivery information to communities effectively and transparently and in an easily comprehensible manner. Components of the index can also be linked to a GIS system to display different aspects of service delivery geographically. The index system in combination with services costs graphs can also be utilised to make instant and accurate assessments of upgrading costs for township services. The data used for the compilation of the index is normally readily available form Census data, financial statements and departmental job evaluation reports. The index also effectively addresses the issue of communication between technical and non-technical people with the aid of graphical presentations.