No description available.

A numerical and experimental investigation of the bending behavior of six eight-ply graphite-epoxy circular cylinders is presented. Bending is induced by applying a known end-rotation to each end of the cylinder, analogous to a beam in bending. The cylinders have a nominal radius of 6 inches, a length-to-radius ratio of 2 and 5, and a radius-to-thickness ratio of approximately 160. A [±45/0/90]S quasi-isotropic layup and two orthotropic layups, [±45/02]S and [±45/902]s, are studied. A geometrically nonlinear special-purpose analysis, based on Donnell's nonlinear shell equations, is developed to study the prebuckling responses and gain insight into the effects of non-ideal boundary conditions and initial geometric imperfections. A geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis is utilized to compare with the prebuckling solutions of the special-purpose analysis and to study the buckling and postbuckling responses of both geonletrically perfect and imperfect cylinders. The imperfect cylinder geometries are represented by an analytical approximation of the measured shape imperfections. Extensive experimental data are obtained from quasistatic tests of the cylinders using a test fixture specifically designed for the present investigation. A description of the test fixture is included. The experimental data are compared to predictions for both perfect and imperfect cylinder geometries. Prebuckling results are presented in the form of displacement and strain profiles. Buckling end-rotations, moments. and strains are reported, and predicted mode shapes are presented. Observed and predicted moment vs. end-rotation relations, deflection patterns. and strain profiles are illustrated for the postbuckling responses. It is found that a geometrically nonlinear boundary layer behavior characterizes the prebuckling responses. The boundary layer behavior is sensitive to laminate orthotropy, cylinder geometry, initial geometric imperfections, applied end-rotation, and non-ideal boundary conditions. Buckling end-rotations, strains, and moments are influenced by laminate orthotropy and initial geometric imperfections. Measured buckling results correlate well with predictions for the geometrically imperfect specimens. The postbuckling analyses predict equilibrium paths with a number of scallop-shaped branches that correspond to unique deflection patterns. The observed postbuckling deflection patterns and measured strain profiles show striking similarities to the predictions in some cases. Ultimate failure of the cylinders is attributed to an interlaminar shear failure mode along the nodal lines of the postbuckling deflection patterns. / Ph. D.

Bibliography: leaves 243-256. / xi, 258 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / In this thesis, time-independent thermoelastoplastic and time-dependent creep stress and damage analysis of thick-walled cylinders are investigated using incremental theory of plasticity in conjunction with improved material elastoplastic and creep constitutive models. The results are validated experimentally and numerically. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1996

The coupling resulting from the mutual influence of material thermal and mechanical parameters is examined in the thermal stress analysis of a long, hollow, multilayered, isotropic composite cylinder subjected to sudden axisymmetric external and internal temperature. The method of complex frequency response functions together with the Fourier transform technique is utilized. Because coupling parameters for some composite materials, such as carbon-carbon, are very small, the effect of coupling is neglected in the orthotropic thermal stress analysis. The stress distributions in long, hollow, multilayered orthotropic cylinders subjected to sudden axisymmetric temperature loading combined with dynamic pressure as well as asymmetric temperature loading are also obtained. The method of Fourier series together with Laplace transform is utilized in solving the heat conduction equation and thermal stress analysis. The inertial term is considered and the perturbation technique is applied to cylinders subjected to dynamic pressure loading. For brittle materials, like carbon-carbon composite, the strength variability is represented by two or three parameter Weibull distributions. The “weakest link" principle which takes into consideration both the applied stresses and the effected volume of material is used in the reliability analyses for both the isotropic and orthotropic carbon-carbon composite cylinders. The complex frequency response analysis is performed on a long hollow multilayed orthotropic cylinder under asymmetrical thermal load. Both deterministic and random thermal stress and reliability analyses can be based on the results of this frequency response analysis. The stress and displacement distributions and reliability of rocket motors under static or dynamic line loads are analyzed by an elasticity approach. Rocket motors are modeled as long hollow multilayered cylinders with an air core, a thick isotropic propellant inner layer and a thin orthotropic kevlar-epoxy case. The case is treated as a single orthotropic layer or a ten layered orthotropic structure. Five material properties and the load are treated as random variables with normal distributions when the reliability of the rocket motor is analyzed by the first-order, second-moment method (FOSM). / Ph. D. / incomplete_metadata

published_or_final_version / Mechanical Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

The problem of two-dimensional acoustic scattering of an incident plane wave by a semi-infinite lattice is solved. The problem is first considered for sound-soft cylinders whose size is small compared to the wavelength of the incident field. In this case the formulation leads to a scalar Wiener--Hopf equation, and this in turn is solved via the discrete Wiener--Hopf technique. We then deal with a more complex case which arises either by imposing Neumann boundary condition on the cylinders' surface or by increasing their radii. This gives rise to a matrix Wiener--Hopf equation, and we present a method of solution that does not require the explicit factorisation of the kernel. In both situations, a complete description of the far field is given and a conservation of energy condition is obtained. For certain sets of parameters (`pass bands'), a portion of the incident energy propagates through the lattice in the form of a Bloch wave. For other parameters (`stop bands' or `band gaps'), no such transmission is possible, and all of the incident field energy is reflected away from the lattice.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo experimental a respeito do fenômeno da biestabilidade em cilindros finitos com média razão de aspecto. Na biestabilidade, há uma esteira estreita a jusante de um dos cilindros e uma esteira larga a jusante do outro. Pode estar presente em muitas situações práticas da engenharia dependendo da distância entre os cilindros. Em cilindros finitos ainda é pouco compreendida e explorada. Para compreender o mecanismo do desprendimento de vórtices, são estudados o escoamento em torno de um único cilindro finito, com cilindros de diâmetros entre 25 e 60 mm e razão de aspecto entre 1 e 4 e após, o escoamento em torno de dois cilindros finitos dispostos lado a lado, com cilindros de diâmetros entre 25 e 32 mm e razão de aspecto entre 3 e 4. A técnica experimental aplicada consiste na medição das flutuações de velocidade em canal aerodinâmico, utilizando a técnica de anemometria de fio quente e na visualização do escoamento no mesmo canal, mantendo os parâmetros, utilizando gelo seco e laser. Além disso, foi realizada a visualização do escoamento em canal hidráulico com as mesmas dimensões do canal aerodinâmico, utilizando injeção de tinta através de agulhas. Para o estudo foram utilizados Re=2,00×104 para um cilindro finito e 3,86×103 ≤ Re ≤ 4,81×104 para cilindros finitos dispostos lado a lado. Os dados medidos em canal aerodinâmico são tratados através de ferramentas estatísticas, espectrais e de ondaletas, e os resultados das visualizações do escoamento são apresentados por meio de imagens obtidas das filmagens realizadas com uma câmera digital. Além disso, os vídeos são tratados com softwares de edição de vídeo e com ferramentas estatísticas. Os resultados confirmam a existência do fenômeno da biestabilidade para dois cilindros finitos dispostos lado a lado, que é um dos objetivos do estudo, nas três posições estudadas. A técnica de visualização de escoamento reforça a interpretação dos resultados obtidos através da técnica de anemometria de fio quente. Neste trabalho é considerada a existência de três escoamentos concomitantes: o escoamento ascendente, caracterizado pela estrutura de vórtices na base; o escoamento descendente, caracterizado pela estrutura de vórtices no topo; e o aqui chamado escoamento principal, caracterizado pelo desprendimento de vórtices a meia altura dos cilindros. / This work presents an experimental study on the bistability phenomenon in finite cylinders with a mid-aspect ratio. In the bistability phenomenon the flow to form two wakes behind the cylinders, a large wake behind a cylinder and a narrow wake after another. It can be present in many practical engineering situations depending on the distance between the cylinders. In finite cylinders, it is still poorly understood and explored. To understand the vortex shedding mechanism are studied the flow in a single finite cylinder with diameters between 25 and 60 mm and aspect ratio between 1 and 4 is studied. After that, the flow of two finite cylinders placed side by side with cylinders of diameters between 25 and 32 mm and aspect ratio between 3 and 4 was studied. The experimental technique of hot wire anemometry in aerodynamic channel is applied in the measurement of velocity fluctuations of the flow. The flow visualization was performed on the same aerodynamic channel, keeping the parameters, through using dry ice and laser. In addition, flow visualization is performed on the hydraulic channel with the same dimensions of the aerodynamic channel using ink injection through needles. All images are captured with a camera digital. For the study, Re=2.00×104 for a finite cylinder and 3.86×103 ≤ Re ≤ 4.81×104 for finite cylinders arranged side by side were used. The data measured in aerodynamic channel are treated through statistics, spectral and wavelet tools and the videos are treated through video editing software and with statistical tools. The results show the existence of two different levels of mean velocity in time series, corresponding to two flow modes confirming the phenomenon of bistability for two finite cylinders placed side by side, which is one of the objectives of the study. The flow visualization technique strengthens the interpretation of the results obtained through the hot wire anemometer technique. In this work the existence of three concomitant flows is considered: the upwash flow, characterized by the vortex structure in the base; the downwash flow, characterized by the vortex structure at the top; and the so-called main flow, characterized by the vortex shedding at half height of the cylinders.

This paper introduces the background concepts necessary to develop a detailed proof of a theorem by Ralph H. Fox which states that two topological spaces are the same homotopy type if and only if both are deformation retracts of a third space, the mapping cylinder. The concepts of homotopy and deformation are introduced in chapter 2, and retraction and deformation retract are defined in chapter 3. Chapter 4 develops the idea of the mapping cylinder, and the proof is completed. Three special cases are examined in chapter 5.

Abstract not available

The possibility and feasibility of experimental detection of localized defects in tubes using laser-induced ultrasonic wave approach through Thermo Acousto Photonic Non Destructive Evaluation (TAP-NDE) and Signal processing through wavelet transform is examined in this research. Guided waves in cylindrical surfaces provide solutions for detection of different defects in the material. Several experiments were conducted to this respect. Wave propagation in both axial and circumferential directions was studied. The dispersive wave propagation of ultrasonic waves in hollow cylinders has been investigated experimentally, primarily for use in non-contact and nondestructive inspections of pipes and tubes. The laser ultrasonic waves propagated in cylindrical waveguides are particularly attractive because of their unique characteristics in the applications of nondestructive evaluation (NDE). Contrary to studies making use of only axially symmetric guided waves in hollow cylinders, here are analyzed also nonaxisymmetric waves. The analysis of data is made by using the Gabor wavelet transform. The capability of modeling the guided wave dispersion in hollow cylinders is used in developing guided wave experimental techniques for flaw detection. Good agreement was obtained when comparing the dispersion spectra between theory and experimentation. Measurement of group velocities of guided waves, which are obtained directly from the wavelet transform coefficients, can be used to determine allocation and sizing of flaws.