While there have been several rich studies that have provided insight into the teachings of Xenophon that emerge from a careful reading of the Cyropaedia, the problem of reconciling the apparent good rule of Cyrus with the ruin of his empire persists. I argue that this problem can be reconciled by focusing on the problem that Xenophon initially informs us he is interested in, political stability.

Nossa investigação explora a possibilidade de o tema da paideia ser um eixo comum em torno do qual se articulam os textos de Xenofonte de Atenas, autor do século IV a.C. Julgamos que essa perspectiva se justifica em razão da importância que esse autor atribui à construção de retratos de homens paradigmáticos. Ilustramos esse procedimento com a análise do retrato que o próprio Xenofonte constrói para si, na Anabase. É sobretudo a partir da análise desses retratos que podemos ver, em Xenofonte, a discussão do tema da paideia. Os estudos que aqui empreendemos concentram-se no tema da paideia do governante. Nesse horizonte, oferecemos uma possível leitura para o retrato daquele que o autor considera a contrafacção do governante ideal, o tirano Hierão, de diálogo homônimo. Por fim, ocupamo-nos dos elementos que compõem o retrato xenofôntico do governante paradigmático, Ciro, o velho, da Ciropédia. / Our research explores the possibility of the theme of paideia as a common axis around which are articulated the texts of Xenophon of Athens, author of the fourth century BC. We believe that this perspective is justified because of the importance this author gives to the construction of portraits of paradigmatic men. We illustrate this procedure with the analysis of the portrait which Xenophon builds for himself in the Anabasis. It is mainly based on the analysis of such portraits that we can see, in Xenophon, the discussion on the theme of paideia. The studies undertaken here focus on the theme of the ruler\'s paideia. In this horizon, we offer a possible reading for the portrait of the man the author considers the counterfeiting of the ideal ruler, the tyrant Hiero, in the corresponding dialogue. Finally we deal with the elements that make up the portrait of Xenophons paradigmatic ruler, Cyrus the Great, of the Cyropaedia.

Nossa investigação explora a possibilidade de o tema da paideia ser um eixo comum em torno do qual se articulam os textos de Xenofonte de Atenas, autor do século IV a.C. Julgamos que essa perspectiva se justifica em razão da importância que esse autor atribui à construção de retratos de homens paradigmáticos. Ilustramos esse procedimento com a análise do retrato que o próprio Xenofonte constrói para si, na Anabase. É sobretudo a partir da análise desses retratos que podemos ver, em Xenofonte, a discussão do tema da paideia. Os estudos que aqui empreendemos concentram-se no tema da paideia do governante. Nesse horizonte, oferecemos uma possível leitura para o retrato daquele que o autor considera a contrafacção do governante ideal, o tirano Hierão, de diálogo homônimo. Por fim, ocupamo-nos dos elementos que compõem o retrato xenofôntico do governante paradigmático, Ciro, o velho, da Ciropédia. / Our research explores the possibility of the theme of paideia as a common axis around which are articulated the texts of Xenophon of Athens, author of the fourth century BC. We believe that this perspective is justified because of the importance this author gives to the construction of portraits of paradigmatic men. We illustrate this procedure with the analysis of the portrait which Xenophon builds for himself in the Anabasis. It is mainly based on the analysis of such portraits that we can see, in Xenophon, the discussion on the theme of paideia. The studies undertaken here focus on the theme of the ruler\'s paideia. In this horizon, we offer a possible reading for the portrait of the man the author considers the counterfeiting of the ideal ruler, the tyrant Hiero, in the corresponding dialogue. Finally we deal with the elements that make up the portrait of Xenophons paradigmatic ruler, Cyrus the Great, of the Cyropaedia.

Ο πρωταρχικός σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει, έτσι όπως προβάλλεται από τον Ξενοφώντα, το πορτρέτο του ιδεατού ηγέτη που ενσαρκώνεται στο πρόσωπο δύο σημαντικών πολιτικών και στρατιωτικών προσωπικοτήτων, του Κύρου και του Αγησιλάου και δευτερευόντως να εντοπίσει τις λογοτεχνικές τεχνικές που ακολούθησε ο Ξενοφών. Κύριο αντικείμενο εστίασης της ερευνητικής διαδικασίας αποτέλεσαν τα ομώνυμα έργα του Ξενοφώντα, "Κύρου Παιδεία" και "Αγησίλαος". Από τη μία, ο Κύρος προβάλλεται ως παράδειγμα για μίμηση. Η ανάγκη για ένα τέτοιο μοντέλο προκύπτει από την άποψη του Ξενοφώντα πως χωρίς να ενσαρκώσει ο ηγέτης τα υψηλότερα ιδανικά πρότυπα ηθικής δεν υπάρχει ελπίδα βελτίωσης των θλιβερών και συγκεχυμένων συνθηκών της ανθρώπινης ζωής. Έτσι ο Κύρος, όπως προβάλλεται από τον Ξενοφώντα, εμφορείται από υψηλές αξίες∙ οι αξίες αυτές σε συνδυασμό με τη δύναμη, την πειθαρχία, το σθένος του, τόσο σε ηθικό όσο και σε ψυχικό επίπεδο, τον καθιστούν πρότυπο ανθρώπινης αρετής και τελειότητας. Από την άλλη και στον "Αγησίλαο" ο Ξενοφών επαινεί τον φερώνυμο βασιλιά για τις αρετές του και τα κατορθώματά του προβάλλοντας τον ως πρότυπο μίμησης. Ο Αγησίλαος επιδιώκει την αρετή, γίνεται πρότυπο αρετής και ευεργετεί την πατρίδα του σε κάθε περίσταση ακόμα και σε μεγάλη ηλικία. Αυτό που κυρίως θα εξάρει ο Ξενοφών είναι η σοφία του Αγησιλάου, ο οποίος επιθυμούσε να κερδίζει την εθελούσια υπακοή των Λακεδαιμονίων στρατιωτών και στο τέλος κέρδιζε και την αγάπη τους. / The prior purpose of the present assignment is to present, as depicted by Xenophon, the portrait of the ideal leader that is illustrated in the face of two significant political and military personalities, Cyrus and Agesilaus and secondly to detect the literature techniques followed by Xenophon. The major aims of the research procedure are the homonymous writings of Xenophon, "Cyropaedia" and "Agesilaus". On the one hand, Cyrus is portrayed as example for imitation. The need for such a model comes from Xenophon’s belief that without the leader animating the highest ethical ideals there is no hope of improvement of the depressing and confusing conditions of the human life. In that way Cyrus, as it is depicted by Xenophon, is actuated by great values; these values combined with his strength, discipline and courage on a moral and spiritual level, make him a model of human virtue and perfection. Likewise, in "Agesilaus" Xenophon praises the so-called king for his qualities and his accomplishments projecting him as a figure to follow. Agesilaus pursues virtue, becomes a paragon of virtue and benefits his country in every circumstance even at an old age. Xenophon mainly commends Agesilaus for his wisdom. Agesilaus wished to win the voluntary obedience of the Spartan soldiers and in the end he earned their love as well.

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