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Characterisation of caspase- 14 in the human placenta : evidence for trophoblast-specific inhibition of differentiation by caspase- 14White, Lloyd January 2009 (has links)
[Truncated abstract] The placenta forms a barrier regulating the transfer of gases, nutrients and wastes between the mother and the developing conceptus, and also produces hormones affecting both the fetus and the mother. This barrier is formed by the differentiation of the outer layer of the blastocyst- the trophoblast- to facilitate implantation and subsequent invasion of the uterus. The trophoblast consists of an underlying proliferative pool of cytotrophoblasts, which differentiate to replenish the overlying continuous, multi-nucleated syncytiotrophoblast that forms the barrier between the mother and fetus. Moreover, the location of the syncytiotrophoblast directly in contact with the maternal circulation suggests an endothelial role for the trophoblast regulating blood flow, thrombosis and immune cell adhesion. Disruption to the function of the human trophoblast may result in preeclampsia, a maternally manifested disorder of pregnancy characterised by hypertension and proteinurea. Blood flow to preeclamptic placentae is reduced and the cytotrophoblast pool is diminished; however the exact cause (or causes) remains elusive. Many potential causes are hypothesised, including endothelial damage, premature remodelling of maternal spiral arteries, increased oxidative stress and impaired trophoblast differentiation and apoptosis. Caspase-14 is an unusual caspase in that it is not involved in apoptosis. Furthermore, it possesses a limited, predominantly epithelial, tissue distribution. In the epidermis, caspase-14 is expressed in the apical differentiating layers. Here it cleaves profilaggrin to stabilise intracellular keratin intermediate filaments, and indirectly provides natural hydration and UV protection to the corneocytes. Thus, caspase-14 is vital to the maintenance of the barrier function of the skin. ... As differentiation-associated genes were elevated in the absence of caspase-14, this implies that caspase-14 suppresses biochemical trophoblast differentiation. The cytoskeletal keratin network was also examined following RNA Interference. The synthesis of cytokeratin 18 was significantly enhanced after caspase-14 suppression during BeWo differentiation, linking caspase-14 with keratin homeostasis. Therefore caspase-14 suppresses trophoblast differentiation, potentially through modulation of the cytoskeletal keratin filament network. The precise mechanism remains to be elucidated, however the identification of pathways regulated by caspase-14 advances our knowledge of trophoblast differentiation and potential causes of disorders of pregnancy. In summary, caspase-14 appears to be involved in the suppression of differentiation in the human trophoblast. As disorders of pregnancy such as preeclampsia often feature disturbed differentiation and a diminished cytotrophoblast pool, a greater understanding of caspase-14 biology in the human placenta could lead potential therapies for various disorders of pregnancy.
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Modulation of T-type Ca²⁺ channels in nociceptive neurons by reducing agents : cellular and molecular mechanisms /Nelson, Michael Todd. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online through Digital Dissertations.
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Inborn errors in the metabolism of glutathione /Ristoff, Ellinor, January 2002 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
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Analysis and manipulation of autoreactive and tumor-specific T cell responses /Petrovic, Jelena, January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Characterisation of two endogenous mammalian cysteine proteinase inhibitors, bovine cystatin C and human cystatin A /Olsson, Sigrid-Lisa, January 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Studies on molecular properties and functional regulation of terminal leukotriene C₄ synthases and cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor signalling in human endothelium /Schröder, Oliver, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Functional role of recombinant cysteine protease on Spodoptera frugiperda peritrophic matrixMohan, Srinidi, January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Mississippi State University. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.
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Electrogenic Na/Bicarbonate cotransporter (NBCE1) variants expressed in Xenopus oocytes protein regions involved in function, expression, and ion translocation /McAlear, Suzanne D. January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed on June 25, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.
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Biochemical characterization of the activity and specificity of ULP1 family membersChosed, Renee Joanna. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2006. / Partial embargo. Vita. Bibliography: 128-131.
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Nitric oxide signaling and cysteine protease activity in the modulation of abiotic stress responses in soybean and maizeBilibana, Mawethu Pascoe 24 November 2010 (has links)
Thesis (MSc (Plant Biotechnology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ABSTRACT: Nitric Oxide (NO) is an essential bioregulatory molecule in plant growth, development,
and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In legume root nodules, abiotic stresses
impose restraint on metabolic capacity of bacteria and cause oxidative damage to cellular
macromolecules, leading to inhibition of nitrogenase activity. In this study, the primary
aim was to determine the influence of NO signaling on cysteine protease activity in
soybean (Glycine. max [L] Merr) root nodules. Intact plants were treated with a NO
donor, diethylenetriamine/nitric oxide adjunct (DETA/NO), 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-[CPT]-
cGMP, sorbitol and sodium chloride (NaCl). The root nodule cysteine protease activity
was measured using the chromogenic substrate N-benzoil-L-p-nitroanilide (L-BAPNA).
The results demonstrated NO as acting both as a protection against programmed cell
death (PCD) at low exogenously applied NO concentrations, or as inducing PCD through
regulating the cysteine proteases activity in root nodules when NO is applied at elevated
concentrations. In the root nodules, the activity of cysteine protease is regulated either
through cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent during abiotic stress or
cGMP-independent pathways during normal root nodule development. The purpose of
this research was to highlight the importance of NO in cell signaling and cysteine
protease activity in legume root nodules. We also focused on the effect of abiotic stress
on two maize genotypes as well as the influence of abiotic stress on cysteine protease
activity in the abiotic stress-sensitive maize genotype than the tolerant genotype. The
study suggests that cysteine protease activity can be used as early screen to identify
abiotic stress-sensitive/tolerant maize genotype upon exposure to abiotic stress. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen Afrikaanse opsomming beskikbaar. / National Research Foundation
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