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O Brasil está adotando políticas agrícolas, florestais e ambientais, como o Novo Código Florestal e o Acordo de Paris sobre Mudança Climática, com base no pressuposto de que o aumento da produtividade da pecuária irá liberar terras para expandir a produção agrícola, diminuir a pressão do desmatamento, contribuir para a recomposição florestal, e reduzir emissões de gases do efeito estufa provenientes de mudanças do uso do solo. Um modelo computável de equilíbrio geral, denominado TERM-BR, configurado, desenhado e desenvolvido para a economia brasileira foi utilizado para simular os impactos resultantes da redução do hiato de produtividade da pecuária de corte no Brasil, que foi calculado com dados recentes da pecuária produzidos a partir de técnicas de geoprocessamento. Verificou-se que a intensificação da pecuária realmente libera terras para agricultura e evita desmatamento futuro na região da Amazônia e Cerrado, e libera terras para produção agrícola nos demais locais do país, ainda que não tenha implicações sobre suas áreas de florestas, que já estão definidas e consolidadas. Constatou-se também que o aumento da produtividade da pecuária contribui para diminuir as emissões do setor agrícola e florestal, devido a mudanças do uso do solo que favorecem a redução do desmatamento futuro, no entanto essa política eleva o total de emissões da economia brasileira, pois impulsiona a atividade econômica. / Brazil is adopting agricultural, environmental, and forest policies, like the New Forest Code and the Paris Climate Agreement, based on the hypothesis that the increase of cattle productivity will release land for agricultural production, contribute for forest recover, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions derived from land use change. A computable general equilibrium model, named TERM-BR, designed and developed for the Brazilian economy, was employed to simulate the impacts produced by closing the cattle yield gap, which was estimated with recent data generated by geoprocessing methods. Indeed, it was verified that the intensification of cattle raising can release additional land for agriculture, it is able to avoid future deforestation in the Amazon and Brazilian Savanna, and at the same time it also releases land for agricultural production in other places of the country, but without consequences for its forests, since their areas already are well delimited and consolidated. It was also verified that the increase of cattle productivity contributes to reduce emissions in the agricultural and forest sectors, due to land use change that help to diminish future deforestation, however this policy enhances the total emissions of the Brazilian economy, because it increases economic activity.

This dissertation, presented in the form of a grant application, intends to deliver a technique for decreasing the pervasive achievement gap between White and Latino students. Specifically, the aim of the proposal is to identify and implement a school-embedded, family-centered intervention designed to address the local values and concerns of a southern Oregon Latino population. Latino students face unique acculturation stressors under the current U.S. system that create academic difficulties, place strain on familial relationships, and put students at greater risk for problem behavior. In addition, barriers in the U.S. school system present challenges for recently immigrated Latino parents to participate within the school. When embedded in schools, family-centered interventions addressing the needs of Latino students will strengthen the parent-child-teacher relationship and create support structures across family and school social systems to help decrease the achievement gap and produce positive academic and behavioral results. The research approach includes both qualitative and quantitative methods. Initially, a systematic process derived from a model of evidence-based practice will be used to determine a locally-appropriate family-centered intervention for implementation in an educational context with a southern Oregon Latino population. After the selection of an appropriate family-centered intervention, a pilot randomized control trial will be employed to gather data on preliminary outcome measures, including intervention feasibility, fidelity, and effects of the intervention on parents and students. Finally, project results will be disseminated to key stakeholders and funding options for larger efficacy studies will be explored. Three outcomes will result from this project: (1) identification and selection of a locally-appropriate, evidence-based, family-centered intervention for use in a southern Oregon educational context with the Latino population; (2) pilot research to determine the feasibility, implementation fidelity, and initial program effects on student and parenting outcomes; and (3) dissemination of project results and exploration of options for funding intervention efficacy research.

O Brasil está adotando políticas agrícolas, florestais e ambientais, como o Novo Código Florestal e o Acordo de Paris sobre Mudança Climática, com base no pressuposto de que o aumento da produtividade da pecuária irá liberar terras para expandir a produção agrícola, diminuir a pressão do desmatamento, contribuir para a recomposição florestal, e reduzir emissões de gases do efeito estufa provenientes de mudanças do uso do solo. Um modelo computável de equilíbrio geral, denominado TERM-BR, configurado, desenhado e desenvolvido para a economia brasileira foi utilizado para simular os impactos resultantes da redução do hiato de produtividade da pecuária de corte no Brasil, que foi calculado com dados recentes da pecuária produzidos a partir de técnicas de geoprocessamento. Verificou-se que a intensificação da pecuária realmente libera terras para agricultura e evita desmatamento futuro na região da Amazônia e Cerrado, e libera terras para produção agrícola nos demais locais do país, ainda que não tenha implicações sobre suas áreas de florestas, que já estão definidas e consolidadas. Constatou-se também que o aumento da produtividade da pecuária contribui para diminuir as emissões do setor agrícola e florestal, devido a mudanças do uso do solo que favorecem a redução do desmatamento futuro, no entanto essa política eleva o total de emissões da economia brasileira, pois impulsiona a atividade econômica. / Brazil is adopting agricultural, environmental, and forest policies, like the New Forest Code and the Paris Climate Agreement, based on the hypothesis that the increase of cattle productivity will release land for agricultural production, contribute for forest recover, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions derived from land use change. A computable general equilibrium model, named TERM-BR, designed and developed for the Brazilian economy, was employed to simulate the impacts produced by closing the cattle yield gap, which was estimated with recent data generated by geoprocessing methods. Indeed, it was verified that the intensification of cattle raising can release additional land for agriculture, it is able to avoid future deforestation in the Amazon and Brazilian Savanna, and at the same time it also releases land for agricultural production in other places of the country, but without consequences for its forests, since their areas already are well delimited and consolidated. It was also verified that the increase of cattle productivity contributes to reduce emissions in the agricultural and forest sectors, due to land use change that help to diminish future deforestation, however this policy enhances the total emissions of the Brazilian economy, because it increases economic activity.

Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de la diffraction avec le détecteur ATLAS au LHC. Après une brève introduction a la physique diffractive incluant la diffraction dure et molle, nous présenterons la production d'évènements "Jet-Gap-Jet" qui est particulirement intéressante pour tester les équations d'évolution de la Chromodynamique Quantique de Balitski Fadin Kuraev Lipatov. En utilisant des coupures permettant de sélectionner ce signal et une définition du "gap" basée sur la reconstruction des traces dans le détecteur interne d'ATLAS, nous observons un signal clair d'évènements "Jet-Gap-Jet" dans les données. A partir d'une taille de "demi-gap" de 0.8, les données ne peuvent pas être décrites de manière correcte en utilisant l'échantillon Monte Carlo des données de jets sans gap. Nous prouvons également que la production d'évènements "Jet-gap-Jet" avec les deux protons détectes dans AFP permet de réaliser un test propre de la théorie BFKL avec une luminosité de 300 pb-1. Dans la derniere partie de la these, nous presentons la production exclusive de jets et de pi+pi-. Apres la selection des donnes, le rapport signal sur bruit est de l'ordre de 5/9 (1/13) pour µ = 23 (46). Pour une luminosite integree respective de 40(300) fb-1 (pour un "pile-up" de 23(46)), cette mesure permettra d'etablir des contraintes sur les modeles theoriques dix fois plus precises qu'actuellement. La mesure de la production exclusive de pions en utilisant le detecteur ALFA permet de contraindre egalement les modeles exclusifs. Nous avons montre que les donnees accumulees par ALFA suffiront deja pour mesurer la section efficace de production et pour etudier differentes distributions comme la masse invariante du systeme pion-pion. / The thesis is devoted to the study of diffractive physics with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. After a short introduction to diffractive physics including soft and hard diffraction, we discuss Jet-Gap-Jet production at the LHC which is particularly interesting for testing the Balitski Fadin Kuraev Lipatov QCD evolution equation. Using the signal selection requirements and a gap definition based on tracks reconstructed in the ATLAS Inner Detector, we observe a clear signal of Jet-Gap-Jet events in the data. Starting from the half-gap size of 0.8 the data cannot be properly described using only the Jet Monte Carlo sample without gaps. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DPE JGJ production, with both protons tagged in the AFP stations, should provide a significant test of the BFKL theory, once the 300 pb−1 of integrated luminosity is collected. In the last part of the thesis, we discussed the processes of Central Exclusive Jet and Exclusive π+π− production. After the data selection, the signal to background ratio is found to be of about 5/9 (1/13) for < μ >= 23 (46). For a collected integrated luminosity of 40(300) fb−1 (for pile-up of 23(46)) this measurement will deliver ten times better constraints on the theoretical models than the most recent ones. The additional measurement of exclusive pion production, relying on the use of the ALFA stations, allows to constrain further the exclusive models. We demonstrated that a data sample collected by the ALFA detectors should be sufficient to measure the cross sectionand to study various distributions, especially the invariant mass of the pion-pion system.

Previous research has indicated that married persons report experiencing greater happiness than cohabitating persons (e.g., Stack & Eshleman, 1998). Lee and Ono (2012) conducted a cross-national analysis to compare overall happiness between married and cohabiting couples in different cultural contexts and found the "happiness gap" increased as society became less gender-egalitarian and as the role of religion increased. The current study sought to consider how race and ethnicity might serve as a cultural context within the United States (US) by investigating the differences in relationship satisfaction between married and cohabiting couples by testing two hypotheses. First, it was expected that married couples would have higher relationship satisfaction than cohabitating couples. Secondly, it was expected that the effect of marital status on relationship satisfaction would vary with race/ethnicity. To address these hypotheses, data was taken from the Married and Cohabitating Couples dataset from the National Center for Family & Marriage Research (NCFMR). The data set includes information from 752 married and 323 cohabitating heterosexual couples, from18-64 years of age. Of these individuals, 80.5% were White/Non-Hispanic, 5.0% Black/Non-Hispanic, 4.9% Other/Non-Hispanic, 7.8% Hispanic, and 1.8% 2+Races/Non-Hispanic. A single survey item from the NCFMR study served as the dependent variable in the present study. Participants were asked: "To what extent do you agree with the following statement: Our relationship has changed for the worse”. This item was intended as a measure of relationship satisfaction by determining the relationship between the responses to this item and responses to demographic items about race/ethnicity and marital status. A two way, independent ANOVA analysis found a non-significant main effect of marital status on the respondents’ view of the relationship, F(1, 2070) = .564, p = .453, = 0, a non-significant main effect of race/ethnicity on the respondents view of the relationship, F(4, 2070) = .984, p = .415, = 0 , and a significant interaction between marital status and race/ethnicity, F( 4, 2070) = 2.582. p = .036, = .003. A simple effects analysis was conducted and among White, non-Hispanic respondents, the view of the relationship was more negative among the cohabitating group than among the married group (p < 0.01). However, the view of the relationship was similar for married and cohabitating couples among Black, non-Hispanic (p = .279), Other non-Hispanic (p = .836), Hispanic (p = .533), and 2+Races, non-Hispanic (p = .127). The findings suggest there is no difference between married and cohabitating couple's relationship satisfaction. However, there was a statistically significant difference in relationship satisfaction between married and cohabitating couples in the White, non-Hispanic group but not in the other racial and ethnic groups. The findings of this study should be interpreted with caution as there was a large difference in sample size among the racial and ethnicity groups, decreasing the reliability of the results. Understanding how marital status and race/ethnicity influence relationship satisfaction has important practical implications for relationship education programs such as ensuring that content presented is culturally relevant to diverse groups. Additional limitations and implications will be addressed in the presentation.

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abstract: 现今的理论研究及实践表明，供应链上各个企业进行协调运作的基础是节点企业间有效信息进行高效传递。但供应链上下游企业在合作过程中通常存在信息不完全对称现象、牛鞭效应等问题，供应链中信息传递的实时性及真实性受到较大影响，这也是导致供应链管理整体效率不高的原因之一。因此，供应链伙伴间信息共享问题已是国内外学者普遍关注的焦点。本文旨在针对目前我国家居供应链企业间信息沟通不畅、信息共享不充分的问题及其理论研究的不足，来开展针对影响家居供应链企业间信息共享因素的实证研究。本文基于家居供应链这一特殊的行业供应链，建立基于家居供应链企业间信息共享关键影响因素理论模型，通过实证方法来寻找影响供应链企业间信息共享的关键因素及其具体影响程度。 在已有文献的基础上，本文提出信任、共同愿景、信息技术能力、渠道权力结构与信息共享间影响关系的概念模型，并对长三角及珠三角地区家居供应链经销商企业进行问卷调查研究。最后在回收的 164 份有效问卷基础上通过数据分析来验证假设。研究结果显示：(1)不论是家居工厂与经销商间还是家居卖场与经销商间，信任对共享信息的内容和质量都有显著正向影响。(2)家居工厂与经销商间的共同愿景对彼此间信息共享内容有显著正向影响作用，但对信息共享质量作用不明显。而家居卖场与经销商间的共同愿景对信息共享的内容和质量都有正向影响作用。(3)经销商的信息技术能力对双方间信息共享的内容和质量都有显著影响，同时，还能促进家居工厂与经销商之间的信任，间接影响双方的信息共享程度。(4) 家居卖场与经销商间的渠道权力对双方间的信任程度有显著影响，而对双方间的信息共享没有直接影响。 本研究主要研究贡献在于：发现影响家居供应链信息共享的关键因素，弥补了现有文献对中国供应链企业信息共享影响因素研究的不足，特别聚焦于家居供应链；从供应链上下游整体角度出发，探讨了中国情境下信任、共同愿景、信息技术能力和渠道权力结构与信息共享之间的作用机理。 / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2019

The prevailing view is that enhancement of dopamine (DA) transmission in the mesolimbic system leads to the rewarding properties of alcohol. The mesolimbic DA system, which plays an important role in regulating reward and addiction, consists of DA neurons in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) that innervate the nucleus accumbens (NAc). It is believed that VTA DA neurons are inhibited by local gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons that express connexin-36 (Cx36) gap junctions (GJs). We have previously demonstrated that blocking Cx36 GJs suppresses electrical coupling between VTA GABA neurons and reduces ethanol intoxication and consumption suggesting that electrical coupling between mature VTA GABA neurons underlies the rewarding properties of ethanol. The aim of this study was to further investigate the role of VTA GABA neurons expressing Cx36 GJs in regulating DA neuron activity and release and mediating ethanol effects on VTA GABA neurons. To this end, we customized a Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) viral vector to target VTA GABA neurons expressing Cx36 GJs in order to chemogenetically modulate their activity. In order to more conclusively demonstrate the role of this sub population of VTA GABA neurons in regulating DA neural activity and release we used electrophysiology to characterize the electrical changes that occur in VTA DA and GABA neurons when Cx36-expressing VTA GABA cells were selectively activated. In addition, we evaluated the effects of activation of VTA GABA neurons on brain stimulation reward and alcohol consumption in ethanol naive and dependent mice. Results indicate that there are two populations of GABA neurons in the VTA, one that is GAD65+/Cx36+ and one that is GAD67+/Cx36-. Activation of Cx36+ VTA GABA neurons by clozapine-n-oxide (CNO) in mice injected with Gq DREADD activated VTA DA neurons and subsequent DA release in the NAc, suggesting that Cx36-containing GABA neurons are inhibiting non-Cx36 GABA neurons to disinhibit DA neurons. In hM3Dq animals, CNO administration provided a rewarding stimulus in the conditioned pace preference paradigm, and reduced consumption in the drink-in-the-dark ethanol consumption paradigm in dependent and naïve mice. A better understanding of the circuitry of the mesolimbic DA system is key to understanding the mechanisms that lead to addiction and may ultimately lead to improved therapies for substance abuse.

The prevailing view is that enhancement of dopamine (DA) transmission in the mesolimbic system leads to the rewarding properties of alcohol. The mesolimbic DA system, which plays an important role in regulating reward and addiction, consists of DA neurons in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) that innervate the nucleus accumbens (NAc). It is believed that VTA DA neurons are inhibited by local gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons that express connexin-36 (Cx36) gap junctions (GJs). We have previously demonstrated that blocking Cx36 GJs suppresses electrical coupling between VTA GABA neurons and reduces ethanol intoxication and consumption suggesting that electrical coupling between mature VTA GABA neurons underlies the rewarding properties of ethanol. The aim of this study was to further investigate the role of VTA GABA neurons expressing Cx36 GJs in regulating DA neuron activity and release and mediating ethanol effects on VTA GABA neurons. To this end, we customized a Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) viral vector to target VTA GABA neurons expressing Cx36 GJs in order to chemogenetically modulate their activity. In order to more conclusively demonstrate the role of this sub population of VTA GABA neurons in regulating DA neural activity and release we used electrophysiology to characterize the electrical changes that occur in VTA DA and GABA neurons when Cx36-expressing VTA GABA cells were selectively activated. In addition, we evaluated the effects of activation of VTA GABA neurons on brain stimulation reward and alcohol consumption in ethanol naive and dependent mice. Results indicate that there are two populations of GABA neurons in the VTA, one that is GAD65+/Cx36+ and one that is GAD67+/Cx36-. Activation of Cx36+ VTA GABA neurons by clozapine-n-oxide (CNO) in mice injected with Gq DREADD activated VTA DA neurons and subsequent DA release in the NAc, suggesting that Cx36-containing GABA neurons are inhibiting non-Cx36 GABA neurons to disinhibit DA neurons. In hM3Dq animals, CNO administration provided a rewarding stimulus in the conditioned pace preference paradigm, and reduced consumption in the drink-in-the-dark ethanol consumption paradigm in dependent and naïve mice. A better understanding of the circuitry of the mesolimbic DA system is key to understanding the mechanisms that lead to addiction and may ultimately lead to improved therapies for substance abuse.