Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-15T19:46:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 468722 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1230126 bytes, checksum: 45679926e59fba17cb7e39823a47daf0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T19:46:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 468722 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1230126 bytes, checksum: 45679926e59fba17cb7e39823a47daf0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / Benthic macroinvertebrates occupy a critical position in the food chain, since they are responsible for the exchange of energy between basal resources and higher trophic levels. In order to analyze the physiological behavior of the species throughout the year, we collected 69 individuals of Parastacus brasiliensis promatensis in the central month of each season. The animals collected were measured for carapace length, taking as a criterion the minimum value for capture 20mm after hemolymph were removed in medium containing 10% potassium oxalate (anticoagulant) and left on ice for 24 hours to use only plasma in the analyzes. After capturing the animals were sacrificed by Cryoanesthesia. A water sample from Garapi? stream (San Francisco de Paula, RS) for analysis of physical and chemical parameters was collected. In laboratory subjects were weighed on the total weight and tissue weight to determine the rates of gastric fullness and hepatossomatic, in both genders, and gonadosomatic only in females; as well as the degree of gastric fullness. In the hemolymph were quantified by spectrophotometry proteins, lactate, lipids, triglycerides, glycerol, glucose, cholesterol, VLDL e HDL and glucose. Also analyzed the behavior of three antioxidant enzymes, which were superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione s-transferase; as well as a cellular damage measure (lipid peroxidation), in order to describe the oxidative status of this subspecies in different seasons. These analyzes were performed by spectrophotometric methods, gills, in hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle for both genders and in the gonads in females. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni or Kruska-Wallis followed by Dunn (17.0 SPSS- or Bioestat). The statistical analysis indicated that there was difference between IH and IG of females throughout the study period. In the spring (reproductive peak) observed an increase in the IG and reduced IH, suggesting allocation of energy hepatopancreas reserves to the gonads; hypothesis reinforced by the analysis of IH in males, where there was no significant difference. Gastric index showed a reduction (p <0.05) in both sexes, in winter which combined with a decrease in ambient temperature and blood glucose control suggest a decreased metabolic rate and habitat exploitation, with possible use of endogenous reserves; combined with a decrease in glycerol and protein in the autumn transition to winter. Both genders showed differences (p <0.5) for lactate levels, as levels possibly linking up with low dissolved oxygen content (3,31 mg / l) in the summer. There was also a significant increase across the lipid chain in both sexes but more pronounced in females in the period corresponding to the apex of reproduction, and the probable cause reproductive preparation directly or increased energy expenditure in this situation. As for oxidative stress, the results suggest that females have a large energy expenditure in protecting the gonadal tissue, especially in the spring (playback apex) while maintaining a high degree of GST enzyme activity, together with the lesser extent of cellular damage when compared with the other tissues. As for the males lipid peroxidation level was higher in the spring, in all tissues. However, the gill tissue proved unable to increase antioxidant activity, and only the muscle and hepatopancreas were able to increase the enzymatic defense in the spring. We can conclude that seasonal factors clearly influence the biological cycle of P. brasiliensis promatensis and demand adjustments in the oxidative balance, requiring a greater demand of enzymatic antioxidant defenses and of the metabolic system. / Os macroinvertebrados bent?nicos ocupam uma posi??o cr?tica na cadeia alimentar, uma vez que eles s?o respons?veis pela troca de energia entre os recursos basais e os n?veis tr?ficos superiores. Com o objetivo de analisar o comportamento fisiol?gico do lagostim Parastacus brasiliensis promatensis ao longo do ano, foram coletados 69 indiv?duos no m?s central de cada esta??o do ano. Os animais coletados foram medidos quanto ao comprimento de cefalot?rax, tendo como crit?rio o valor m?nimo 20 mm para captura, ap?s tiveram a hemolinfa retirada em meio contendo oxalato de pot?ssio 10% (anticoagulante) e deixadas em banho de gelo por 24 horas para utiliza??o apenas do plasma nas an?lises. Ap?s a captura os animais foram sacrificados por crioanestesia. No momento de cada coleta foi obtida uma amostra de ?gua do local de coleta, riacho Garapi? (S?o Francisco de Paula, RS), para an?lise dos par?metros f?sico-qu?micos. Em laborat?rio os indiv?duos foram pesados quanto ao peso total e peso tecidual para determina??o dos ?ndices de reple??o g?strica e hepatossom?tico (IH), em ambos os g?neros, e gonadossom?tico (IG) apenas nas f?meas; como tamb?m o grau de reple??o g?strico. Na hemolinfa quantificamos, por espectrofotometria, as prote?nas, o lactato, os lip?deos, os triglicer?deos, o glicerol, o colesterol VLDL e o HDL e a glicose. Analisamos ainda o comportamento de tr?s enzimas antioxidantes, sendo elas a super?xido dismutase (SOD), a catalase (CAT) e a glutationa S-tranferase (GST); bem como uma medida de dano celular (lipoperoxida??o, LPO), com o objetivo de descrever o status oxidativo desta subesp?cie em diferentes esta??es do ano. Estas an?lises foram realizadas, por m?todos espectrofotom?tricos, nas br?nquias, no hepatop?ncreas e no m?sculo abdominal para ambos os g?neros e, nas g?nadas das f?meas. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA de uma via seguida de Bonferroni ou Kruska-Wallis seguido de Dunn, nos programas SPSS (vers?o 17.0) ou Bioestat, respectivamente. As analises estat?sticas indicam que houve diferen?a entre o IH E IG de f?meas ao longo do per?odo de estudo. Na primavera (pico reprodutivo) observamos um aumento do IG e uma redu??o do IH, sugerindo aloca??o das reservas energ?ticas do hepatop?ncreas para as g?nadas; hip?tese refor?ada pela an?lise do IH em machos, onde n?o houve diferen?a significativa. O ?ndice g?strico mostrou uma redu??o (p<0,05), em ambos os sexos, no inverno o que aliado a uma diminui??o da temperatura ambiental e manuten??o da glicemia sugerem uma diminui??o da taxa metab?lica e da explora??o do habitat, com poss?vel utiliza??o das reservas end?genas; aliados a uma diminui??o do glicerol e prote?nas na transi??o do outono para o inverno. Ambos os g?neros apresentaram diferen?as (p<0,5) para os n?veis de lactato, com os n?veis relacionando-se possivelmente com o baixo teor de oxig?nio dissolvido (3,31mg/l) encontrado na ?gua no ver?o, sendo estes considerados n?veis hip?xicos. Houve tamb?m um aumento significativo em toda a cadeia lip?dica em ambos os sexos; por?m, mais pronunciado nas f?meas, no per?odo que corresponde ao ?pice da reprodu??o, sendo a prov?vel causa o preparo reprodutivo diretamente e/ou o aumento de gasto energ?tico nesta situa??o. Quanto ao estresse oxidativo, os resultados sugerem que as f?meas apresentam um grande gasto energ?tico na prote??o do tecido gonadal, principalmente na primavera (?pice da reprodu??o), mantendo um alto grau de atividade da enzima GST, aliado ? menor medida de dano celular (LPO) quando comparado com os demais tecidos. J? para os machos o n?vel de lipoperoxida??o foi maior na primavera, em todos os tecidos. Contudo, o tecido branquial se mostrou incapaz de aumentar a atividade antioxidante, sendo apenas o m?sculo e o hepatop?ncreas capazes de incrementarem as defesas enzim?ticas na primavera. Podemos concluir que fatores sazonais influenciam claramente o ciclo bi?logico de P. brasiliensis promatensis e demandam ajustes no balan?o oxidativo, exigindo uma demanda maior das defesas antioxidantes enzim?ticas e do sistema metab?lico.