Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S)--Ohio University, March, 2005. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-136)

This study represents the first econometric study that has attempted to model energy demand exclusively for Jordan. In so doing, recent developments in time series econometrics modeling techniques are adopted to estimate total energy demand functions at the aggregate and sectoral levels together with demand functions for individual fuels for Jordan using a new data set covering the period (1968-2000). Different econometric approaches were employed to estimate the elasticities including OLS, Johansen's ML, DOLS and ARDL to enable a comparison of the statistical results and the estimated price, income, urbanization elasticities. The different econometric techniques therefore act as a check of the robustness of the results obtained. All estimates of the demand functions whether at the aggregate level or at the disaggregate levels are robust not only in terms of statistical competence but also in terms of economic intuition. At the aggregate level, the various econometric techniques yield almost identical elasticity estimates. The estimates indicate a long run elasticity of around unity with respect to per capita GDP, 0.35 with respect to per capita area constructed, -0.30 with respect to real energy prices, a coefficient around 0.1 for the dummy variable representing the level of conflict in the region and a coefficient around 0.7% p.a. for the time trend as a proxy to the Underlying Energy Demand Trend (UEDT). The income elasticity implies that economic growth is likely to be accompanied by proportional increases in energy consumption. The price elasticity suggests that taxes on their own are unlikely to achieve government goals for energy conservation or environmental improvement, although they may well be efficient for revenue raising. Furthermore, evaluating the impact of per capita area constructed on energy consumption levels helps provide guidance for the future need of power generation and refining capacities. The study present forecasts for aggregate energy, aggregate electricity and aggregate petroleum over the period 2001-2015 using 2000 forecasts from the Jordanian governments and international organizations for the exogenous variables. The forecasts are constructed using three different scenarios of the GDP and area constructed growth, with constant real energy price at the 2000 level and with real energy prices increasing by 2% annually. The low growth scenario assumes 4% annual growth of GDP and area constructed, the medium growth scenario assumes 6% for both annual growth of GDP and area constructed, and the high growth scenario assumes 8% annual growth of GDP and 6% annual growth of area constructed. With constant real energy price, the low growth scenario suggests that total energy demand will increase by an average annual growth rate of 3.9 % over the forecasted period. The medium growth scenario indicates that the total energy demand will increase by an average annual growth rate of 6.37 % over the forecasted period, implying that aggregate energy demand will double by the year 2012. The high growth scenario suggests that the total energy demand will increase by an average annual growth rate of 8.24 % over the forecast period and double by the year 2010.

The goal of this dissertation is to examine the theoretical and empirical implications of the inventory theoretic approach to the demand for money. Chapter 1 reviews the existing inventory theoretic frameworks and empirical money demand literature and provides an overview of this thesis. One of the main conclusions is that the elasticity results from the existing inventory theoretic models are not robust. Chapter 2 develops a partial equilibrium inventory theoretic model, in which a fixed cost is involved per cash transfer. The key feature is that a firm endogenously chooses the frequency of pay periods, which a household takes as given. When the firm must borrow working capital and pay wages by cheque, I show that both the firm and the household choose to transfer cash every payday only. The model keeps the basic result from the classical inventory theoretic approach that both the income and interest elasticity of money demand are 0.5. Chapter 3 extends the partial equilibrium model into a general equilibrium framework and shows that the partial equilibrium elasticity results no longer apply in the general equilibrium. First, the income elasticity is 1 in the general equilibrium. Second, the interest elasticity has two values depending on a threshold interest rate. When interest rates are below this threshold, the model is the Cash-In-Advance model with a constant income velocity of money and zero interest elasticity; otherwise the interest elasticity is close to 0.5 and the velocity fluctuates in response to variations in interest rates. Finally, the general equilibrium elasticity results are robust across alternative specifications of the agent's utility. Chapter 4 calibrates the general equilibrium model to the last 40 years of US data for M1. By constructing a residual measure of money transaction costs from the structural money demand function, I find that a structural break in the transaction costs occurred in 1981 might have been responsible for the instability of long-run money demand. The benefit of this approach is that it can explain this pattern of money demand without appealing to an exogenous structural break in the money demand function. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

Essay analyses problems of bohemian glass small producers segment and in the scope of the real firm strategy suggests their concrete solution. Analysis finds causes of the segment problems in inappropriate combination of product, market and distribution channels. Author finds possible solution in the oligopoly price leader market model. Results of the problems analysis are together with firm and its environment analysis used for SWOT analysis. Management of the firm chose S-O strategy, which aims sustainable development of the firm, differentiation of the product and enlargement and diversification of the market space. Results of the analysis are used for creation of partial strategies and plans: marketing mix and information strategy. Information strategy includes concept of the new information and communication system suggestion. Suggested system is based on hosted web e-shop application and internet communication software component. System enables to flexible react on the changes of firm strategy and plans, and enables to create individualized and individual services. Chosen architecture is ideal for the rise of virtual teams System should help to emerge integration and synergic effects.

Theoretic part of thesis included short introduction into logistics, define question of demand planning and his role in SCM. In practical part is outlined function of SCM in Farm Frites company. Description of logistics chain, which is necessary part for understanding of whole proces of demand planning in company. Main object of thesis is to determine problems connected with demand planning and proposal of resolution of that problems in Farm Frites.

This Master's Thesis deals with the demand for golf in the Czech Republic. Its aim is to identify the main determinants of the demand for golf and their influence on the golf boom in the Czech Republic. First chapters are devoted to the theory of demand and its determinants. This is followed by a general introduction to golf, namely its brief history in the Czech Republic and the basic specification of the play. The middle part is devoted to the other side of the market, the supply. There are analyzed the status and development of golf infrastructure in terms of different types of golf courses, but also their price. The status and development of the membership of the Czech Golf Federation is analyzed after the supply. A final chapter deals with determinants of demand, whose significance is assessed on the basis of data obtained from the survey.

From the late seventies through the early 1990's electric utilities were facing many different forces that caused them to invest into demand-side management programs (DSM). Roots of the growth of DSM can be found in the high inflation and energy price shocks of the late seventies and early eighties, spiraling building costs of generation, safety and environmental concerns, increased costs of new capacity with possible exhaustion of scale economies, unexpected high elasticity in the demand for electricity, and public utility commissions that sought alternatives to the resulting high rate increases. This study develops and estimates four equations that look at the more aggregate utility level impacts of DSM. The goal of two equations is to determine what factors influence utility investments in DSM and if stock market investment in utilities is affected by DSM. Two additional equations are developed to determine system level impacts of DSM on cost of and quantity demanded of electricity. To estimate these models four years of annual data were collected for 81 utilities spanning 1990-1993. These utilities have sold over 60% of all the electricity in the US and were responsible for over 80% the national spending in DSM. The DSM investment model indicated that of the major variance in DSM investment is due to the utility's regulatory environment. Both an above average regulatory climate and least-cost planning requirements had major impacts on the level of DSM investment. The cost of equity capital equation revealed that DSM expenditures had a positive impact on the valuation of utility's stock. Cost and quantity equations were estimated both individually and simultaneously. DSM expenditures seemed to have a negative impact on both average cost and quantity demanded. Although these relationships were statistically significant, the impacts were quite small. To summarize; the regulatory environment seems to have the strongest impact on the level of DSM investment; DSM spending was associated with an increased stock valuation; as expected DSM investments were found to have a negative relationship with quantity demanded; and finally DSM investment appeared to reduce the average cost.

<p> This study is an empirical analysis of the international market for raw jute and jute manufactures. The object of the study is to build and estimate an annual simultaneous equation model of the world jute market for the post-Second World War years. The chief purpose of the model is to determine the most important dynamic aspects of this market and, in particular, the causes of the high variability of the world jute prices.</p> <p> The supply side of the model involves the specification and estimation of dynamic equations relating to the annual production of both raw jute and jute manufactures. In the case of raw jute production, equations are estimated for three major producing nations and for the "Rest-of-the-World"; in the case of jute manufactures, there are equations for six major producing nations as well as for a "Rest-of-the-World" sector. In general, jute farmers and the producers of jute manufactures are found to be responsive to economic incentives.</p> <p> The demand side of the model is constructed by specifying and estimating equations explaining the annual net consumption demand of jute manufactures for Bangladesh and India. In the case of other five countries/regions, first, the total current consumption demand for jute manufactures and synthetic substitutes are estimated together and, then, the relative shares of the two are determined. In contrast to the fairly uniform results obtained for the jute production equations, the effects of change in one of the explanatory variables on jute consumption are found to vary widely for the countries studied.</p> <p> Equations explaining end-of-the-year stocks of both raw jute and jute manufactures in the major producing countries have been specified and estimated. Finally, the price equations, explaining the formation of world prices of raw jute and jute manufactures and their relationship with the domestic prices in the major producing countries, have been estimated to complete the empirical model.</p> <p> The final model contains thirty-nine stochastic equations and twenty-five identities, and is decomposed into two blocks: a recursive block, which is estimated by ordinary least squares, and a simultaneous block, which is estimated by two-stage least squares. The study then proceeds to examine the qualitative characteristics of the model by conducting simulation experiments over part of the period of estimation. The model is further tested to explore some interesting hypothetical forms of international jute agreements. Moreover, simulations over future periods are also investigated in order to obtain conditional forecasts and to explore further some of the hypothetical international agreements. In general during the sample period, the basic simulation traces quite satisfactorily, on both the aggregate and the disaggregate level, the trajectories of the important endogenous variable in the model. The simulations over the 1974-1990 period imply practically a stagnation of the position with relatively small increases in world production, consumption, and prices. Moreover, the present trend of decreasing the consumption of jute manufactures in the developed countries is expected to continue.</p> <p> Finally, in respect to possible institution of various international agreements to benefit (in part, at least) the raw jute producers, it has been found that, in most cases, these programs will have very limited benefits (although both the producers and the consumers might benefit from increased price stability) due to high and increasing elasticity of substitution between jute and the synthetic substitutes</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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