• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 4
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Undersökning av jonvätskematrisers detektion på olika typer av MALDI plattor / Detection of ionic liquid matrices on variousMALDI plates

Börjesson, Erik January 2016 (has links)
Examensarbetet gjordes för att undersöka om det istället för 2,5-dihydroxidbensoesyra fanns en jonvätskematris som hade en lika bra eller bättre detektionsgrad. Examensarbetet undersökte också om det var någon detektions skillnad på stål- och koncentrationsplatta när analysmetoden matris-assisterande laser desorption-jonisation-masspektrometri (MALDI-MS) analysmetod används. Jonvätskematris är en matris som binder till en svag bas och är till för att skydda peptiderna från addukter. Baserna som undersöktes var etylamin, dietylamin, diisopropylamin och N,N-etyl-diisopropylamin. Examensarbetet jämförde matrisen med jonvätskematriserna som alla var upplösta i etanol, vatten eller en vätskeblandning (TA 30) (0,1 % trifluorättiksyra i vatten och acetonitril i 7:3 volym). Det utfördes tester genom att matrisen och jonvätskematriserna blandades med en peptidblandning innehållande åtta stycken peptider. Blandningen deponerades på en stål- och en koncentrationsplatta. Efter att blandningen hade torkat på plattorna och bilde till kristaller eller en vätskefilm placerades plattorna i MALDI-apparaturen. Testerna utvisade att N,N-etyl diisopropylamin blandningen i etanol och vätskeblandningen var bättre än 2,5-dihydroxybenzene på att detektera antalet peptider på koncentrationsplattan. Det visades att etylamin och dietylamin hade samma detektiongrad som 2,5-dihydroxidbensoesyra i etanol och vatten vid detektion av antal peptider på koncentrationsplattan. En detektionsskillnad fanns mellan stål- och koncentrationsplatta. Stålplattan var bättre på att detektera tyr-bradykinin. Vid vidare studier på området skulle testerna utföras på stålplatta för att detektera tyr-bradykinin och resterande peptider på koncentrationsplatta. Vid vidare studier skulle TA 30 och etanol som lösningsmedel användas och matriserna ska upplösas i mol-koncentration istället för vikt-koncentration, för att få en mer jämförbar detektion. / This degree project was made to examine if there was a better ionic liquid matrix instead of the matrix 2,5-dihydroxybenzene. The aim of the project was also to investigate if there were any detection differences between anchorchip and groundsteel plate when testing matrix assisted laser desorption ionization masspectrometry (MALDI-MS). An ionic liquid matrix is a matrix that binds to a base used to protect the peptides from adducts. In the degree project 2,5-dihydroxybenzene was compared with the ionic liquid matrices which is 2,5-dihydroxybenzene combined with a base. The bases were ethylamine, diethylamine, diisopropylamine and N,N- ethyldiisopropylamine. All matrices were dissolved in ethanol, water or a liquid mix (0,1 % Trifluoroacetic acid in water and acetonitril in 7:3 volume). The tests were performed by mixing the matrix and the ionic liquid matrices with a peptide mix which contained 8 types of peptides. The matrix/ionic liquid matrices and peptide mix was deposited on a ground steel and anchorchip MALDI plate. After the mixture had evaporated and transformed to crystals/film, the plates were put in MADLI equipment. The results showed that N,N- ethyldiisopropylamine in ethanol and liquid mix had better detection than 2,5-dihydroxybenzene. Ethylamine and diethylamine had the same detection as 2,5-dihydroxybenzene in ethanol on anchorchip plate. There were detection differences between the anchorchip and ground steel plate. In favor of ground steel plate when detecting tyr-bradykinin, but for detecting the rest of the peptides anchorchip is favorable. If further studies would be performed in this area it would be done in the liquid mix and ethanol as solvent. For more comparable detection results the matrices concentration should be in mol/L instead of g/L.
2

Using Lipid Bilayers in an Artificial Axon System

Vanderwerker, Zachary Thomas 08 December 2013 (has links)
Since the rise of multicellular organisms, nature has created a wide range of solutions for life on Earth. This diverse set of solutions presents a broad design space for a number of bio-inspired technologies in many different fields. Of particular interest for this work is the computational and processing power of neurons in the brain. Neuronal networks for transmitting and processing signals have advantages to their electronic counterparts in terms of power efficiency and the ability to handle component failure. In this thesis, an artificial axon system using droplet on hydrogel bilayers (DHBs) in conjunction with alamethicin channels was developed to show properties of action potential signal propagation that occur in myelinated nerve cells. The research demonstrates that the artificial axon system is capable of modifying signals that travel perpendicular to a lipid bilayer interface due to the voltage-gating properties of alamethicin within the connected bilayer. The system was used to show a signal boosting behavior similar to what occurs in the nodes of Ranvier of a myelinated axon. In addition, the artificial axon system was used to show that alamethicin channels within a lipid bilayer behave similarly to slow-acting potassium channels in a real axon in that they follow a sigmoid activation curve in response to a step potential change. / Master of Science
3

Dihydrogen bonds: a study

Hugas Germà, David 21 October 2010 (has links)
Un pont de dihidrogen (dihydrogen bond,DHB) és un tipus de pont d'hidrogen atípic que s'estableix entre un hidrur metàl·lic i un donador de protons com un grup OH o NH. Els ponts de dihidrogen són claus en les característiques geomètriques i altres propietats de compostos que en presenten tan de molècules petites com el dímer de NH3BH3, com d'estructures superiors més complicades com complexes metàl·lics o sòlids. Poden ser útils aplicats a certes molècules o síntesis moleculars per a obtenir nous materials amb propietats o característiques fetes a mida. El treball d'aquesta tesi està orientat a millorar la comprensió dels ponts de dihidrogen, aprofundint en certs aspectes de la seva naturalesa atòmica/molecular utilitzant mètodes teòrics basats en la química física quàntica. / A dihydrogen bond (or DHB) is a kind of unconventional hydrogen bond, established between a metal hydride bond and a proton donor like OH or NH. They are the key to important structure features and properties in compounds which have them. They can be responsible for the specific geometry not only of small molecules like the NH3 BH3 dimer, but also of higher structures like metallic complexes or solids. It is in this fashion that dihydrogen bonds can be profitable, up to a plausible extent, when they can be used in certain molecules or certain syntheses to obtain a new material with particular or even tailored properties or geometries. The work developed in this thesis is aimed to have a deeper understanding of dihydorgen bonds, deepening on certain aspects using theoretical methods.
4

Relation structure-activité des lipopolysaccharides isolés des bactéries sulfato-réductrices de la flore intestinale chez le sujet sain et diabétique / Structure-activity relationships of lipopolysaccharides isolated from gut microbiota Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in healthy and diabetic subjects

Zhang-Sun, Wei 02 December 2013 (has links)
Des études ont récemment mis en évidence le rôle des lipopolysaccharides (LPS) des bactéries à Gram négatif de la flore intestinale dans le processus de l’inflammation conduisant à l’obésité et au diabète de type 2.Le présent travail est réalisé dans le cadre d’une collaboration entre les équipes du Dr. Caroff (U. Paris-Sud, Orsay) et du Pr. Zhao (U. Jiao Tong, Shanghai). Les expériences présentées ont été réalisées lors de séjours dans les deux laboratoires.Il a été démontré en Chine que des bactéries Sulfato-réductrices (SRB) à Gram négatif étaient présentes en plus forte proportion dans la flore intestinale chez les souris suivant un régime gras. Les mêmes résultats ont été observés chez l'homme. L’hypothèse selon laquelle des SRB seraient à l’origine de grandes quantités d’endotoxines chez les obèses et les patients diabétiques a été émise. Plusieurs souches de SRB isolées de la flore intestinale humaine d’un sujet sain et d’un sujet diabétique ont été cultivées en Chine. Des études de relation structure/activité des LPS isolés de ces bactéries ont été réalisées dans le laboratoire Français pour déterminer leur rôle dans le développement des maladies métaboliques. Les souches isolées des deux sujets ont pu être classées dans le genre Desulfovibrio. Les LPS correspondants ont été extraits et purifiés par des méthodes mises au point dans l’équipe d’Orsay. La structure chimique a été élucidée par les méthodes suivantes : Electrophorèse, Chromatographie sur couche mince, Chromatographie en phase gazeuse et Spectrométrie de masse MALDI. C’est ainsi que des spectres de masse ont été obtenus et que la structure des lipides A, principes actifs des LPS, isolés de SRB a été décrite pour la première fois. Les activités biologiques testées (TNFα, IL-6) varient en fonction du nombre d’acides gras présents. Les LPS de SRB du patient sain ont une structure variable (Smooth versus Rough) en fonction de la quantité de fer présent dans le milieu, et ceux isolés du patient diabétique présentent des structures atypiques qui ne sont pas toutes inflamogènes. Une molécule membranaire inconnue, que nous avons nommée « Glycosyl’X » était co-extraite avec les LPS. Elle joue apparemment un rôle important dans la croissance des SRB et a été étudiée après des étapes de purification complexes. Les structures et le pouvoir inflammatoire de ces molécules dont la structure varie avec les souches, et qui chélatent le fer, ont été étudiées. Elles sont de nature principalement osidique et fixées à la membrane. La proportion de ces molécules par rapport aux LPS varie avec la quantité de fer disponible dans le milieu. Un milieu riche en fer favorise la croissance des Desulfovibrio portant les Glycosyl’X qui n’ont pas de pouvoir inflammatoire eux-mêmes, mais entrent en compétition avec les LPS, modulant ainsi indirectement l’activité de ces derniers. L’augmentation du nombre de Desulfovibrio conduisant à l’augmentation des molécules Glycosyl’X pourrait aussi moduler positivement (par présentation) ou négativement (par élimination des bactéries) l’adsorption du fer dans les intestins dont l’équilibre est essentiel pour l’homéostasie métabolique.Par ailleurs, la croissance des Desulfovibrio augmente la production d’Hydrogène Sulfuré connu pour son action délétère sur les cellules. Nous favorisons l’hypothèse selon laquelle son action sur la disjonction des cellules épithéliales permettrait le passage des différents LPS relargués par la flore Gram-négative intestinale, et même des bactéries entières, vers la circulation sanguine. / Recent studies have highlighted the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the intestinal flora (gut microbiota) which could contribute to the inflammation process leading to obesity and type 2 diabetes. This thesis is part of a collaborative project between the laboratories of Dr. Caroff (U. Paris -Sud, Orsay, France) and Prof. Zhao (U. Jiao Tong , Shanghai, China). It has been shown by Pr.Zhao’s team in 2010 that the Sulfate -Reducing Bacteria (SRB) were presented in greater proportion in the intestinal mice flora following a fat diet compared to mice following a normal diet. The same results were observed in humans. The starting hypothesis was that SRB could produce a large amount of endotoxin in obese and diabetic patients and play a role in the development of metabolic diseases. Several SRB strains isolated from the human intestinal flora of a healthy subject and of a diabetic subject were grown in the Chinese laboratory. Studies of their LPS structure / activity relationships were carried out in the French laboratory. The aim of this study was to determine their roles in the development of metabolic diseases.Strains isolated from the two subjects could be classified in the Desulfovibrio genus. The corresponding LPS were extracted and purified by the methods developed in the French laboratory. The chemical structure was elucidated by the following methods: Electrophoresis, Thin layer chromatography, Gas chromatography and MALDI mass spectrometry. The mass spectra were obtained and the structure of lipid A, the active part of LPS isolated from SRB was described here for the first time. The biological activities test (TNFα, IL-6) vary depending on the number of fatty acids present in their lipid A structure. The LPS of SRB isolated from the healthy patient had a variable structure (Smooth versus Rough) depending on the amount of iron present in the medium, and those isolated from diabetic patients had atypical structures are not all inflamogenic .An unknown membrane molecule, which we named "Glycosyl'X" was co-extracted with the LPS. It apparently plays an important role in the growth of SRB was investigated after complex purification steps. The structures and the inflammatory power of these molecules variying with strains chelating iron were studied. They are mainly of glycosidic nature and linked to the bacterial membrane.The proportion of these molecules relatively to LPS varies with the amount of iron in the medium. An environment rich in iron promotes the growth of Desulfovibrio Glycosyl'X, molecules but competes with LPS and indirectly modulates the activity of the latter. The increase number of Desulfovibrio leading to increased Glycosyl'X molecules may also modulate positively (by presentation) or negatively (by killing bacteria) the absorption of iron in the intestines which balance is essential for metabolic homeostasis.Furthermore, the growth of Desulfovibrio increasing the production of Hydrogen Sulfide is known for its deleterious effects on the cells. We favor the hypothesis that its action on the separation of epithelial cells favors the passage of different LPS released by the Gram- negative of intestinal flora and even whole cell bacteria into the bloodstream.

Page generated in 0.02 seconds