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First pass radionuclide angiography and the evaluation of valvular regurgitationWiseman, Martin Nurock January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
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Applications of magnetic resonance imaging at 200 MHzJamea, Abdullah January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
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A study of scattered radiation in diagnostic radiology using Monte Carlo simulationLester, Sonia January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
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Sintése de nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados com polietilenoglicol para aplicações biológicasCarla Onara Ferreira Gonçalves 12 June 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho, foi realizado um estudo sistematizado da funcionalização de NTs de múltiplas
paredes (MWNT) com polietilenoglicóis (PEGs) de 2 e 5 kDa, objetivando à obtenção de
amostras adequadas para futuras aplicações biológicas. Para a introdução das cadeias
poliméricas, foi explorada a rota de acoplamento via carbodiimida, utilizando-se MWNTs
carboxilados e PEGs contendo grupos aminas terminais. Para a ativação das carbonilas,
empregaram-se os agentes de acoplamento N-etil-N-(dimetilaminopropil) carbodiimida (EDC)
e N-hidroxisuccinimida (NHS), produzindo os intermediários EDC/NHS. Antes de estudar a
funcionalização dos NT com os dois tipos de PEG-NH2, o acoplamento via carbodiimida foi
testado usando a octadecilamina (ODA) como amina modelo, visando estabelecer as melhores
condições reacionais. Partindo de uma amostra comercial de MWNTs já carboxilados (Nanocyl
NC 3101), foi realizada uma etapa inicial de oxidação e de purificação do material empregando
refluxos em soluções de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) e hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) com o
objetivo de garantir o acoplamento da molécula desejada aos NT e não nos resíduos a eles
adsorvidos. Os materiais de partida, pré-tratados e funcionalizados, foram amplamente
caracterizados por TG/DTG, análise titulométrica, potencial zeta, EDS, espectroscopia Raman,
FTIR e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Essas caracterizações mostraram que embora a
rota de oxidação/purificação empregada tenha sido efetiva para oxidar os defeitos e para
remover os fragmentos poliaromáticos e carbono amorfo, ela provocou grandes danos à
estrutura dos NT. Estes defeitos foram considerados como os principais fatores para o
impedimento de uma reação de amidação bem sucedida. No estudo de funcionalização
empregando a ODA, foi demonstrado que o tempo de formação do intermediário é um fator
importante, tendo sido observado um aumento no número de grupos carboxílicos ativados com
EDC/NHS com o aumento do tempo. A presença de mais sítios convertidos em ésteres reativos,
entretanto, não implicou em um aumento na quantidade de ODA fixada, fato atribuído ao
impedimento estérico causado pelos grupos ésteres de NHS, que dificultam a aproximação das
moléculas da ODA. No estudo de funcionalização com o PEG foi evidenciado que o tamanho
da cadeia de PEG altera a forma de fixação do polímero aos NT. Acredita-se que a adsorção
aconteça por quimissorção (entre as carboxilas dos NT e grupos amina do PEG), quanto por
fisissorção (interação da cadeia éter e dos grupos aminas terminais com a superfície dos NT).
Para o PEG de menor tamanho de cadeia (2 kDa), o aumento do tempo de reação de 2 h para
18 h provoca alterações significativas, tais como o aumento da organização das macromoléculas
dentro da estrutura dos NT, a maximização das interações entre NT e PEG e grande aumento
na quantidade de fixação de PEG livre. Estas alterações não ocorrem para o PEG com cadeia
mais extensa (5 kDa), a qual provavelmente requer um tempo bem maior para se organizar
dentro da estrutura dos NT. Para ambos os casos, entretanto, foi constatado que o aumento no
tempo de reação não leva a um aumento de PEG fixado por interações químicas, sendo a
adsorção dominada pelas interações de van der Waals entre a superfície dos NT e as cadeias de
PEG. Em todas as reações de funcionalização realizadas neste estudo, ocorreu um processo
paralelo de purificação das nanopartículas metálicas, resultando em amostras com purezas
superiores a 98% em termos de teor metálico. Os resultados deste estudo revelam que a
PEGuilação de nanotubos de carbono pode ser realizada pela rota da carbodiimida, entretanto,
o sucesso da funcionalização depende sobretudo da etapa de introdução dos sítios carboxilas na
superfície dos NT. A carboxilação usando agentes oxidantes provoca a introdução
desorganizada dos sítios reacionais, além de defeitos estruturais, que dificultam a
funcionalização covalente. / This work reports on a systematic investigation of functionalization of multi-walled nanotubes
(MWNT) with 2 and 5 kDa polyethylene glycols (PEGs) in an attempt to obtain samples
suitable for future biological applications. The polymer chains were introduced by coupling via
carbodiimide using carboxylated MWNT and PEG containing terminal amine groups. The
carbonyl groups were activated using coupling agents N-ethyl-N-(dimethylaminopropyl)
carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), which produced intermediates
EDC/NHS. Before investigating the functionalization of MWNTs with the two types of PEGNH2,
the carbodiimide coupling was tested using octadecylamine (ODA) as a model amine
seeking to establish the best reaction conditions. A pre-carboxylated commercial sample of
MWNTs (Nanocyl NC3101) was oxidized and purified under reflux of hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions to ensure the coupling of the desired molecule
to the MWNTs rather than to the residues adsorbed on them. The pre-treated and functionalized
start materials were fully characterized by TG/DTG, acid-base titration, zeta potential, EDS,
Raman spectroscopy, FTIR and transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrated
that despite the successful oxidation of the defects and removal of polyaromatic and amorphous
carbon fragments, through the oxidation/purification route, the MWNT structure was greatly
affected. The defects were the main hindrance to the successful amidation reaction. In the ODA
functionalization, the time required for the formation of intermediates is a major factor. The
number of carboxylic groups activated by EDC/NHS increased with the reaction activation
time. However, the presence of sites converted into reactive esters did not lead to an increase
in the amount of chemically bonded ODA due to steric hindrance by NHS ester groups. In the
PEG functionalization study, it was evident that the length of the PEG chain affects its binding
to MWNTs. Adsorption is thought to occur both by chemisorption between the MWNT
carboxyl and the PEG amine groups and physisorption through the interaction of the ether chain
and the terminal amines with the MWNT surface. In the case of the short-chain PEG (2 kDa),
increasing the reaction time from 2 to 18 h produced significant changes, such as a greater
macromolecule organization within the MWNT structure, maximization of the MWNT-PEG
interactions and a great increase in the quantity of adsorbed free PEG, which were not observed
for the long-chain PEG (5 kDa) since it probably requires a much longer time to get organized
within the MWNT structure. However, the increase in the reaction time did not lead to an
increase in the amount of chemically adsorbed PEG, van der Waals interactions between the
MWNT surface and the PEG chains prevailing in both cases. The removal of metallic
nanoparticles took place simultaneously with MWNT functionalization reactions in all the
studied functionalization reactions, yielding samples with metal content purity higher than 98%.
This study showed that the PEG functionalization of MWCT can be achieved through the
carbodiimide route, however, the result depends mainly on the way the carboxyl sites are
introduced onto the MWNT surface. Carboxylation with strong oxidizing agents leads to
uncontrolled introduction of reactive sites, in addition to structural defects, which makes the
covalent functionalization difficult.
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Optimisation of passive shimming techniques for magnetic-resonance imagingEvans, Christopher John January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of diurnal variations in rheumatoid arthritisNicholas, Richard Stephen January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
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The optimisation of radiation dose in paediatric radiologyChapple, Claire Louise January 1998 (has links)
The importance of monitoring, and where possible reducing, the level of radiation dose from diagnostic X-ray examinations has been recognised for many years and is becoming of increasing concern. Dose reduction is of particular concern in paediatric radiology, and there are specific problems associated with the monitoring and comparison of radiation doses to children. Any optimisation study relies on a framework of good dosimetry. Two techniques have been developed to improve the collection of patient dose data: the automation of survey techniques to increase the quantity of data collected; and a method of correcting for patient size which reduces one source of variability in the data. An optimisation strategy has been developed, consisting of theoretical simulations, experimental verification and clinical implementation. Monte Carlo techniques were used for the theoretical study, which investigated the effect of beam filtration on radiation dose and image quality for a wide range of parameters, specifically for a neonatal size phantom. Simulations included both radiography of bone in soft tissue and fluoroscopy of iodine and barium based contrast media. The results were assessed in terms of the beam spectra and the absorption and transmission characteristics of the phantom and image receptor. Experimental measurements of dose and contrast were made for a simple slab phantom corresponding to that simulated, and results showed good agreement with those predicted. A further set of experimental measurements were carried out using anthropomorphic phantoms in a clinical setting, which demonstrated how the theoretical predictions translated to clinical practice. A clinical trial of the use of a 0.1mm copper filter for fluoroscopic examinations of infants was performed, and the filter shown to give substantial dose reduction with no significant loss in image quality. Some general recommendations on dose quantities and the application of optimisation strategies to paediatric radiology have been made.
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Radiation from resonant frequency selective horn antennasJayawardene, Mohan B. R. January 1999 (has links)
The research involves the analysis and design of a new band of horn antennas, namely Frequency Selective Horns (FSHs). Folding a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) into a shape of a cone makes a FSH. The stimulus behind this research emanates from an idea to use the FSH as a microwave camera for medical diagnostic purposes. FSHs with dipole geometries have been modelled using existing software. A quasi-static approximation models the dipole elements with a dielectric backing as dielectrically loaded cylindrical conducting elements.
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Laser e diagnostico de caries: estado da arte e avaliacao in vitro das diferencas de fluorescencia entre esmalte sadio, cariado e desmineralizadoMENDONCA, MARIA A.L.C. 09 October 2014 (has links)
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Laser Diagnodent: estudo comparativo com outras tecnicas de diagnosticoGODINHO, REUGMA R. 09 October 2014 (has links)
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