Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Advisor: Howard Goldstein, Florida State University, College of Communication, Dept. of Communication Disorders. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 8, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 83 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Attitudinal and behavioral indices of sexual adjustment and sexual anxiety measures were obtained from twenty-two subjects in order to assess the effects of individual and group graduated symbolic modeling with concurrent behavioral tasks as a treatment, procedure for female sexual dysfunction. All of the women serving as clients had reported severe anxiety towards sexual behavior which precluded their enjoyment of and or engagement in this area. Sixteen of the clients were randomly divided into two groups; one receiving individual treatment and the other receiving group treatment. Treatment consisted of initial relaxation training followed by the viewing of 45 video-taped vignettes depicting various graduated sexual behaviors. Sessions were held twice weekly for approximately two and one-half weeks. The other six women served as a control group and were subjected to identical measurement without the benefit of treatment. Statistically significant decreases in anxiety and increases in behavioral and attitudinal measures were evidenced to the same extent in both treatment conditions; however, a trend towards greater improvement was observed for those' receiving group treatment. Significant improvements appeared simultaneously in all three areas around the third treatment session. These riesults remained stable through the three week follow-up period. The contro clients showed no improvement and trends toward deterioration were evidenced on all three measures. It would appear that graduated symbolic modeling with concurrent behavioral tasks effects positive changes in attitudinal, behavioral and anxiety indices simultaneously. The extent and relevant contribution of these changes during sexual dysfunction therapy requires further investigation including the refinement of behavioral measures and the examination of the effects of time on waiting list clients. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in the branch of Psychiatry. Johannesburg November 2017. / Background: Mental Disorders and Substance Use Disorders (SUD) commonly occur together, termed dual diagnosis, this is associated with poorer functioning, higher suicidality rates, hospitilisation, greater risk for crime and high health risk behavior. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample size of 150 participants, gathered over 4 months. Data was collected with a structured clinical interview, and inpatient hospital records. Alcohol and drug misuse was screened for using the AUDIT and DUDIT respectively. A descriptive analysis was then made, prevalence of substance misuse was determined, and comparisons were made between those with and without substance misuse. Results: The study group was predominantly young, single, african, unemployed men. The leading presenting symptoms were psychosis, aggression and mania, requiring mostly involuntary admissions, with a mean of 14 days hospital stay. Twothirds of the participants were classified as substance misusers, these were significantly younger men, more often brought to hospital by the police or ambulance, and showed higher rates of substance use and substance-induced disorders. Conclusion: This highlights the benefit of using screening tools for diagnosing substance use, and the need for improved management of those with a dual diagnosis. / LG2018

No description available.

There are few, yet contradictory, reports in the literature regarding whether persons with Alzheimer's disease demonstrate a disturbance of nonverbal communication or pantomime. While some researchers ascribe all disturbances of gestural behavior to apraxic phenomena, others have viewed a disturbance of pantomime as the consequence of language disorder or general intellectual deterioration. This investigation was conducted (1) to determine whether persons with Alzheimer's disease demonstrate a disturbance of pantomime recognition, pantomime expression, or both, compared to healthy, aged controls; (2) to determine the relation of performance on measures of pantomime recognition and pantomime expression to performance on measures of cognition/intelligence, language, and praxis in Alzheimer subjects; (3) to determine whether Alzheimer subjects improve pantomimic expressive performance on imitation of the examiner; and (4) to determine whether a statistically significant difference in pantomimic expressive performance between Alzheimer and control subjects is also a clinically obvious difference. Forty-five subjects (30 subjects with Alzheimer's disease and 15 healthy, aged controls) were administered measures of pantomime recognition, pantomime expression, cognition/intelligence, language, and praxis. In addition, 13 graduate students in speech-language pathology viewed and judged as being "normal" or "abnormal" 15 expressive pantomimes performed by 10 Alzheimer and 5 control subjects. Results indicated that there was a significant difference between groups in performance on both pantomime measures; the Alzheimer subjects performed less well than controls. The performance of Alzheimer subjects on both pantomime measures was also more closely related to performance on measures of language and cognition/intelligence than to praxis. Alzheimer subjects improved pantomimic expressive performance on imitation of the examiner, to the extent that between groups performance no longer differed significantly. Finally, graduate student judges rated the pantomimic expressive performance of Alzheimer subjects as being "abnormal" significantly more often than the pantomimic expressive performance of controls. Because the pantomime variables were related to both the language and cognition/intelligence variables, and the language and cognition/intelligence variables were related to one another, it was concluded that these variables were functionally interdependent, and therefore, these results for this sample conformed with central mechanism explanations for a disturbance of pantomime.

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of the comorbidity of emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) and speech/language disorders among those students identified as under The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act criteria as emotionally disturbed and speech impaired. The literature reviewed included clinical and school settings that examined a cooccurrence of language disorders in the EBD population. Other research reported a lack of routine involvement of speech/language therapists in the assessment of the EBD population. Implications from clinical studies suggested a need for greater attention to language disorders in a multi- and interdisciplinary assessment. This study investigated the prevalence of the dual occurrence of EBD and speech/language disorders in Grades 2 through 6 in Texas schools in light of the known research. Relationships in ethnicity and socioeconomic status were examined using chi-square test of independence. Aggregate data were obtained from the database of the Texas Pupil Information Management System and from survey questionnaire responses provided by speech therapists in selected districts. The literature review focused on the impact of language in the development of appropriate personal interactions and communication skills, especially those relevant to pragmatic language factors and the implications of language competency in successful personal living and career roles and supported the importance of language as an important contributor to a person's life success and the correlation of EBD disabilities and speech/language disorders. Social skills instruction, the relationship of language, especially pragmatics, and social competencies for this population are included. The results revealed a relationship between ethnicity and speech/language disorders among the students identified with EBD. In considering the population of students identified as EBD and language disordered, a significant relationship was found between ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Recommendations include suggestions for future research, assessment procedures, classroom interventions, and data collection methods.

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities; University of the Witwatersrand. June 2016 / This study explored the experiences of and interactions between speech-language therapists and interpreters in cross-linguistic mediated consultations with caregivers of children with severe disabilities within a health care setting. The objectives of the study included: to analyse the interactional characteristics and features of speech-language therapists and interpreters; and to identify speech therapists’ and interpreters’ perceptions of their competence and experiences in multicultural settings. Patients who do not speak the same language as the health care professionals receive limited health services when compared with people who speak the same language as the professionals who serve them, which may result in poor health outcomes. The research was conducted from an interpretive approach, which includes a respect for intra- personal values, beliefs and interests in the topic. The design included multiple data collection methods and analysis. The data was collected from consultation experience of thirteen caregivers of children with communication disabilities, five SLTs and one interpreter in two urban hospitals in Gauteng. The participants were recruited using purposive sampling procedures from two urban tertiary hospitals in Gauteng. And group Research instruments used were video recordings, individual interviews. The objectives were investigated through a qualitative study using ethnographic observations; video recordings of the interactions between speech therapists and an interpreter during interviews with caregivers of children with disabilities; audio recordings; and individual interviews with speech-language therapists and interpreters post-consultation. The data collected were analysed using thematic content analysis and conversational analysis. The findings highlighted the diversity challenges faced by SLTs working in multilingual and multicultural hospital settings. Language and translation issues had a marked impact on information received by caregivers. Despite the challenges that clinicians experienced in multilingual settings, they seemed to find that their working experience was an important leveller when they had an interpreter present during their consultations. The findings inform academic curricula and the clinical practice of speech-language and audiology students and professionals and will help improve application to transform the way in which they apply theoretical knowledge when treating speech and hearing disorders in a multilingual and multicultural context; thus enhancing the efficacy of management of communication disorders within this context. / MT 2018

Research interest in cerebral small vessel disease, which is manifested as lacunar infarct and white matter changes, has surged in the last decade. Small vessel disease has been increasingly recognized via neuroimaging to be highly prevalent among the elderly and more importantly; it is associated with cognitive impairment. Since the population worldwide is ageing, the cognitive burden associated with small vessel disease is foreseen to rise. This burden will be particularly great in China where the population is vast. However, data of cognitive impairment related to small vessel disease among Chinese is scarce. / The methods and results of these studies will be presented in the thesis. In brief, the author concluded that (1) among Chinese stroke patients with relevant subcortical lacunar infarct, underlying intracranial large artery disease should be looked for before attributing that the lacunar infarct is due to small vessel disease because of its not uncommon association with lacunar infarcts among Chinese; (2) half of the patients with stroke associated with small vessel disease complain of varying severity levels of cognitive impairment 3 months poststroke and executive dysfunction also affects functional activities; (3) thalamic lacunar infarct and left frontal lobe atrophy have small yet significant influences on cognitive performances; (4) cerebral atrophy predicts prestroke cognitive impairment; and (5) Chinese frontal assessment battery is a moderately valid, while executive clock drawing test is not a valid test in the evaluation of executive dysfunction among Chinese with small vessel disease. / This thesis aimed to present studies that were conducted by the author among Chinese stroke patients on this particular field. The aims of the studies were to evaluate the (1) frequency of relevant intracranial large artery disease among Chinese stroke patients having subcortical lacunar infarcts; (2) frequency and impact of cognitive impairment after stroke associated with small vessel disease; (3) neuroimaging determinants of cognitive performances after stroke associated with small vessel disease; (4) determinants of prestroke cognitive impairment in stroke associated with small vessel disease; and the (5) validity of frontal assessment battery and executive clock drawing test in assessing executive dysfunction among Chinese patients with small vessel disease. / Mok Chung Tong Vincent. / "April 2005." / Adviser: Lawrence Ka Sing Wong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: B, page: 3695. / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-197). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / School code: 1307.

Speech-language pathologists are constantly trying to use the most efficient and effective assessments to obtain information about the phonetic inventory, speech sound errors, and phonological error patterns of children who are suspected of having a speech sound disorder. These assessments may involve a standardized measure of single words and/or sentences and a non standardized measure, such as a spontaneous speech sample. While research has shown both of these types of assessments to give clinicians information about a child's speech production abilities, the use of delayed imitation tasks, either words or sentences, has not been a widely studied topic and has produced conflicting results when researched. The purpose of the present study was to examine speech sound production abilities in children with a speech sound disorder in a single-word task, an imitated sentence task, and spontaneous speech sample to compare their results of speech sound errors, phonological error patterns, and time administration. The study used the Phonological and Articulatory Bilingual Assessment - English version (PABA-E, Gildersleeve-Neumann , 2008), a formal assessment for identifying children who may have a speech sound disorder. Three male children, between the ages of 4;0 and 5;4 (years;months), participated in this study. All participants were being treated by a speech-language pathologist for a diagnosed speech sound disorder and had hearing within normal limits. The results of the study showed that the majority of participants produced the highest number of speech sounds targeted within the imitated sentence task. Participants attempted and produced the least amount of speech sounds on their spontaneous speech sample. The assessment with the highest percentage of accurately produced consonants was the imitated sentence task. The majority of participants produced a higher number of error patterns in their single-word and imitated sentence task. In terms of efficiency and effectiveness, the imitated sentence task took the least amount of time to administer and transcribe.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003. / Advisor: Dr. Michelle Bourgeois, Florida State University, College of Communication, Dept. of Communication Disorders. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 6, 2003). Includes bibliographical references.