Yes / Health Services Research and Pharmacy Practice Conference Abstracts: Partnerships in Healthcare: Advancing Sustainable Medicines Optimisation 17–18 April 2023 University of Bradford.

Yes / Introduction: Oral anticoagulant therapy choices for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) expanded in the last decade with the introduction of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). However, the implementation of DOACs was slow and varied across different health economies in England. There is limited evidence on the patient role in the uptake of new medicines, including DOACs, apart from considering their demographic and clinical characteristics. Hence, this study aimed to address the gap by exploring the view of patients with AF on factors affecting DOAC use. Methods: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted in three health economies in the North of England. Adult patients (>18 years) diagnosed with non-valvular AF, prescribed an oral anticoagulant (vitamin K antagonist or DOAC), and able to give written consent were recruited. Data were collected between August 2018 and April 2019. Audio recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the framework method. Results: Four themes with eleven subthemes discussed identified factors affecting the use of DOACs. They were linked to limited healthcare financial and workforce resources, patient involvement in decision-making, patient knowledge about DOACs, safety concerns about oral anticoagulants, and oral anticoagulant therapy impact on patients' daily lives. Lack of a) opportunities to voice patient preferences and b) information on available therapy options resulted in some patients experiencing difficulties with the prescribed therapy. This was reported to cause negative impact on their daily lives, adherence, and overall satisfaction with the therapy. Conclusion: Greater patient involvement in decision-making could prevent and resolve difficulties encountered by some patients and potentially improve outcomes plus increase the uptake of DOACs. / Pharmacy Research UK (PRUK-2018-GA-1-KM) and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

Yes / Objective: To better understand the factors influencing the uptake of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) across different health economies in National Health Service England from the perspective of health professionals and other health economy stakeholders. Design: Qualitative interview study using a critical realism perspective and informed by the Diffusion of Innovations in Service Organisations model. Setting: Three health economies in the North of England, United Kingdom. Participants: Healthcare professionals involved in the management of patients requiring oral anticoagulants, stakeholders involved in the implementation of DOACs and representatives of pharmaceutical industry companies and patient support groups. Intervention: Semistructured interviews (face-to-face or telephone) were conducted with 46 participants. Interviews were analysed using the Framework method. Results: Identified factors having an impact on the uptake of DOACs were grouped into four themes: perceived value of the innovation, clinician practice environment, local health economy readiness for change, and the external health service context. Together, these factors influenced what therapy options were offered and prescribed to patients with atrial fibrillation. The interviews also highlighted strategies used to improve or restrict the uptake of DOACs and tensions between providing patient-centred care and managing financial implications for commissioners. Conclusions: The findings contribute to the wider literature by providing a new and in-depth understanding on the uptake of DOACs. The findings may be applicable to other new medicines used in chronic health conditions. / This work presents research funded by the Pharmacy Research UK (grant number: PRUK-2018-GA-1-KM) and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (grant number: N/A).

Yes / Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) uptake for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation has been slow.[1] This study aimed to profile the prescribing of DOACs over three years to identify factors associated with DOAC prescribing in a Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) without restrictions to DOACs use. The objectives were to identify: - Characteristics of patients prescribed oral anticoagulant (OAC) in a sample of general practices; - Who initiated the prescribing of OAC; - Recorded reasons for prescribing a DOAC rather than warfarin;

Yes / Warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been shown to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, yet many patients are still not being anticoagulated. This article discusses the barriers to the initiation of oral anticoagulants, in particular DOACs, and how these can be overcome.

Yes / Background and Objective In England, the uptake of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for stroke prevention in atrial fbrillation has been slow and varied across diferent Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs). This study aimed to profle the prescribing of oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fbrillation over 3 years in a CCG without restrictions to DOACs use to understand more about organisational and/or individual barriers to the early uptake of DOACs. Methods Data were collected from nine general practices between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2015 of patients who were initiated on the oral anticoagulant therapy. Data were analysed descriptively and with independent Student’s t test and Chi square test to explore if there was an association between type of oral anticoagulant initiated and sex, age, type of prescriber and prior aspirin use. Results The early uptake of DOACs signifcantly increased over the study period (p<0.0001; medium size efect φc=0.372). There was no statistically signifcant diference between sex or age and type of oral anticoagulant initiated. Primary-care prescribers were responsible for initiating the majority of oral anticoagulants (71%; N=257) and driving the use of DOACs (72%, N=71). Patients switched from aspirin to an oral anticoagulant were more likely to be initiated on warfarin than a DOAC. Conclusions The early use of DOACs, in a CCG without restrictions to their use, was embraced by primary-care prescribers in this particular CCG. / Bayer Pharmaceuticals via an unrestricted educational grant.

The aim of this study was to compare effects of an individualized with a standardized risk assessment for adverse drug reactions to improve drug treatment with antithrombotic drugs in older adults. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in general practitioner (GP) offices. Patients aged 60 years and older, multi-morbid, taking antithrombotic drugs and at least one additional drug continuously were randomized to individualized and standardized risk assessment groups. Patients were followed up for nine months. A composite endpoint defined as at least one bleeding, thromboembolic event or death reported via a trigger list was used. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. In total, N = 340 patients were enrolled from 43 GP offices. Patients in the individualized risk assessment group met the composite endpoint more often than in the standardized group (OR 1.63 [95%CI 1.02–2.63]) with multiple adjustments. The OR was higher in patients on phenprocoumon treatment (OR 1.99 [95%CI 1.05–3.76]), and not significant on DOAC treatment (OR 1.52 [95%CI 0.63–3.69]). Pharmacogenenetic variants of CYP2C9, 2C19 and VKORC1 were not observed to be associated with the composite endpoint. The results of this study may indicate that the time point for implementing individualized risk assessments is of importance.