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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Aspectos psicossociais de m?es de crian?as com dermatite at?pica

Facchin, Tatiana Helena Jos? 10 January 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 437214.pdf: 478041 bytes, checksum: 4e793f4580c95c8274f0a9541991279d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-10 / Psychodermatology is the psychology cluster which specializes in skin related issues, especially for skin chronic diseases. Among these illness, stands out Atopic Dermatitis (AD), dermatosis frequently found in children, especially when there s a relative with, in addition of this diagnosis, asthma and/or rhinitis. This disease is caused by multifactorial factors, once there are immunological, genetic, infectious, environmental, food and psychosomatic factors involved. The presence of AD in a family member leads to a series of changes and adaptations in that institution, because it is a chronic dermatosis with intense pruritus, which causes disturbances in sleep and daily activities, besides having the possibility of financial, social and emotional impact. Thus, it is understood this illness as psychosomatic, because there is an knowledge of inter-relationship between mind and body, in which the disease, regardless of its etiology, breaks the human s existing homeostasis among physical, psychological, social and spiritual. Joyce McDougall is one of the most relevant authors of psychosomatics. Her work focuses on mother-infant relationship, and this has a decisive role in psyche forming. According to her, the disease emergence in a child can be resulting of the anger that a kid feels about the mother figure, when this does not suit his/hers needs, directed by him/herself, in other words, the child somaticizes to not develop a psychosis. Other authors indicate that the mother s emotional condition is essential for the presence or absence of health, especially in the earlier stage of the child. Yet, according to Spitz, Winnicott, Anzieu and Montagu, skin and touch are fundamental to the psychic apparatus development. So, evidences the relationship between the skin disease and the early mother-child relationships. This dissertation is organized in the following way: first is presented a systematic review about the term Psychodermatology in Brazil, in databases: Lilacs, Medline, EBECS, Scielo and Pepsic. 271 articles were found, of which 28 met the inclusion criteria (publications from 2001 to 2011, written in Portuguese, with available abstracts). The results demonstrate that most publications (n=10) refers to case studies or literature reviews (n=8). Only one intervention study was found. These findings denote the need for more research in this area, especially for interventions targeted in the area of skin. The second section presents an empirical study, focused on the children with Atopic Dermatitis mothers, in order to better understand the psychosocial aspects of these, as well as the relation between them and their children. For this purpose, it is a qualitative study, conducted through interviews with mothers of five children between 6 and 9 years old. Interviews were analyzed according to Sistemic Though proposed by Morin. There were found seven thematic axis: the mother s feelings about the diagnosis; because of pregnancy; changes in routine and environment; feelings towards AD; social support; relationship with her husband; and relationship with the child, all of them permeated by the organizer: Atopic Dermatitis. It is observed that the participants have a great emotional distress related to AD. Furthermore, they are the main carers of the children, which generates feelings of loneliness. The findings of this study show a public health problem: AD has a high incidence and psychosocial impact, however, doctors, sometimes, do not feel capable of diagnosing skin diseases, and there is a lack of specialized services for this population. It is clear the need for integrated medical and psychological treatment; for this, it is necessary technical training for appropriate care and humanized attention. / A Psicodermatologia ? o ramo da psicologia que se especializa nas quest?es relacionadas a pele, especialmente ?s doen?as cr?nicas de pele. Dentre estas, destaca-se a Dermatite At?pica (DA), dermatose encontrada frequentemente em crian?as, especialmente quando h? algum familiar com, al?m desse diagn?stico, asma e ou rinite. Esta doen?a tem causa multifatorial, isto ?, est?o envolvidos fatores imunol?gicos, gen?ticos, infecciosos, ambientais, alimentares e psicossom?ticos. A presen?a da DA em algum membro da fam?lia acarreta em uma s?rie de mudan?as e adapta??es nesta institui??o, pois trata-se de uma dermatose cr?nica com prurido intenso, o que gera perturba??es no sono e nas atividades di?rias, al?m de haver possibilidade de impacto financeiro, social e emocional. Desta forma, compreende-se este adoecimento como psicossom?tico, pois h? um entendimento de inter-rela??o mente-corpo, no qual a doen?a, independentemente de qual ? sua etiologia, quebra a homeostase existente entre o f?sico, ps?quico, social e espiritual do ser humano. Joyce McDougall ? uma das autores de maior relev?ncia para a psicossom?tica. Seu trabalho tem como foco a rela??o m?e-beb?, tendo esta um papel determinante para a forma??o do psiquismo. Para ela, o surgimento da doen?a na crian?a pode ser resultante da raiva que esta sente da figura materna, quando esta n?o atende ?s suas necessidades. Esta mesma raiva ? direcionada para si mesma, ou seja, a crian?a pode somatizar para n?o psicotizar. Outros autores apontam que o estado emocional da m?e ? primordial para a presen?a ou aus?ncia de sa?de, especialmente nas fases mais precoces de desenvolvimento da crian?a. Ainda, para Spitz, Winnicott, Anzieu e Montagu, a pele e o toque s?o fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do aparelho ps?quico. Assim, evidencia-se a rela??o existente entre a doen?a de pele e as rela??es iniciais m?e-beb?. A presente disserta??o organiza-se da seguinte forma: primeiramente ? apresentada uma revis?o sistem?tica acerca do termo Psicodermatologia no Brasil, nas bases de dados: Lilacs, Medline, EBECS, Scielo e Pepsic. Foram encontrados 271 artigos, dos quais 28 preenchiam os crit?rios de inclus?o (publica??es de 2001 a 2011, escritas em portugu?s, com resumo disponibilizado). Os resultados demonstram que grande parte das publica??es (n=10) ? referente a estudo de caso ou a revis?es da literatura.(n=8). Apenas um estudo de interven??o foi encontrado. Esses achados denotam a necessidade de mais pesquisas na ?rea, especialmente focadas eminterven??es em dermatologia. A segunda se??o apresenta um estudo emp?rico, cujo foco foram as m?es de crian?as com Dermatite At?pica, para melhor compreender os aspectos psicossociais destas, bem como a rela??o estabelecida entre elas e seus filhos. Para tanto, trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado por meio de entrevistas com 5 m?es de crian?as com idades entre 6 e 9 anos. As entrevistas foram analisadas conforme o pensamento sist?mico proposto por Morin. Foram encontradas sete eixos tem?ticos: sentimento da m?e em rela??o ao diagn?stico; motivo de gravidez; mudan?as na rotina e no ambiente; sentimentos em rela??o a DA; suporte social; rela??o com o marido; e rela??o com o(a) filho(a), todos eles permeados pelo organizador: a Dermatite At?pica. Observa-se que as participantes apresentam um grande sofrimento emocional relacionado a DA. Al?m disso, elas s?o as maiores respons?veis pelos cuidados aos filhos, gerando sentimentos de solid?o. Os achados do estudo evidenciam um problema de sa?de p?blica: a DA possui grande incid?ncia e impacto psicossocial, no entanto, os m?dicos, por vezes, n?o se sentem aptos a diagnosticar doen?as de pele, bem como h? car?ncia de um servi?o especializado para essa popula??o. Torna-se clara a necessidade de tratamento integrado m?dico-psicol?gico; para tanto, ? preciso capacita??o t?cnica para um atendimento adequado e humanizado.

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