Zugl.: Marburg, Univ., Diss., 2003 u.d.T.: Rhein, Gudrun: Kunsttheorie und Kunstkritik im Venedig des Cinquecento

Revision of the author's thesis, Princeton, 1961. / Includes text and translation of Dolce's L'Aretino. Includes bibliographical references.

Le forage de données, méthode et moyens développés dans cette thèse, redéfinit le processus d’extraction de données, de la formalisation de la connaissance et de son enrichissement notamment dans le cadre de l’élucidation d’évènements qui n’ont pas ou peu été documentés. L’accident de la plateforme de forage Deepwater Horizon, opérée pour le compte de BP dans le Golfe du Mexique et victime d’un blowout le 20 avril 2010, sera notre étude de cas pour la mise en place de notre preuve de concept de forage de données. Cet accident est le résultat d’un décalage inédit entre l’état de l’art des heuristiques des ingénieurs de forage et celui des ingénieurs antipollution. La perte de contrôle du puits MC 252-1 est donc une faillite d’ingénierie et il faudra quatre-vingt-sept jours à l’équipe d’intervention pour reprendre le contrôle du puits devenu sauvage et stopper ainsi la pollution. Deepwater Horizon est en ce sens un cas d’ingénierie en situation extrême, tel que défini par Guarnieri et Travadel.Nous proposons d’abord de revenir sur le concept général d’accident au moyen d’une analyse linguistique poussée présentant les espaces sémantiques dans lesquels se situe l’accident. Cela permet d’enrichir son « noyau de sens » et l’élargissement de l’acception commune de sa définition.Puis, nous amenons que la revue de littérature doit être systématiquement appuyée par une assistance algorithmique pour traiter les données compte tenu du volume disponible, de l’hétérogénéité des sources et des impératifs d’exigences de qualité et de pertinence. En effet, plus de huit cent articles scientifiques mentionnant cet accident ont été publiés à ce jour et une vingtaine de rapports d’enquêtes, constituant notre matériau de recherche, ont été produits. Notre méthode montre les limites des modèles d’accidents face à un cas comme Deepwater Horizon et l’impérieuse nécessité de rechercher un moyen de formalisation adéquat de la connaissance.De ce constat, l’utilisation des ontologies de haut niveau doit être encouragée. L’ontologie DOLCE a montré son grand intérêt dans la formalisation des connaissances à propos de cet accident et a permis notamment d’élucider très précisément une prise de décision à un moment critique de l’intervention. La population, la création d’instances, est le coeur de l’exploitation de l’ontologie et son principal intérêt mais le processus est encore très largement manuel et non exempts d’erreurs. Cette thèse propose une réponse partielle à ce problème par un algorithme NER original de population automatique d’une ontologie.Enfin, l’étude des accidents n’échappe pas à la détermination des causes et à la réflexion sur les « faits socialement construits ». Cette thèse propose les plans originaux d’un « pipeline sémantique » construit à l’aide d’une série d’algorithmes qui permet d’extraire la causalité exprimée dans un document et de produire un graphe représentant ainsi le « cheminement causal » sous-jacent au document. On comprend l’intérêt pour la recherche scientifique ou industrielle de la mise en lumière ainsi créée du raisonnement afférent de l’équipe d’enquête. Pour cela, ces travaux exploitent les avancées en Machine Learning et Question Answering et en particulier les outils Natural Language Processing.Cette thèse est un travail d’assembleur, d’architecte, qui amène à la fois un regard premier sur le cas Deepwater Horizon et propose le forage des données, une méthode et des moyens originaux pour aborder un évènement, afin de faire émerger du matériau de recherche des réponses à des questionnements qui échappaient jusqu’alors à la compréhension. / Data drilling, the method and means developed in this thesis, redefines the process of data extraction, the formalization of knowledge and its enrichment, particularly in the context of the elucidation of events that have not or only slightly been documented. The Deepwater Horizon disaster, the drilling platform operated for BP in the Gulf of Mexico that suffered a blowout on April 20, 2010, will be our case study for the implementation of our proof of concept for data drilling. This accident is the result of an unprecedented discrepancy between the state of the art of drilling engineers' heuristics and that of pollution response engineers. The loss of control of the MC 252-1 well is therefore an engineering failure and it will take the response party eighty-seven days to regain control of the wild well and halt the pollution. Deepwater Horizon is in this sense a case of engineering facing extreme situation, as defined by Guarnieri and Travadel.First, we propose to return to the overall concept of accident by means of an in-depth linguistic analysis presenting the semantic spaces in which the accident takes place. This makes it possible to enrich its "core meaning" and broaden the shared acceptance of its definition.Then, we bring that the literature review must be systematically supported by algorithmic assistance to process the data taking into account the available volume, the heterogeneity of the sources and the requirements of quality and relevance standards. In fact, more than eight hundred scientific articles mentioning this accident have been published to date and some twenty investigation reports, constituting our research material, have been produced. Our method demonstrates the limitations of accident models when dealing with a case like Deepwater Horizon and the urgent need to look for an appropriate way to formalize knowledge.As a result, the use of upper-level ontologies should be encouraged. The DOLCE ontology has shown its great interest in formalizing knowledge about this accident and especially in elucidating very accurately a decision-making process at a critical moment of the intervention. The population, the creation of instances, is the heart of the exploitation of ontology and its main interest, but the process is still largely manual and not without mistakes. This thesis proposes a partial answer to this problem by an original NER algorithm for the automatic population of an ontology.Finally, the study of accidents involves determining the causes and examining "socially constructed facts". This thesis presents the original plans of a "semantic pipeline" built with a series of algorithms that extract the expressed causality in a document and produce a graph that represents the "causal path" underlying the document. It is significant for scientific or industrial research to highlight the reasoning behind the findings of the investigation team. To do this, this work leverages developments in Machine Learning and Question Answering and especially the Natural Language Processing tools.As a conclusion, this thesis is a work of a fitter, an architect, which offers both a prime insight into the Deepwater Horizon case and proposes the data drilling, an original method and means to address an event, in order to uncover answers from the research material for questions that had previously escaped understanding.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar alguns aspectos que permitam sistematizar uma teoria da arte na Veneza do século XVI, a partir de dois tratados artísticos: o Dialogo di Pittura, de Paolo Pino (1548) e o Dialogo della Pittura intitolato LAretino, de Lodovico Dolce (1557). Para isto, enfoca cinco problemas: o conceito de mimesis; a estrutura dos tratados em sua relação com a Arte Retórica; Pino e Dolce como representantes da doutrina do ut pictura poesis; o ideal de beleza e a disputa pela primazia da cor sobre o desenho. / This research deals with some aspects that enable to systematize an artistic theory in Venice from sixteenth century, from two artistic treatises: Paolo Pinos Dialogo di Pittura (1548) and Lodovico Dolces Dialogo della Pittura intitolato LAretino (1557). In order to get over this objective we will discuss five problems: mimesis notion; the treatises structure in your relation with Rhetoric; Pino and Dolce as ut pictura poesis doctrine members; the ideal of beauty and the debate for the primacy of colour over design.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar alguns aspectos que permitam sistematizar uma teoria da arte na Veneza do século XVI, a partir de dois tratados artísticos: o Dialogo di Pittura, de Paolo Pino (1548) e o Dialogo della Pittura intitolato LAretino, de Lodovico Dolce (1557). Para isto, enfoca cinco problemas: o conceito de mimesis; a estrutura dos tratados em sua relação com a Arte Retórica; Pino e Dolce como representantes da doutrina do ut pictura poesis; o ideal de beleza e a disputa pela primazia da cor sobre o desenho. / This research deals with some aspects that enable to systematize an artistic theory in Venice from sixteenth century, from two artistic treatises: Paolo Pinos Dialogo di Pittura (1548) and Lodovico Dolces Dialogo della Pittura intitolato LAretino (1557). In order to get over this objective we will discuss five problems: mimesis notion; the treatises structure in your relation with Rhetoric; Pino and Dolce as ut pictura poesis doctrine members; the ideal of beauty and the debate for the primacy of colour over design.

The aim of the research documented in the thesis was to design an ontology for the knowledge organization domain. Three requirements specifying areas of ontology use have been identified: making of statements for a knowledge base for knowledge organization, indexing of resources in the domain and interlinking with content-relevant ontologies. The design was elaborated by the method of reengineering the first version of ontology, created in the framework of the NAKI research project Knowledge base for subject area of knowledge organization in 2013-2015. The second version of ontology is based on the DOLCE foundational ontology, specifically on the reusing of its selected classes and predicates, including the axioms associated with them. The reengineering of the content of the first version of ontology was done by the domain and facet analysis methodology. The outcome is divided in two interlinked modules - axiomatized heavy- weight core ontology and light-weight terminological ontology. The ontology offers a solution to the compatibility of Czech and world terminology, it applies an extended concept of domain beyond the scope of memory institutions, and it presents a partial contribution to the development of the theory of knowledge organization. The content of the thesis is divided into five...

Dante Alighieri foi poeta medieval que escreveu para a mulher versos amorosos em um período de profunda misoginia. Muitas são as presenças femininas nas suas poesias da fase lírica anterior à criação da Divina Comédia. Este estudo centra com especial atenção a visão que o poeta constrói da mulher durante a sua fase experimentalista e de escambo poético com amigos da escola poética florentina, o doce estilo novo, apontando que a linguagem e a visão da mulher são construídas durante esse período e estão presentes também na composição da Comédia, em particular no Inferno, Canto V, onde figura Francesca da Rimini, e no Purgatório com Matelda. Estas mulheres fazem com que o poeta recorde os pressupostos da escola poética fundada com seus jovens amigos. / Dante Alighieri was a medieval poet who wrote his lines to the woman living during a very deeply misosynist age. There is a lot of feminine presence in his juvenile lyric poetry´s creation, before the Divina Commedia. This work focuses especial attention to the construction of the role playing of the women during his exprementalist fase with his florentines youthful friends of dolce stil nuovo, pointing for the language and the representations of women continuous presents in his magnum opus, showing that language as the vision of the women, both contructed during this period, presents on the Cantic V, Inferno, with Francesca da Rimini and, on the Purgatorio with Matelda. This woman brings the memories of the beginning of Dante´s school founded with his friends.

Indulgent and desirable, luxury both boasts and seduces. Luxury is an elaboration on the essential, manifest in forms of etiquette and exclusion. Films index both reality and fantasy. They reflect, denounce, and exaggerate, making them invaluable cultural documents. Post-World War Two, the ease of air travel, mass production of goods, and foreign influence changed the face of luxury. By examining the films To Catch a Thief (1955), La Dolce Vita (1960), and Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1961) – all three from the era of this shift in luxury – this essay excavates this change, by examining the narrative, objects, and architecture of selected scenes.

Indulgent and desirable, luxury both boasts and seduces. Luxury is an elaboration on the essential, manifest in forms of etiquette and exclusion. Films index both reality and fantasy. They reflect, denounce, and exaggerate, making them invaluable cultural documents. Post-World War Two, the ease of air travel, mass production of goods, and foreign influence changed the face of luxury. By examining the films To Catch a Thief (1955), La Dolce Vita (1960), and Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1961) – all three from the era of this shift in luxury – this essay excavates this change, by examining the narrative, objects, and architecture of selected scenes.

Dante Alighieri foi poeta medieval que escreveu para a mulher versos amorosos em um período de profunda misoginia. Muitas são as presenças femininas nas suas poesias da fase lírica anterior à criação da Divina Comédia. Este estudo centra com especial atenção a visão que o poeta constrói da mulher durante a sua fase experimentalista e de escambo poético com amigos da escola poética florentina, o doce estilo novo, apontando que a linguagem e a visão da mulher são construídas durante esse período e estão presentes também na composição da Comédia, em particular no Inferno, Canto V, onde figura Francesca da Rimini, e no Purgatório com Matelda. Estas mulheres fazem com que o poeta recorde os pressupostos da escola poética fundada com seus jovens amigos. / Dante Alighieri was a medieval poet who wrote his lines to the woman living during a very deeply misosynist age. There is a lot of feminine presence in his juvenile lyric poetry´s creation, before the Divina Commedia. This work focuses especial attention to the construction of the role playing of the women during his exprementalist fase with his florentines youthful friends of dolce stil nuovo, pointing for the language and the representations of women continuous presents in his magnum opus, showing that language as the vision of the women, both contructed during this period, presents on the Cantic V, Inferno, with Francesca da Rimini and, on the Purgatorio with Matelda. This woman brings the memories of the beginning of Dante´s school founded with his friends.