International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / Generally, to meet the Telemetry and Tracking functions in space probes, RF packages are realised using dedicated circuit configurations and different building blocks. While this approach is warranted for certain Space missions, for some Space programmes, which are basically Technology demonstrators and where the main emphasis is on higher flexibility with minimal complexity - usage of multifunction RF modules (MFRM), would be highly avantageous. The MFRM, which can be considered as a RF package, has a flexible configuration and is built around Common basic building blocks like broadband MMIC, wide band amplifiers, switches, Dielectric Resonant Oscillators (DRO), Numerically Controlled Oscillators (NCO), etc. It also has a Microcontroller, whose function is to select the required configuration and make necessary interconnections between the building blocks, so as to achieve a specific end function, based on the pre set commands from system designer. The commands can either be preprogrammed or they can be through uplink Telecommand signals from the ground stations. A brief outline of the results of the proto unit of a MFRM which can be configured for different end RF functions, through a microcontroller is presented in the paper. It is expected that in Space missions like LEO programmes, Microsats, Reentry, Microgravity experiments etc, the MFRM approach would offer greater flexibility to the system designer at reduced-cost, complexity and production turn around time.

No description available.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Alexa A. Havlicek, for the Master of Science degree in Behavior Analysis, presented on November 3, 2017 at Southern Illinois University. TITLE: TRAINING PARAPROFESSIONAL USE OF DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT OF OTHER BEHAVIOR PROCEDURES USING BEHAVIORAL SKILLS TRAINING MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Ruth Anne Rehfeldt Students with disabilities often exhibit problem behaviors in the classroom. Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors (DRO) has been found to be an effective strategy in decreasing problem behaviors and increasing other appropriate behaviors for students with disabilities. Research has found that Behavioral Skills Training (BST) can be an effective and efficient way to train paraprofessionals to implement classroom procedures. There were three participants included in the current study. Diane was a 58 year-old female that had been working at the school for 9 years. Dale was a 29 year-old male who had been working for the school for 2 months. Gary was a 25 year-old male who had been working for the school for 3 years. Limited research has been conducted using BST to train paraprofessionals how to implement DRO procedures in the classroom. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of BST on paraprofessional’s percentage of correct implementation of DRO procedures using a multiple-baseline design. Results showed that Diane had a mean of 0% correct implementation of DRO procedures during baseline, which, increased to 89% following intervention. Dale had a mean of 1.7% and this increased to 90% following intervention. Gary had a mean of 5%, which, increased to 85% following intervention. Keywords: DRO, paraprofessionals, students with disabilities, BST

Previous works have validated the concept of a microwave rain gauge that operates as follows. With a microwave Doppler motion sensor, the Doppler shift created by falling rain drops is measured. One can then relate the corresponding fall velocity to rain rate. However, the available Doppler motion sensors are lacking in several aspects. Here we address the important electronic design and signal processing considerations related to a microwave-based rain gauge.

No description available.

Le système nerveux consiste en plusieurs types cellulaires quels interagissent avec eux-mêmes pour conduire des potentiels d’action du soma au travers l’axone vers la synapse. Dans les nerfs périphériques, les cellules de Schwann interagissent avec les neurones par enrouler autour l’axone et créer une gaine de myéline. Cette gaine de myéline permit une conduction rapide des potentiels d’action de nœud de Ranvier vers nœud de Ranvier, quels sont petits régions non-myélinisés de l’axone. En plus, les cellules de Schwann transportent du lactate vers le neurone et le neurone utilise ce lactate pour la production d’énergie sous la forme d’ATP. Cette production est nécessaire, parce que beaucoup de processus dans des cellules, comme la conduction des potentiels d’action, ont besoin d’ATP. Trois mécanismes sont impliqués à la production d’ATP : la glycolyse dans le cytosol et le cycle de Krebs et la chaîne de transport d'électrons dans les mitochondries. Par contre, la production d’ATP par des mitochondries résulte en la production du dérivés réactifs de l'oxygène (DRO), quels provoquent du stress oxydative. DRO peuvent être présent en plusieurs formes et ces formes différentes ont des traits spécifiques, mais tous les formes peuvent endommager la cellule. Par exemple, l’ion superoxyde est très réactif donc ils agissent extrêmement vite avec les molécules dans son environnement. Par contre, peroxyde d'hydrogène est un type de DRO quel est moins réactif, mais peut diffuser à plus longue distances et peut oxyder des cibles plus distales. Heureusement, les cellules sont équipées avec un système antioxydant compétant en consistent une groupe d’enzymes antioxydant, quels réduisent du DRO à l’eau. Si les mitochondries dysfonctionnent ou si l’équilibre entre DRO et antioxydants devient en disbalance, des neuropathies pourraient se développer, comme sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA), sclérose en plaques (SEP), maladie d'Alzheimer et maladie de Parkinson. Au SNP, des neuropathies périphériques comme la maladie Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) peuvent se développer en raison d’excès du DRODans cette thèse, je présente un modèle élaboré pour la production d’ATP et DRO par les mitochondries in vivo. Je montrerai comment les cellules de Schwann utilisent l’effet Warburg, la transition de métabolisme de phosphorylation oxydative à glycolyse, pour la production de lactate, quel est transporté vers le neurone pour la production d’énergie. Je montrerai aussi que sans l’effet Warburg dans des cellules de Schwann, le métabolisme neuronal est détérioré menant à la production d’ATP diminué, déficits neuronales et des problèmes moteurs. Suite à l’activité nerveuse, la production d’ATP par des mitochondries augmente, mais aussi la production de DRO. Pourtant les deux productions ne sont pas en parallèle. En plus, je montre que la physiologie mitochondriale est affectée par des neuropathies. Aux souris avec défectueux mitofusin2, un modèle pour CMT2A, le contact entre le réticulum endoplasmique et les mitochondries est diminué, à côté d’un changement de morphologie et fonction mitochondriale. En plus, démyélinisation résulte dans des déficits de la production ATP et DRO, montrent une dissociation pathologique entre la production d’ATP et DRO.Pour obtenir ces résultats, des techniques d'imagerie avancées étaient utilisé pour imager les nerfs périphériques des souris transgéniques. Ces transgènes sont introduit dans les souris par injection des vecteurs virales, quels induisent l’expression des sondes fluorescents dans les cellules neuronales. Ces sondes fluorescentes étaient détectées par microscopie multiphotonique. En plus du modèle de la production d’ATP et DRO dans des nerfs périphériques, je présente un protocole pour introduire des vecteurs viraux dans le nerf sciatique. / The nervous system consists of several cell types that interact with each other in order to conduct action potentials from the neuronal soma through axons to the synapse. In peripheral nerves, Schwann cells interact with neurons by wrapping around the axon and creating a myelin sheath. This myelin sheath allows for fast conduction of action potentials from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier, which are small unmyelinated areas of the axon. In addition, Schwann cells transfer lactate to the neuron, which the axonal mitochondria use to produce energy in the form of ATP. This is necessary, because many cellular processes, such as the conduction of action potentials use ATP. The production of ATP involves three mechanisms: anaerobic glycolysis in the cytosol and the Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain within mitochondria. However, the production of ATP by mitochondria also results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause cell damage. ROS can be present in several different forms and these different forms have specific properties. For example, superoxide anions are highly reactive and subsequently react rapidly with the molecules in their environment. Hydrogen peroxide on the other hand is less reactive but hence can diffuse over longer distances and react with their targets more distally. Fortunately, the cell contains a competent antioxidant system, which can reduce ROS to water. When mitochondria malfunction or when the equilibrium between ROS and antioxidants becomes in disbalance, neuropathies can develop, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease. In the PNS, peripheral neuropathies can develop such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease as a result from an excess of ROS.In this thesis, I will provide an elaborate model for ATP and ROS production by axonal mitochondria in vivo. I will show how Schwann cells use the Warburg effect, the shift in metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis, to produce lactate, which is then transported to the neuron for energy production. I also demonstrate that without the Warburg effect in Schwann cells neuronal metabolism would be impaired, leading to impaired ATP production, neuronal deficits and motor problems. Following action potential firing, not only ATP is produced by mitochondria, but also ROS, although with independent dynamics. In addition, I show that mitochondrial physiology is affected by several neuropathologies. In mitofusin2 deficient mice, a model for CMT2A, contact between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria is impaired next to affected mitochondrial morphology and function. Also demyelination causes deficits in mitochondrial ATP and ROS production, showing a pathologic decoupling between ATP and ROS.To obtain these results, advanced imaging techniques were used to image peripheral nerves of transgenic mice. These transgenes were introduced in mice via injection of viral vectors which induce expression of fluorescent probes in neuronal cells. These fluorescent probes were detected via multiphoton microscopy. Next to the model for ATP and ROS production in peripheral nerves, I provide a protocol for introducing viral vectors into mouse sciatic nerves.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Bannwart / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica e Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T18:13:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_FernandoFabris_M.pdf: 2246872 bytes, checksum: 214594df4e03b6e7638cc0a23a757366 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: As empresas de petróleo, através de seu segmento de exploração e produção - E&P - têm buscado o'aproveitamento das reservas de óleos. pesados, delimitando-as e produzindo-as de forma economicamente viável. Nessa busca, a atividade de Elevação e Escoamento tem o papel de viabilizar a movimentação desses óleos através de linhas e dutos. Um óleo é geralmente denominado pesado quando sua densidade é maior que 934 kg/m3, ou seja, seu grau API é inferior a 20, e sua viscosidade maior que 100 cP em condições de reservatório, características que dificultam sua movimentação e processamento primário. Este trabalho investiga o escoamento trifásico de misturas de óleo pesado cru com ar e água em um tubo vertical de vidro, em proporções variadas das três fases, no qual a água é injetada de forma a impedir o contato do óleo com a parede e reduzir o atrito (sistema core-flow). Para cada trio de vazões lidas nos correspondentes rotâmetros, determinou-se o padrão de escoamento com o auxílio de uma câmera de filmagem rápida (1000 quadros/segundo), e mediu-se o gradiente de pressão por meio de um transdutor diferencial de pressão. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de mapas de fluxo baseados nas velocidades superficiais e gráficos de gradiente de pressão total, possibilitando algumas comparações e interpretações. A principal conclusão aponta para a grande viabilidade da técnica de escoamento proposta. / Abstract: The oil companies, by their Exploration and Production departments (E&P), have worldwide sought viable means of recovery and prQduction of heavy oil fields, so as to aggregate and delimit those reserves in order to provide the highest revenues. In this search, the role of elevation and flow is to supply an adequate transport for these oils through lines and ducts. An oil is generally considered to be 'heavy' whenever its density is higher than 934 kg/m3 (i.e. API degree lower thari 20) and its viscosity is higher than 100 cP at reservo ir conditions; these features make it difficult their transportation and primary processing. In this work the threephase flow of a heavy crude oil, air and water in a vertical glass pipe, at several combinations of flow rates, is investigated, in which water is injected so as to avoid oil-wall contact and reduce friction (core-flow system). For each trio offlow rates read at the correspondent rotameters, the flow pattem was determined using a high speed camera (1000 ftames/second), and the pressure gradient was provided by a differential pressure transducer. The results are presented in flow maps based on superficial velocities and total pressure gradient 'plots, allowing some comparisons and interpretations. The main conclusion indicates the great viability of the proposed flow technique. / Mestrado / Explotação / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Bannwart / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T21:05:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trevisan_FranciscoExaltacao_M.pdf: 3270691 bytes, checksum: fe9889927a406d7a231ce2e2e37eb5cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: Considerados de grande importância na indústria de petróleo, os óleos pesados constituem grande parte da reserva nacional, e mundial, a ser explotada e produzida. Devido a dificuldades associadas às características desfavoráveis deste tipo de óleo, como viscosidade e densidade, tem-se procurado métodos que viabilizem economicamente sua produção e transporte. Uma dessas técnicas é o core flow, que consiste basicamente na injeção lateral de pequenas quantidades de água junto ao óleo para que a primeira lubrifique o escoamento. Entretanto com a queda de pressão ao longo da tubulação, é inevitável que haja o desprendimento do gás inicialmente em solução no petróleo, o que altera as características do escoamento bifásico óleo pesado-água. Neste trabalho foram feitos testes experimentais para obter diversas informações sobre os padrões de fluxo em escoamento horizontal e as queda de pressão correspondentes. Foram elaborados mapas de fluxo onde se encontram os diversos padrões observados para cada trio de vazões de cada fase escoada. Os gradientes de pressão obtidos foram apresentados em forma de cartas e também comparados com outros tipos de fluxo, para melhor avaliar o comportamento das perdas de carga. Além disso, foi elaborado uma correlação matemática que prevê o gradiente de pressão estimando uma viscosidade equivalente do fluxo trifásico. A presença do gás aumentou o gradiente de pressão, porém o método de injeção de água para o transporte de óleos pesados provou ainda ser eficaz / Abstract: Considered to be of great importance to the oil industry, heavy oils represent a significant part of national, and worldwide, unexploited reserves. Do to the difficulties associated with the unfavorable characteristics ofthis type of oil, such as viscosity and density, heavy oil economic production and transportation techniques are being studied. One of these methods is the core flow, which consists on the lateral injection offew amounts ofwater that lubricates the oil flow. However, the pressure drop along the tube makes the gas dissociation inevitable, which wiIl alter the oil-water flow characteristics. This work presents an experimental study done to obtain more information on horizontal three-phase flow pattems and the corresponding pressure drop. Flow maps were developed, where the observed pattems were related to its corresponding superficial velocity trios. The obtained pressure gradients are presented in graphic forms and compared to other flow types, for a better evaluation of its behavior. A mathematical correlation that predicts the pressure loss by estimating an equivalent viscosity was also developed. Despite the pressure gradient increase, caused by the gaseous phase, the technique of water injection for the transport ofheavy oil has still proven to be efficient / Mestrado / Explotação / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Functional analysis procedures were used to assess and treat multiple topographies of self-injurious behavior exhibited by an individual. An experimental functional analysis indicated that one topography, hand biting, appeared to be maintained by social positive reinforcement in the form of delivery of tangible items. The analysis also provided evidence that a second form of self-injury, skin picking, was automatically reinforced. To treat positively reinforced hand biting, access to a preferred tangible was arranged contingent on the omission of biting for a prespecified time interval. Hand biting was nearly eliminated, and low rates were maintained as the schedule of reinforcement was thinned to 10 min. Competing stimulus assessments identified that magazines effectively suppressed all occurrences of skin picking; therefore, noncontingent access to magazines was implemented. Using a combination of multielement and multiple baseline designs, we were able to demonstrate that the two topographies of self-injury were maintained by independent reinforcement contingencies and that interventions corresponding to each topography and function effectively treated both behaviors.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine some of the potential fates of processing reagents in a coal preparation plant.  The focus is specifically on petro-diesel (termed "diesel" in this paper), which is used as a collector in the flotation of fine coal.  Diesel range organics (DRO) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are measured in aqueous samples using gas chromatography equipped with either a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) or a mass spectrometer (GC-MS).  Samples are subjected to a variety of test conditions in order to understand the behavior of diesel compounds in coal processing streams. Results show that frother and collector reagents are not likely to partition completely to a single fraction of the process slurry.  Further test work has shown that sub-ppm levels of DRO dominated by the water soluble fraction of diesel are expected to be present in process waters; however, PAHs and insoluble DRO may be removed via volatilization and/or degradation.  DRO and PAHs are also expected to be desorbed from coal particles when contacted with fresh water.  Flotation tests have revealed that low levels of DRO are found in both the concentrate and tailings processing streams with slightly higher concentrations being found in the concentrate stream.  From the tests performed in this thesis, it appears as though there is no apparent environmental concern when coal preparation plants are operating under normal conditions. / Master of Science