The aims of the studies undertaken were to investigate the physiological and serum biochemical changes associated with muscle damage, and to test possible treatments for this condition. Initial studies examined the effects of walking 37 km daily for 4 days and of running 21.1 km and 25.6 km road race events in different groups of subjects. Prolonged walking produced little soreness, but daily increases in serum creatine kinase (CK) activity were recorded. In the two running studies, delayed increases in the serum activity of the enzymes CK, lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were observed, as were changes in the CK and LD isoenzyme pattern. In a further study, the CK-MM isoform response to a maximal eccentric arm exercise was studied in 8 subjects. Although total CK activity continued to increase for 5 days after exercise, the CK MM1:MM3 ratio peaked at 48 h after exercise, when muscle soreness also peaked. Two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were assessed for their effectiveness in the muscle soreness condition. Diclofenac and ibuprofen were tested in double-blind crossover studies in which drug or placebo were administered before and after two bouts of 45 minutes downhill running. Neither drug proved effective in reducing muscle soreness or serum enzyme changes after the eccentric exercise. The effect of prior vitamin C supplementation on the same parameters was assessed, but this treatment also proved ineffective. A final study examined the effect of exercise during the period of muscle soreness and damage. In this study, a light eccentric exercise bout was performed 24 h after a heavy eccentric bout, using the same arm muscles. Performance of the light bout did not alter the symptoms of muscle soreness, but did effect serum CK activity changes and resistance to muscle fatigue during later eccentric exercise.

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Typescript. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawaii, 1985. / Bibliography: leaves 199-213. / Photocopy. / xi, 213 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Thesis (MAppSc in Physiotherapy)--University of South Australia,1997

Thesis (MHlthSc(OccTh))--University of South Australia, 1999

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of South Australia, 1995.

Predominant theories regarding adjustment and adaptation from the 1960s to mid 1980 are examined. Medical literature relating to outcomes after traumatic brain injury is examined. The gloom in major texts is surprising. The lack of definition of the commonly used term ???long-term??? is discussed. The relative lack of research to guide advice about very long-term prognoses remains a major concern. There are a number of ways of defining reality. Some come from an observer???s view of a person???s life. Some come from the reports of a significant other in the life of the person with TBI. Others come from the words or writings of the person who sustained a serious TBI. Quantitative research excels at summarising data and reaching generalisations based on statistical projections. Qualitative research excels at telling the story from the person???s viewpoint, providing the rich descriptive detail that sets quantitative results into their human context. An opportunistic sample of people who suffered a very severe TBI in 1981 was traced and narratives of their experiences since their injury obtained, either written or converted to text from interview. The texts were analysed using a qualitative technique based on grounded theory. The results of the analysis, the fact that a variety of approaches were used by people to deal with their problems, possible reasons for negative prognoses, and the limitations of the study are highlighted. Possible reasons why negativity appears to pervade the thinking of some health professionals involved with people with TBI, and possible directions for the future in therapy and research are discussed.

Predominant theories regarding adjustment and adaptation from the 1960s to mid 1980 are examined. Medical literature relating to outcomes after traumatic brain injury is examined. The gloom in major texts is surprising. The lack of definition of the commonly used term ???long-term??? is discussed. The relative lack of research to guide advice about very long-term prognoses remains a major concern. There are a number of ways of defining reality. Some come from an observer???s view of a person???s life. Some come from the reports of a significant other in the life of the person with TBI. Others come from the words or writings of the person who sustained a serious TBI. Quantitative research excels at summarising data and reaching generalisations based on statistical projections. Qualitative research excels at telling the story from the person???s viewpoint, providing the rich descriptive detail that sets quantitative results into their human context. An opportunistic sample of people who suffered a very severe TBI in 1981 was traced and narratives of their experiences since their injury obtained, either written or converted to text from interview. The texts were analysed using a qualitative technique based on grounded theory. The results of the analysis, the fact that a variety of approaches were used by people to deal with their problems, possible reasons for negative prognoses, and the limitations of the study are highlighted. Possible reasons why negativity appears to pervade the thinking of some health professionals involved with people with TBI, and possible directions for the future in therapy and research are discussed.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 1999. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.