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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:32:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zoilo_cs_me_ilha.pdf: 12699261 bytes, checksum: 406869a1e5d7660e35ad7822ccd54760 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A reação química que ocorre no concreto entre os álcalis oriundos predominantemente do cimento e a sílica amorfa proveniente do agregado gera um produto higroscópico e expansivo que pode causar sérios danos à estrutura. Este processo é conhecido como reação álcaliagregado (RAA). A expansão provocada pelo produto da reação pode levar uma estrutura a apresentar elevados deslocamentos diferenciais e ao surgimento de fissuras com movimentações evolutivas, entre outros tipos de problemas operacionais. A Usina Hidrelétrica (UHE) de Jaguari, pertencente à Companhia Energética de São Paulo (CESP), tem apresentado problemas relacionados à ocorrência de RAA desde a década de 80, aproximadamente dez anos após o término da sua construção, o que torna imprescindível monitorar os deslocamentos, avaliar a intensidade e a duração do fenômeno e verificar a necessidade de intervenções antecipadas para que seu perfeito funcionamento não fique comprometido. Diante disto, fez-se necessário e oportuno investigar o concreto da usina e realizar a implantação de um sistema de monitoramento para acompanhamento do fenômeno expansivo. Este trabalho contempla o relato do desenvolvimento de um projeto para o monitoramento das estruturas da tomada d’água da UHE Jaguari, demonstrando detalhadamente as justificativas e particularidades das técnicas utilizadas e das instalações no local e faz uma análise preliminar dos resultados das medições verificados por um período de tempo relativo ao projeto e suas indicações para a tomada d’água. O sistema de monitoramento implantado contemplou a observação das principais movimentações causadas pela RAA, por meio de equipamentos tradicionais, adaptados para o local e o desenvolvimento de dois aparatos de medição de movimentos relativos entre paredes, com equipamentos de princípio de funcionamento ótico e indutivo / The chemical reaction that occurs in concrete, between predominantly alkalis from the cement and amorphous silica arising from the aggregate generates a hygroscopic, expansive product, which may severely damage the structure. This process is known as Alkali- Aggregate Reaction (AAR). The expansion caused by the product of the reaction may lead a structure to present large differential displacements and cracks with evolution motion, among other types of operational problems. Jaguari Hydroelectric Power Plant owned by Companhia Energética de São Paulo - CESP, has been having problems related to the incidence of AAR since 1980s, approximately ten years after its construction was completed, what turns indispensable to monitor displacements, assess the intensity and duration of a phenomenon and check the need for interventions beforehand so that perfect operation is not committed. Therefore, it has become necessary and timely to investigate the concrete and carry out the implantation of a monitoring system to follow up the expansive phenomenon. This project contemplates the report of development the monitoring project of Jaguari water intake structure, detailing the techniques used for the installation of the instrumentation, besides a preliminary investigation of the measurements results checked by a period of relative time to the project and their indications for water intake structure. The monitoring system implanted has contemplated the observation of the main motions caused by AAR, by means of traditional equipment adjusted to the place and the development of two devices for measuring the relative motion between walls, with equipment based on optical and inductive principle of operation equipment

Resumo: A reação química que ocorre no concreto entre os álcalis oriundos predominantemente do cimento e a sílica amorfa proveniente do agregado gera um produto higroscópico e expansivo que pode causar sérios danos à estrutura. Este processo é conhecido como reação álcaliagregado (RAA). A expansão provocada pelo produto da reação pode levar uma estrutura a apresentar elevados deslocamentos diferenciais e ao surgimento de fissuras com movimentações evolutivas, entre outros tipos de problemas operacionais. A Usina Hidrelétrica (UHE) de Jaguari, pertencente à Companhia Energética de São Paulo (CESP), tem apresentado problemas relacionados à ocorrência de RAA desde a década de 80, aproximadamente dez anos após o término da sua construção, o que torna imprescindível monitorar os deslocamentos, avaliar a intensidade e a duração do fenômeno e verificar a necessidade de intervenções antecipadas para que seu perfeito funcionamento não fique comprometido. Diante disto, fez-se necessário e oportuno investigar o concreto da usina e realizar a implantação de um sistema de monitoramento para acompanhamento do fenômeno expansivo. Este trabalho contempla o relato do desenvolvimento de um projeto para o monitoramento das estruturas da tomada d'água da UHE Jaguari, demonstrando detalhadamente as justificativas e particularidades das técnicas utilizadas e das instalações no local e faz uma análise preliminar dos resultados das medições verificados por um período de tempo relativo ao projeto e suas indicações para a tomada d'água. O sistema de monitoramento implantado contemplou a observação das principais movimentações causadas pela RAA, por meio de equipamentos tradicionais, adaptados para o local e o desenvolvimento de dois aparatos de medição de movimentos relativos entre paredes, com equipamentos de princípio de funcionamento ótico e indutivo / Abstract: The chemical reaction that occurs in concrete, between predominantly alkalis from the cement and amorphous silica arising from the aggregate generates a hygroscopic, expansive product, which may severely damage the structure. This process is known as Alkali- Aggregate Reaction (AAR). The expansion caused by the product of the reaction may lead a structure to present large differential displacements and cracks with evolution motion, among other types of operational problems. Jaguari Hydroelectric Power Plant owned by Companhia Energética de São Paulo - CESP, has been having problems related to the incidence of AAR since 1980s, approximately ten years after its construction was completed, what turns indispensable to monitor displacements, assess the intensity and duration of a phenomenon and check the need for interventions beforehand so that perfect operation is not committed. Therefore, it has become necessary and timely to investigate the concrete and carry out the implantation of a monitoring system to follow up the expansive phenomenon. This project contemplates the report of development the monitoring project of Jaguari water intake structure, detailing the techniques used for the installation of the instrumentation, besides a preliminary investigation of the measurements results checked by a period of relative time to the project and their indications for water intake structure. The monitoring system implanted has contemplated the observation of the main motions caused by AAR, by means of traditional equipment adjusted to the place and the development of two devices for measuring the relative motion between walls, with equipment based on optical and inductive principle of operation equipment / Orientador: Jorge Luís Akasaki / Coorientador: Haroldo de Mayo Bernardes / Banca: José Antonio Mattiesen / Banca: Selmo Chapira Kuperman / Mestre

A project report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. / The research report summarises the theory of consolidation, for both linear infinitesimal strain, and for non-linear finite strain. The non-linear finite strain theory isadopted in a computer program to model the building of a tailings dam by thin layers. This program provides the pore water pressure profile over the depth of the deposit, as well as the settlement of the deposit. Making use of the program and the consolidation properties of five mining residues and two industrial residues, the build up of excess pore water pressures is modelled for different rates of deposition of the waste products. These results are used in determining how the rate of deposition affects the stability of the outer slope of a tailings dam. Also, the difference in the stored volume in a dam is investigated, based on different drainage condltions and rates of deposition. / Andrew Chakane 2018

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa a large number of dams owned by the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) need to be rehabilitated. This study investigated the decision process involved in the prioritisation of dams for rehabilitation. DWA developed a risk analysis methodology for defining the risks associated with dam safety, expressed as the combination of the probability and consequences of dam failure. These risks are evaluated usingmultiple acceptability criteria to assess risk to human life and the economic, social, socio-economic and environmental impacts of dam failure. In this study, the criteria used in the decision process to evaluate the acceptability of life safety risks were evaluated by comparing to international best practice methods, where the acceptability of risk to human life is commonly assessed as the expected number of fatalities against life safety criteria presented as FN-criteria on an FN-diagram. Damrehabilitation should reduce the probability of dam failure, thereby reducing the risk to society in terms of the expected lives lost. However, the rehabilitation works come at a cost and the level of these investments are usually large. In addition, the rehabilitation of South African government owned dams are financed by society and these financial resources are limited. Thus investments into dam rehabilitation works should be worthwhile for society. Society’s Willingness to Pay (SWTP) for safety was applied to South African dam safety to determine the acceptable level of expenditure into life safety that is required by society. Investments into improved safety levels are not always dictated by society, but could also be driven by the decision maker or owner requiring an economically optimal solution for the rehabilitation. Economic optimisation accounts for considerations additional to life safety, including economic motivations, damage costs of dam failure as well as compensation costs for lives lost. Often economic optimisation would govern the decision problem. Also, the DWA current evaluation does not take the cost of rehabilitation into account in any way. Thus, FN-criteria that primarily evaluates life safety, but also incorporates a measure of economic efficiency, were suggested in this study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid-Afrika moet ’n groot aantal dammewat deur dieDepartement vanWaterwese (DWA) besit word gerehabiliteer word. Hierdie studie het die besluitnemingsproses ondersoekwat toegepasword om damme te prioritiseer vir rehabilitasiewerke. DWA het ’n bestaande metodologie wat gebaseer is op risiko-analise. Die risikos wat verband hou met damveiligheid word deur die metode bepaal en word uitgedruk as die kombinasie van waarskynlikheid en die beraamde gevolge van damfaling. Hierdie risikosword geëvalueer teenoor verskeie kriteriawat die aanvaarbaarheid van risikos teenoor menselewens en die ekonomiese, sosiale, sosio-ekonomiese en omgewingsimpakte van damfalings assesseer. In hierdie studie word die kriteria wat gebruik word in die besluitnemingsproses om die aanvaarbaarheid van risikos teenoor menselewens te bepaal geëvalueer deur die kriteria te vergelyk met metodes wat internasionaal as beste praktyk beskou word. Internasionaal word die aanvaarbaarheid van risikos teenoor menselewens oor die algemeen as die verwagte aantal sterftes teenoor lewensveiligheidskriteria FN-kriteria op ’n FN-diagram geassesseer. Dam rehabilitasiewerke behoort die waarskynlikheid van damfaling te verminder, sodoende verminder die risiko teenoor die samelewing in terme van verwagte sterftes. Die rehabilitasiewerke vereis finansiële beleggings, en hierdie beleggings is gewoonlik groot. Verder word die rehabilitasie van Suid-Afrikaanse damme wat deur DWA besit word deur samelewing gefinansier en hierdie finasiële hulpbronne is beperk. Dus moet hierdie beleggings die moeite werd wees vir die samelewing. Die samelewing se bereidwilligheidomte betaal ("SWTP") vir veiligheid word toegepas in Suid- Afrikaanse damveiligheidomdie aanvaarbare vlak van beleggings vir ’n verbeterde veiligheid teenoor menselewens wat deur die samelewing vereis word te bepaal. Beleggings in verbeterde damveiligheidsvlakke word egter nie altyd bepaal deur die samelewing nie,maar kan ook gedryf word deur die besluitnemer of eienaar wat ’n ekonomies optimale oplossing vir die rehabilitatiesewerke vereis. Ekonomiese optimering neem oorwegings addisioneel tot lewensveiligheid in ag, insluitend ekonomiese motiverings, skade kostes as die dam faal, sowel as vergoedingskostes vir die verwagte sterftes. Ekonomiese optimering beheer dikwels die besluitnemingsprobleem. Verder neem die huidige DWA besluitnemingssproses in geen manier die kostes van rehabilitasie in ag nie. Dus word FN-kriteria wat hoofsaaklik veiligheid teenoor menselewens evalueer,maar wat ook ’n mate van ekonomiese doeltreffendheid insluit, voorgestel in hierdie studie.

Orientador: César Gustavo da Rocha Lima / Resumo: O Brasil, frente aos acidentes ocorridos em Mariana – MG (2015) e em Brumadinho – MG (2019), tem vivenciado inúmeras discussões no que tange à assuntos regulatórios e à confiabilidade das barragens construídas no país. Neste trabalho, inicialmente, fez-se um breve comparativo entre a legislação brasileira e alguns normativos internacionais (China, Portugal, Estados Unidos e África do Sul) sobre segurança de barragens, observando-se a existência de diferentes aspectos abordados entre eles. A Política Nacional de Segurança de Barragens se demonstrou uma das regulamentações menos rígidas entre as analisadas quanto a pré-requisitos técnicos para sua aplicação, deixando grande parte das barragens de pequeno porte dispensadas do cumprimento de algumas obrigações. Além disto, a legislação federal brasileira foi implementada há menos de uma década, o que implica, atualmente, em uma dificuldade muito grande do empreendedor, dos órgãos fiscalizadores e do governo federal a se adaptarem a possuir esta cultura de segurança de barragens. Diante da interface destas construções com o meio ambiente, faz-se necessário um monitoramento constante das estruturas por uma equipe multidisciplinar e um programa de segurança consistente que vise garantir a integridade do meio ambiente nas áreas de influência das barragens, bem como resguardar o bem-estar e a vida da população situada a jusante. O uso de funções matemáticas e softwares para o mapeamento das áreas sujeitas aos riscos impostos pelas bar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Brazil, faced with the accidents that occurred in Mariana - MG (2015) and in Brumadinho - MG (2019), has experienced numerous discussions regarding regulatory issues and the reliability of the dams built in the country. In this work, it was made a brief comparison between Brazilian legislation and some international regulations (China, Portugal, United States and South Africa) on dam safety, observing the existence of different aspects addressed among them. The National Dams Safety Policy demonstrated one of the less rigid regulations among those analyzed regarding technical prerequisites for their application, leaving most of the small dams exempted from compliance with certain obligations. In addition, Brazilian federal legislation was implemented less than a decade ago, which currently implies a great difficulty for the entrepreneur, the inspection agencies and the federal government to adapt to having this dam safety culture. In view of the interface of these constructions with the environment, it is necessary a constant monitoring of the structures by a multidisciplinary team and a consistent safety program that aims to guarantee the integrity of the environment in the areas of influence of the dams, as well as to protect the well-being and the life of the downstream population. The use of mathematical functions and softwares for the mapping of the areas subject to the risks imposed by the dams is a great advance in the safety aspect of these structures. In this context,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre