A high-resolution record of organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst production in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California (Mexico) reveals a complex paleoceanographic history over the last ~40 ka. Guaymas Basin is an excellent location to perform high resolution studies of changes in Late Quaternary climate and paleo-productivity because it is characterized by high primary productivity, high sedimentation rates, and low oxygen bottom waters. These factors contribute to the deposition and preservation of laminated sediments throughout large portions of the core MD02-2515. In this study we document dinoflagellate cyst production at a centennial to millennial scale throughout the Late Quaternary. Based on the cyst assemblages three major dinoflagellate cyst zones, with seven subzones were established. The most dominant dinoflagellate cyst taxa found throughout the core were Brigantedinium spp. and Operculodinium centrocarpum. Dansgaard-Oeschger events 5-8 are inferred in the dinoflagellate cyst records on the basis of increases in warm taxa, such as Spiniferites pachydermus. Preceding and during the Last Glacial Maximum cysts of Polykrikos cf. kofoidii increase in abundance, responding to oceanographic changes in the Gulf of California perhaps caused by a regression in sea-level. Other intervals of interest are the Younger Dryas where cooler conditions are not recorded, and the Holocene which is characterized by the consistent presence of warm water species Stelladinium reidii, Tuberculodinidum vancampoae, Bitectatodinium spongium and an increase in Quinquecuspis concreta. Changes in cyst assemblages, concentrations and species diversity, along with geochemical data reflect major millennial scale climatic and oceanographic changes. / Graduate

Ice core records from Greenland have shown times of rapid warming during the most recent glacial period, called Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events. D-O events are important to our understanding of both past climate systems and modern climate volatility. In this paper, we present new approaches for statistically evaluating the existence of cyclicity in D-O events and the possible lagged correlation between the Greenland and Antarctica temperature records. Specifically, we consider permutation testing and bootstrapping methodologies for assessing the cyclicity of D-O events and the correlation between the Greenland and Antarctica records. We find that there is not enough evidence to conclude that D-O events are cyclical; however, the Antarctica record leads the Greenland record by 545 years with a statistically significant correlation of 0.455.

La dernière période glaciaire a été ponctuée d’évènements climatiques abrupts connus sous le nom d’évènements d’Heinrich et évènements de Dansgaard-Oeschger. Cette variabilité millénaire a fait l’objet de nombreuses études, mais plusieurs incertitudes demeurent. Ce travail de doctorat vise à étendre et compléter les connaissances existantes sur cette variabilité climatique rapide en ciblant l’étude des variations hydrographiques telles qu’enregistrées au sein de deux archives sédimentaires prélevées au niveau des îles Féroé. Nos principaux résultats, basés sur une approche intégrée multiproxies, mettent en évidence un schéma atypique en Mer de Norvège, où les épisodes froids (stadiaires, évènements d’Heinrich inclus) sont marqués par des températures océaniques de surface relativement élevées (notamment en été) et un couvert de glace de mer réduit à quelques mois par an, et inversement pour les périodes chaudes (interstadiaires) qui enregistrent des conditions océaniques de surface froides et une expansion du couvert de glace de mer. Le caractère atypique des stadiaires paraît lié à une advection accrue d’eaux chaudes atlantiques dans les Mers Nordiques, couplée à un réchauffement de subsurface généralisé au bassin subpolaire Nord-Atlantique et ses mers bordières. Ces deux processus semblent jouer un rôle majeur dans la déstabilisation des ice-shelves et glaciers boréaux, et in fine dans leur effondrement final et les débâcles d’icebergs qui en résultent. Nos travaux nous permettent également de dégager les principaux mécanismes à l’origine des changements de circulation océanique en Atlantique Nord et des variations de température atmosphérique associées. Sur la base de l’ensemble de nos résultats et de ceux émanant de précédentes études, nous proposons ainsi un nouveau scénario de fonctionnement couplé océan-glace-atmosphère permettant d’expliquer les évènements climatiques abrupts de la dernière période glaciaire. / The last glacial period was punctuated by abrupt climatic events known as Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events. Many studies have focused on this millennial climatic variability, but several uncertainties remain. The present work aims at improving our knowledge on this topic through the study of the hydrographical changes recorded in two marine archives retrieved off Faeroes. Our main results, based on a multiproxy approach, reveal a paradoxical scheme in the Norwegian Sea where cold episodes (stadials, including Heinrich events) are characterized by relatively warm sea-surface temperatures (especially during summer) and a reduced sea-ice cover, and warm periods (interstadials) are marked by a reverse pattern with cold sea surface conditions and extended sea ice cover. The atypical stadial features seem to be related to enhanced advection of warm Atlantic waters in the Nordic Seas, combined to a subpolar North-Atlantic and adjacent seas basin-wide subsurface warming. These two processes seem to play a key role in the destabilization of boreal ice-shelves and ice-sheets, and in fine to their final collapse and subsequent iceberg discharges. Our work also allows us to identify the main mechanisms responsible for Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation changes and associated atmospheric temperature variations. On the basis of our results and of those coming from previous studies, we thus propose a new hydrographical scenario which could explain the abrupt climate events of the last glacial period