Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / For over half a century the NPS Aerolabʼ Low Speed Wind Tunnel located in Halligan Hall of the Naval Postgraduate school has served to provide students and faculty with meaningful aerodynamic data for research and problem analysis. New data acquisition hardware was installed three years ago but never fully verified, and contained no integrated software program to collect data from the strain-gauge balance pedestal. Existing National Instruments based hardware for the NPS low-speed wind tunnel was reconfigured to obtain data from the strain-gauge pedestal. Additionally, a data acquisition software program was written in LabVIEW⠭ to accommodate the hardware. The Virtual Instruments (VI) program collects and plots accurate data from all four strain gauges in real-time, producing non-dimensional force and moment coefficients. A research study on the performance of an OH-6A helicopter fuselage was conducted. NPS Aerolabʼ wind tunnel tests consisted of drag, lift, and pitching moment measurements of the OH-6A along yaw and angle-of-attack sweeps. The results of the NPS wind tunnel data were compared against testing conducted on a full-scale OH-6A helicopter in NASA Ames' 40 ft. x 80ft. wind tunnel, along with the U.S. Army's Light Observation Helicopter (LOH) wind tunnel tests. Results of current testing substantiate the LabVIEW⠭ code. / Ensign, United States Navy

Master of Science / Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering / Steve Warren / Handgrip contractions are a standard exercise modality to evaluate muscular system performance. Most conventional ergometer systems that collect handgrip contraction data are manually controlled, placing a burden on the researcher to guide subject activity while recording the resultant data. Further, post-processing tools for this type of experiment are not standardized within the domain, which requires investigators to process their data with multiple tool sets and often create custom tool sets for that purpose. This can make experimental data difficult to compare and correlate, even within the same research group. This thesis presents updates to a hand-forearm ergometer system that automate the control and data-acquisition processes as well as provide a tool set to post process hand contraction data. The automated system utilizes a LabVIEW virtual instrument as the system centerpiece; it provides the subject/researcher interfaces and coordinates data acquisition from both traditional and new sensors. The tool set also incorporates a collection of MATLAB scripts that allow the investigator to post process these data in a standard way, such as automating the processes of noise floor removal, burst start/stop time identification, and mean/median frequency calculation in electromyograms (EMGs). The tool set has proven to be a viable support resource for experimental studies performed by the Kansas State University Human Exercise Physiology lab that target muscle fatigue in human forearms. Initial data acquired during these tests indicate the viability of the system to acquire consistent and physiologically meaningful data while providing a usable tool set for follow-on data analyses.

Essa dissertação desenvolve e faz uso de uma técnica de medição com objetivo de obter dados experimentais envolvidos no ciclo de trabalho dos compressores herméticos alternativos, largamente utilizados nos sistemas de refrigeração. O trabalho mostra o comportamento das válvulas de admissão e descarga durante o funcionamento do compressor, as pressões no cilindro, na sucção, na descarga e também a variação de rotação do eixo durante um ciclo de compressão completo. Todas as características mensuradas estão referenciadas à posição angular do eixo do compressor, o que permitiu monitorar todos os eventos em função do seu deslocamento angular. Para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho foi necessário planejar um sistema de medição robusto, não vulnerável aos fatores ambientais, presentes dentro da carcaça do compressor. A limitação do espaço físico foi um fator de grande importância na escolha dos sensores, assim como a velocidade de resposta dos instrumentos, pois um ciclo de compressão tem período menor que 0,020 segundos. A coleta dos dados e a análise dos sinais foram realizadas com o auxilio de hardware apropriado e software especialmente desenvolvido. / In this dissertation it is developed and applied measurement methods to obtain experimental data of a hermetic compressor work cycle, widely used in the refrigeration systems. This work shows the suction and discharge valve behaviors, the pressure in the cylinder, as well as in the discharge and suction chambers, and also crankshaft rotation variation during a complete compression cycle. All the measurements are reference to crankshaft angular position of compressor which allows to verify the events as a function of the crankshaft angular displacement. For the development of this work it was necessary to plan a reliability measure system, not affected by environmental factors inside the housing of compressor. The inner space limitation was an important feature for choosing the sensors as well as their time response, since the period compression cycle is less than 0.020 seconds. The data acquisition and signal analysis were done with appropriate hardware and it was developed a specific software.

Este trabalho descreve as pesquisas e desenvolvimentos em instrumentação eletrônica computacional, realizados para viabilizar experiências na área de neurobiofísica, tendo como objetivos principais a geração de estímulos visuais para invertebrados e a captação de sinais eletrofisiológicos gerados por sistemas biológicos sensoriais submetidos a estímulos. Trata-se de um conjunto de equipamentos que, operando de maneira integrada, são capazes de fornecer e sincronizar estímulos, realizar a aquisição dos dados de sinais neurais a serem utilizados para controle e análise em experiências in vivo\" nos estudos da visão de invertebrados no Laboratório de Neurobiofísica - DipteraLab do IFSC. A integração desta instrumentação eletrônica visa facilitar a sua utilização durante os experimentos, permitindo o acompanhamento das aquisições de dados neurais, viabilizando a realização de experimentos com alterações dos estímulos através de realimentação em tempo real. / This work describes the research and development of computational instrumentation to be used in experimental neurobiophysics. The developed electronic modules operate in an integrated manner and are used to generate visual stimuli for invertebrates and capture electrophysiological signals generated by biological systems subjected to sensory stimuli. They are able to provide synchronized stimuli and perform data acquisition of neural signals events to be used for control and analysis of vision experiments with invertebrates at the Laboratory of Neurobiophysics Dipteralab Laboratory, at the IFSC. The integration of electronic instrumentation facilitate its use during experiments allowing, through its monitoring capabilities of the neural data acquisition, the realization of experiments with real time stimuli changes through feedback. The possibility to perform pre-analyses of neural responses in behavioral closed loop experiments is also implemented.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-08-08T22:07:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-versao-final.pdf: 2533927 bytes, checksum: e67082a909ebc3ec8a6260095b8ba929 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T22:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-versao-final.pdf: 2533927 bytes, checksum: e67082a909ebc3ec8a6260095b8ba929 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-05 / The sustainability and the renewable energies are strongly discussed and their relevance in the global community should not be discarded, after all, natural resources are limited. The problems related to the misuse and exhaustion of these resources, besides the emission of gases, occurs mainly within the cities where the majority of the human activities are developed. For this reason, among others, the interest in monitoring climatic factors within cities is growing around the world. Our objective is to identify and classify Local Climate Zones in urban areas of Feira de Santana and propose a local scale sensing infrastructure. In order to achieve the proposed target, it was necessary to explore meteorological observation methods at urban sites; establish a raw data access service and an interface for end users; and to develop a meteorological station capable of measuring the investigated parameters representatively in the urban context. Of the existing methods for classification of urban sites, we used Local Climates Zones proposed by Stewart and Oke in a universe of thirty-five sites spread throughout the city of Feira de Santana. The procedure was carried out in three stages, where temperature and humidity data were first collected using the Arduino platform; in addition to observing and evaluating afforestation, buildings (types, height, spacing and material), types of surface, width of streets, traffic of vehicles and human activity. We adopted as parameter a radius of 500m for thermal source area. As result, we obtained the sites classification, constructed two tables and a map to expose the collected data and observations made identifying each site and its class. In order to fulfill the goal of developing a station adapted to the urban environment, we propose in this work the logical organization of a framework that defines the collection of data by automatic low-cost stations connected to the internet, and the visualization of this data by means of the 52? North SOS. For the construction of the prototype stations, we take into account the sensing of temperature and humidity only for demonstration of the framework, being possible to include more types of sensors in the future. The procedure adopted for the construction took into account the exposure criteria of the WMO temperature and humidity sensors, ensuring that the measured data are relevant to the urban climate. At the end of the application of this methodology, we reached a prototype that implements the proposed framework also using the Arduino platform. All generated source code was made available in a public repository under free software license. Analyzing the descriptions of the sites studied in this work, we noticed some characteristics that make up the city of Feira de Santana in general. As for the proportion of selected Local Climate Zones, the class that best represents Feira de Santana is the Compact low-rise (LCZ 3) evaluated in 40% of the studied sites. In addition, the spatial arrangement of the zones with this classification is very homogeneous in the sense of proximity and adjacencies. We have identified serious sanitation problems that are clearly observed in the absence of sewage and water drainage. The stations were originally developed by us following the guidelines of WMO and Oke, and we achieved a low cost construction using open hardware. / A sustentabilidade e as energias renov?veis s?o assuntos fortemente discutidos e sua relev?ncia na comunidade global n?o deve ser descartada, afinal os recursos naturais s?o limitados. Os problemas relacionados ao mau uso e esgotamento desses recursos, al?m da emiss?o de gases, ocorre principalmente dentro das cidades onde se desenvolvem a maioria das atividades humanas. Por esse motivo, entre outros, o interesse em monitorar fatores clim?ticos dentro das cidades est? crescendo em todo o mundo. Nosso objetivo ? identificar e classificar Zonas de Clima Local em s?tios urbanos de Feira de Santana e propor uma infraestrutura de sensoriamento em escala local. Para alcan?ar a meta proposta, foi necess?rio explorar m?todos de observa??o meteorol?gica em s?tios urbanos; estabelecer um servi?o de acesso aos dados brutos e uma interface para usu?rios finais; e desenvolver uma esta??o meteorol?gica capaz de mensurar os par?metros investigados de forma representativa no contexto urbano. Dos m?todos existentes para classifica??o de s?tios urbanos, utilizamos Zonas de Climas Locais proposto por Stewart e Oke em um universo de trinta e cinco s?tios espalhados pela cidade de Feira de Santana. O procedimento foi realizado em tr?s etapas onde primeiramente foram coletados dados de temperatura e umidade utilizando a plataforma Arduino; al?m de observar e avaliar arboriza??o, constru??es (tipos, altura, espa?amento e material), tipos de superf?cie, largura das ruas, tr?fego de ve?culos e atividade humana. Adotamos como par?metro um raio de 500m para ?rea de fonte t?rmica. Como resultado, obtivemos a classifica??o dos s?tios e constru?mos duas tabelas e um mapa para expor os dados coletados e observa??es realizadas identificando cada s?tio e sua referida classe. A fim de cumprir a meta de desenvolver uma esta??o adaptada para o ambiente urbano, propomos neste trabalho a organiza??o l?gica de um framework que define a coleta dos dados por esta??es autom?ticas de baixo custo conectadas ? internet, e a visualiza??o desses dados geoespacializados atrav?s do 52? North SOS. Para a constru??o do prot?tipo das esta??es levamos em considera??o a coleta de temperatura e umidade apenas para efeito de demonstra??o do framework, sendo poss?vel a inclus?o de mais tipos de sensores no futuro. O procedimento adotado para a constru??o das esta??es levou em considera??o os crit?rios de exposi??o dos sensores de temperatura e umidade da WMO garantindo que os dados medidos s?o relevantes para o clima urbano. Ao final da aplica??o desta metodologia, alcan?amos um prot?tipo que implementa o framework proposto tamb?m utilizando a plataforma Arduino. Todo c?digo-fonte gerado foi disponibilizado em reposit?rio p?blico sob licen?a de software livre. Analisando as descri??es dos s?tios estudados neste trabalho, percebemos algumas caracter?sticas que comp?em a cidade de Feira de Santana de forma geral. Quanto ? propor??o entre as Zonas de Clima Local elegidas, a classe que melhor representa Feira de Santana ? a compacta de baixa eleva??o (LCZ 3) avaliada em 40% dos locais estudados. Al?m disso a disposi??o espacial das zonas com esta classifica??o ? bem homog?nea no sentido de proximidade e adjac?ncias. Identificamos s?rios problemas de saneamento b?sico que s?o claramente observados na falta de esgotos e escoamento de ?gua. As esta??es de coleta foram originalmente desenvolvidas por n?s seguindo as diretrizes da WMO e Oke, e alcan?amos uma constru??o de baixo custo utilizando hardware aberto.

Sistemas elétricos possuem grande influência no desenvolvimento econômico mundial. Dada a importância da energia elétrica para nossa sociedade, os sistemas elétricos frequentemente são alvos de intrusões pela rede causadas pelas mais diversas motivações. Para minimizar ou até mesmo mitigar os efeitos de intrusões pela rede, estão sendo propostos mecanismos que aumentam o nível de segurança dos sistemas elétricos, como novos protocolos de comunicação e normas de padronização. Além disso, os sistemas elétricos estão passando por um intenso processo de modernização, tornando-os altamente dependentes de sistemas de rede responsáveis por monitorar e gerenciar componentes elétricos. Estes, então denominados Smart Grids, compreendem subsistemas de geração, transmissão, e distribuição elétrica, que são monitorados e gerenciados por sistemas de controle e aquisição de dados (SCADA). Nesta dissertação de mestrado, investigamos e discutimos a aplicabilidade e os benefícios da adoção de Redes Definidas por Software (SDN) para auxiliar o desenvolvimento da próxima geração de sistemas SCADA. Propomos também um sistema de detecção de intrusões (IDS) que utiliza técnicas específicas de classificação de tráfego e se beneficia de características das redes SCADA e do paradigma SDN/OpenFlow. Nossa proposta utiliza SDN para coletar periodicamente estatísticas de rede dos equipamentos SCADA, que são posteriormente processados por algoritmos de classificação baseados em exemplares de uma única classe (OCC). Dado que informações sobre ataques direcionados à sistemas SCADA são escassos e pouco divulgados publicamente por seus mantenedores, a principal vantagem ao utilizar algoritmos OCC é de que estes não dependem de assinaturas de ataques para detectar possíveis tráfegos maliciosos. Como prova de conceito, desenvolvemos um protótipo de nossa proposta. Por fim, em nossa avaliação experimental, observamos a performance e a acurácia de nosso protótipo utilizando dois tipos de algoritmos OCC, e considerando eventos anômalos na rede SCADA, como um ataque de negação de serviço (DoS), e a falha de diversos dispositivos de campo. / Power grids have great influence on the development of the world economy. Given the importance of the electrical energy to our society, power grids are often target of network intrusion motivated by several causes. To minimize or even to mitigate the aftereffects of network intrusions, more secure protocols and standardization norms to enhance the security of power grids have been proposed. In addition, power grids are undergoing an intense process of modernization, and becoming highly dependent on networked systems used to monitor and manage power components. These so-called Smart Grids comprise energy generation, transmission, and distribution subsystems, which are monitored and managed by Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. In this Masters dissertation, we investigate and discuss the applicability and benefits of using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to assist in the deployment of next generation SCADA systems. We also propose an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that relies on specific techniques of traffic classification and takes advantage of the characteristics of SCADA networks and of the adoption of SDN/OpenFlow. Our proposal relies on SDN to periodically gather statistics from network devices, which are then processed by One- Class Classification (OCC) algorithms. Given that attack traces in SCADA networks are scarce and not publicly disclosed by utility companies, the main advantage of using OCC algorithms is that they do not depend on known attack signatures to detect possible malicious traffic. As a proof-of-concept, we developed a prototype of our proposal. Finally, in our experimental evaluation, we observed the performance and accuracy of our prototype using two OCC-based Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, and considering anomalous events in the SCADA network, such as a Denial-of-Service (DoS), and the failure of several SCADA field devices.

Orientador: Kleber Pereira Lanças / Banca: Ulisses Rocha Antuniassi / Banca: Maura Seiko Tsutsui Esperancini / Banca: Antonio Gabriel Filho / Banca: Alberto Kazushi Nagaoka / Abstract: Precision agriculture is the integration among several technologies in order to reduce the agricultural losses, increasing the economical return and reducing the environmental impacts. So, the computer based data acquisition and storage for field data is very important for precision agriculture development. The automatic data storage allows to eliminate the human reading and type errors, to reduce data losses and no synchronism readings among different sensors, in addition assure different frequency readings with precise intervals This present research had for main objective to develop and evaluate a data acquisition and storage system based on personal computer for analogical sensor (load cells and potentiometer) and GPS receiver (Global Positional System). The main objective of this research was to develop and evaluate a low cost acquisition and storage data system for analogical sensors (load cells and potentiometer) and GPS receiver and also realize a comparative economical analysis between the actual data acquisition system (Micrologger CR10X) and the proposal system. / Doutor

<p>The most important aspects of nuclear medicine imaging systems such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) are the spatial resolution and the sensitivity (detector efficiency in combination with the geometric efficiency). Considerable efforts have been spent during the last two decades in improving the resolution and the efficiency by developing new detectors. Our proposed improvement technique is focused on the readout and electronics. Instead of using traditional pulse height analysis techniques we propose using free running digital sampling by replacing the analog readout and acquisition electronics with fully digital programmable systems.</p><p>This thesis describes a fully digital data acquisition system for KS/SU SPECT, new algorithms for high resolution timing for PET, and modular FPGA based decentralized data acquisition system with optimal timing and energy. The necessary signal processing algorithms for energy assessment and high resolution timing are developed and evaluated. The implementation of the algorithms in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and digital signal processors (DSP) is also covered. Finally, modular decentralized digital data acquisition systems based on FPGAs and Ethernet are described.</p>

The most important aspects of nuclear medicine imaging systems such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) are the spatial resolution and the sensitivity (detector efficiency in combination with the geometric efficiency). Considerable efforts have been spent during the last two decades in improving the resolution and the efficiency by developing new detectors. Our proposed improvement technique is focused on the readout and electronics. Instead of using traditional pulse height analysis techniques we propose using free running digital sampling by replacing the analog readout and acquisition electronics with fully digital programmable systems. This thesis describes a fully digital data acquisition system for KS/SU SPECT, new algorithms for high resolution timing for PET, and modular FPGA based decentralized data acquisition system with optimal timing and energy. The necessary signal processing algorithms for energy assessment and high resolution timing are developed and evaluated. The implementation of the algorithms in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and digital signal processors (DSP) is also covered. Finally, modular decentralized digital data acquisition systems based on FPGAs and Ethernet are described.

KISS (Kinematic Support System) is a locally developed gait analysis system at Middle East Technical University (METU), and the performance of the system was evaluated before as a whole. However, such evaluations do not differentiate between the efficacy of the data acquisition system and the model-based gait analysis methodology. In this thesis, kinematic results of the KISS system will be compared with those of the Ankara University based commercial VICON (Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK) system, in view of evaluating the performance of data acquisition system and the gait analysis methodology separately. This study is expected to provide guidelines for future developments on the KISS system.