No description available.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The greatest threat to the DOD Test and Training Test Centers is the loss of the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum used in transmitting digital data generated by the test instrumentation during the evaluation of weapon systems. The T&E ranges use the RF spectrum for data generated by status reporting, GPS/TSPI, telemetry, target control, range safety, situational awareness, video, voice communication, etc. In the past the ranges developed their data links independently of one another. The Flexible Interoperable Transceiver (FIT) Data Link Standard identifies protocols and technology that provides for interoperability and spectral efficiency, and can be applied to most RF transmission requirements at the test ranges and training centers.

No description available.

Empirical studies of general aviation (GA) pilot performance are lacking, especially with respect to envisioned future requirements. Two research studies were conducted to evaluate human performance using new technologies. In the first study, ten participants completed the Modified Rhyme Test (MRT) in an effort to compare the intelligibility of two text-to-speech (TTS) engines (DECtalk and AT&T's Natural Voices) as presented in 85 dB(A) aircraft cockpit engine noise. Results indicated significant differences in intelligibility (p £ 0.05) between the two speech synthesizers across the tested speech-to-noise ratios (S/N) (i.e., −5 dB, -8 dB, and −11 dB S/N) with the AT&T engine resulting in superior intelligibility in all of the S/N. The AT&T product was therefore selected as the TTS engine for the second study. In the second study, 16 visual flight rules (VFR) rated pilots were evaluated for their data link performance using a flight simulator (ELITE i-GATE) equipped with a mixed-modality simulated data link within one of two flight conditions. Data link modalities included textual, synthesized speech, digitized speech, and synthesized speech/textual combination. Flight conditions included VFR (unlimited ceiling, visibility) or marginal VFR (MVFR) flight conditions (clouds 2800 feet above ground level [AGL], three miles visibility). Evaluation focused on the time required accessing, understanding, and executing data link commands. Additional data were gathered to evaluate workload, situation awareness, and subjective preference. Results indicated significant differences in pilot performance, mental workload, and situation awareness across the data link modalities and between flight conditions. Textual data link resulted in decreased performance while the other three data link conditions did not differ in performance. Workload evaluation indicated increased workload in the textual data link condition. Situation awareness (SA) measures indicated differences in perceived SA between flight conditions while objective SA measures differed across data link conditions. Actual or potential applications of this research include guidance in the development of flight performance objectives for future GA systems. Other applications include guidance in the integration of automated voice technologies in the cockpit and/or in similar systems that present elevated levels of background noise during normal communications and auditory display operations. / Ph. D.

Communication systems have an important role to play in managing the safe and efficient operation of the National Airspace System (NAS). The users of the NAS, from the commercial transport aircraft to hobby airplanes can all benefit from the recent advances in digital communication technology especially as the capacity of the analog voice systems is surpassed by the growth in air traffic. One of the benefits of the new digital data links being developed is to allow delivery of real time weather information to the cockpit of aircrafts. Weather information is essential to flight operations and until recently there were only limited voice and text weather reports available to the pilot. With data links, graphical weather in the cockpit is possible and also highly desired by the aviation community. This thesis will develop a decision model and analysis tool for product developers of weather information systems that need to select appropriate data link technology for which to develop their weather information systems. A comparative analysis of the aeronautical communications systems is done with the view of satisfying end-user requirements for weather information and achieving market success. A study of the various data links is conducted to gain an understanding of their performance characteristics and implementation issues. A consumer survey was designed and valuable insight into the requirements and opinions of pilots was gained. The method of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) was employed to find the most important technical characteristics of the data links to satisfy the consumer requirements captured in the survey. The decision model consisting of the QFD and also further technical assessment was implemented in software to allow any scenario of product requirements and data link to be performed. / Master of Science

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1988 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / By making use of NC212-200 commuter aircraft as an airborne container, the ADReS, a short for airborne data relay system, had been configured and tested in an experimental status during the year of 1987. A kind of test on EMC, EMI, RFI and telemetry data link were applied to the system. Prior to the IPTN's flight test program in the year of 1988 - 1992, the ADReS is designed not only to receive and to relay the data, but also planed to be able to process the data for quick data analysis purposes on board. This paper describes the ADReS system concept and its experimental status system - the Phase One system configuration.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / November 04-07, 1991 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The Gulf Range Drone Control Upgrade System (GRDCUS) Mobile Control System (GMCS) is an integral part of the test ranges located on the Gulf of Mexico. This paper begins with a brief overview of the current Gulf Range systems. These systems consist of five major components: ground stations, ground computer systems, data link/transponders, consoles, and software. The GMCS van contains many of these components to provide a stand-alone range capability for remote operations. This paper describes the development and assembly of the GMCS van and focuses on the on-board computer systems, consoles, and data link technology. An overall system engineering approach was used during GMCS development and is highlighted through the use of rapid prototyping. This methodology and the lessons learned are presented in the paper. Suggestions for future applications are considered.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / A novel approach combines GPS receiver technology with micro-electromechanical inertial sensors to improve performance of single object tracking radar. The approach enhances range safety by integrating an airborne Global Positioning System/Inertial Movement Unit (GPS/IMU) with a C-band transponder to downlink time-space-position information (TSPI) via FPS-16 instrumentation radar. This improves current telemetry links and the Range Application Joint Program Office (RAJPO) data link for downlinking TSPI because of the inherent long-range advantage of the radar. The goal of the project is to provide distance independent accuracy, and to demonstrate continuous 15-meter or better position accuracy over the entire flight envelope out to slant ranges up to 1,000 Km with at least 50 updates per second. This improves safety coverage for the wide area flight testing. It provides risk reduction for the Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC), Edwards Air Force Base, California and other ranges planning TSPI system upgrades.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1994 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / There has been much interest recently in the possibility of using the NASA Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) instead of proprietary ground stations in supporting small space payload communications. These payloads operate on fairly low power and do not use the sophisticated tracking equipment standard on more complex user spacecraft. This paper is part of a feasibility study for such use of TDRSS, and focuses on the effect of the method of providing the Grade-2 data link layer services specified in Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) Advanced Orbiting Systems (AOS) recommendations upon a hypothetical spacecraft using a MIL-STD-1553B polled data bus as the backbone of its onboard LAN. In particular, one case in which the 1553B bus controller, assumed to be some Intel 80X86 microprocessor, provides all CCSDS services will be contrasted with another where these services are split between the bus controller and a device which interfaces between the spacecraft LAN and the TDRSS Return Service spacelink. The comparison will be made for a 15 orbit/day scenario using a small helical antenna with a comparatively wide beamwidth. The main performance criteria considered here are end-to-end data throughput and expected delays, along with required buffer sizes for the LAN. Also, it may be noted that the data rate of the TDRSS return link and the size of the sliding window used for flow and error control will have a large impact on the required values for the chosen criteria, and so choices for these parameters significantly affect the outcome of any system service comparison. The two LAN types will be modeled and analyzed using NETWORK II.5. This simulator allows tracking of the number of packets read into LAN memories and sent down from the payload to ground via TDRSS, as well as accurately modeling the delays involved with data processing and transmission over the link.

An architectural framework is proposed to secure the data link layer (Layer 2) in Internet protocol (IP) over Ethernet networks. In this architecture, a new security inter-layering concept, incorporating cryptographic Layer 2 identities, is introduced. Instead of traditional media access control (MAC) addresses, secure and flexible data link layer identifiers are utilized to securely bind Layer 2 and upper layers. In addition, to create security parameters and negotiate identifiers at the data link layer, a key establishment protocol is presented. Moreover, this architecture incorporates the IEEE 802.1AE standard (MACsec) and uses a key hierarchy similar to the IEEE 802.11i standard for future compatibility of wired and wireless networks. Finally, we provide a security analysis of the new data link layer security architecture.