Objectives: When used as a cardioplegic solution, Custodiol® HTK solution is typically administered in a single-dose, allowing the operation to be performed continuously. This is an advantage over alternative cardioplegic solutions that may have to be re-administered every 20-30 minutes. Although Custodiol is widely used as a cardioplegic solution in Europe, its use for myocardial protection remains an off-label indication in the United States. Thus, the aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of Custodiol to standard 4:1 blood cardioplegia in adult cardiac cases. METHODS: This study was a single-center retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Adult cardiac cases performed between November 2011 and August 2013 using Custodiol® were compared to cases using standard Plegisol® 4:1 blood cardioplegia. Twenty-six primary intra-operative and post-operative endpoints were compared including 30-day mortality, 30-day hospital readmission, prolonged mechanical ventilation time, and renal failure. RESULTS: Of the 229 cases identified, 63 cases used Custodiol and 166 used 4:1 blood cardioplegia. Demographics were similar in both groups with a mean patient age of 65.27±15.07 years for Custodiol and 66.72±12.85 years for 4:1 blood cardioplegia. The average cardiopulmonary bypass time for Custodiol and 4:1 blood cardioplegia was 124.76±61.45 and 137.93±54.05 minutes respectively. The Custodiol group had a greater incidence of prolonged ventilation (>24 hours), 20.6% versus 15.1% respectively, and this approached statistical significance with a p value of 0.052. Intra-operative blood usage was significantly higher in the Custodiol group compared to the blood cardioplegia group, with 44.4% of patients receiving fresh frozen plasma during the operation compared to only 25.3% in the blood cardioplegia group (p=0.005). The results revealed no statistically significant difference in 30-day mortality, 30-day hospital readmission, renal failure, and stroke. CONCLUSION: Despite the distinct advantage of long-term ischemic tolerance, Custodiol use was associated with an increased requirement for fresh frozen plasma during the perioperative period when compared to blood cardioplegia.

The objective of this study was to formulate a management system for improving early Quebec tomato yields through the use of polyethylene row tunnels and the screening of three tomato genotypes for their performance under a tunnel system of growing. / Three tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars, Springset (early, cold-tolerant), Celebrity (standard), and Hope No. 1 (early, heat-tolerant), were grown under clear or white perforated polyethylene row tunnels that were either vented ten days prior to anthesis to maintain temperatures below 30$ sp circ$C or nonvented. Controls had no tunnel treatment. / Springset had the highest harvest index and subsequent highest early yield. Celebrity had the highest total yield. Hope was not suited to producing early yield under the frequent low temperature conditions occurring during the spring in Quebec. Tunnels did not improve early or total yield. / Further research is required before tunnels can be recommended for producing early tomatoes in Quebec.

In the study, there is performed a research on the issues education of the society of the management of environmental protection. There are analysed the main acts of law, regulating environmental protection and public information, education on this activities, there is emphasised correlation of institutions of environmental protection. In the present study of master, there is performed analysis of the articles of the most popular day papers “Šiaulių naujienos” and “Šiaulių kraštas” on topic of environmental protection. The present study of master consists of two parts: 1) management of environmental protection in the country and Šiauliai Region; 2) Means of public education in environmental protection. During the study (2003-2005), there were found 488 articles on the topic of environmental protection. The most of articles were published about waste management, environmental condition, protection of water, flora and fauna. The least were found the articles concerning analysis of issues of effluents and environmental protection of air. The performed research has demonstrated, that the articles are normally designed to inform about accomplished events, ecological accidents and et cetera. There was almost not introduced any information how the society should participate in management of environmental protection (how to use natural resources rationally, to decrease impurity of water or air, how to manage - sort waste, emerging in daily life and production and so on).

As urban municipalities grow, local governments are tasked with balancing the economic, political, social, and environmental needs of their communities in an effort to develop sustainable urban planning policies. This thesis uses the City of Red Deer as a single case study to examine a municipality's vision of urban sustainability within the context of ecological planning and protection. Concepts of ecosystem goods and services, biodiversity protection, and enhanced water quality were reviewed with research on riparian management, landscape level planning, and ecological protection to provide a lens for reviewing Red Deer's land protection framework. Ultimately, this research provides policy recommendations for development setbacks and land preservation strategies which could greatly contribute to the long-term sustainability of the community. Although this research focuses on the City of Red Deer, the policy recommendations can be applied to similar municipalities and landscapes across the nation.

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The physical response of composite landfill liners consisting of a geomembrane on top of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) are examined under simulated landfill conditions. The deformation and strains of a 1.5-mm-thick high-density polyethylene geomembrane and thickness and hydraulic performance of a nominally 7-mm-thick GCL are quantified when the composite liner was buried beneath 50 mm coarse gravel, at applied pressures up to 1000 kPa, with a firm sand foundation layer, and with and without a wrinkle in the geomembrane. At an applied pressure of 250 kPa, with either no protection or conventional thick nonwoven needle-punched geotextile protection layers, the tensile strains in the geomembrane exceeded a 3% allowable limit and the GCL was reduced in thickness to as little as 2.2 mm from extrusion of bentonite beneath a gravel particle. Whereas a 150-mm-thick sand protection layer limited strains in the geomembrane to 0.1% and prevented extrusion in the GCL so that deformation was from bentonite consolidation and not from extrusion. A GCL with a thickness of less than 3 mm from extrusion was shown to be susceptible to failure from internal erosion of bentonite in the GCL at hydraulic head differences across the GCL between 1-10 m. Conversely with the sand protection layer, the GCL could withstand a head difference of greater than 100 m without any evidence of internal erosion. Further, the permittivity of an extruded 3.5-mm-thick GCL was found to be 4.5 times larger than a 7-mm-thick GCL that did not experience extrusion. / Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-09-05 10:47:21.783

Field experiments were established during the 1988 and 1989 growing seasons, to determine the effect of mini-tunnel management systems on floral development and fruit set of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Two types of floral abnormalities reported to be caused by temperatures above 30$ sp circ$C were observed, namely: style exsertion and splitting of the antheridial cone. Clear vented and white non-vented mini-tunnels reduced the incidence of both these abnormalities compared to the controls in 1988. As a consequence these two types of mini-tunnels also had the greatest percentage fruit set and total marketable yield of the first three clusters. In 1989, none of the mini-tunnels tested significantly increased percentage fruit set or marketable yield. The cultivar Springset produced ripe fruits an average of 4 days before Hope#1 and 7 days before Celebrity in both 1988 and 1989.

This study suggests that cultural acknowledgement of the integral partnership between a human community and the environment it inhabits is central to the development of positive human-environment relationships. The comparison of two community environmental projects illustrates cultural implications of human land occupancy through comparisons of their governing land use institutions as well as social and individual experiences. In the Paakumshumwaau-Wemindji project environmental responsibility is strongly motivated by the interaction of shared cosmological understandings with direct experience in the landscape. The creation of Edgewater Park in suburban Pointe Claire is a clear indication of community environmental responsibility working its way towards new partnerships with lakeshore ecological communities. The fundamental difference in these partnerships inheres however in the distinct ways the two human communities understand the voice of the non-human elements within the partnership.

<p>This paper addresses the issue of the primary Prototype Carbon Fund objectives , which are High-Quality Emmissions reductions / knowledge dissermination / Public-private parterships. The researcher further invesigates whether, eight years after its creation, the Prototype Carbon Fund is a success.</p>

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