Russia's position as one of the two greatest powers in the world of today is generally known. Industrial development, on of the factors that has played the major role in raising her to this position, is too often slighted in studies in favor of political and social matters. Her industrial development is unparalleled; it is completely single and unique. Because of all these factors the writer has endeavored to trace the development of Russia's basic industries and railroads up to 1932.

Orientador: Ligia Maria Osorio Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T23:11:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_RenataBelzuncesdos_M.pdf: 1023583 bytes, checksum: 331897bc1c1098af6c43c44aa2fb6b65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O presente trabalho assume como tema a Assessoria Econômica do Segundo Governo Vargas e tem como objetivo contribuir para a interpretação do segundo período em que Vargas esteve na chefia máxima do país. Dentre as questões levantadas pela historiografia do período detivemo-nos sobretudo na questão do projeto para a nação presente nesse período através da figura de Vargas. A primeira parte do trabalho dedica-se à reconstrução da constituição da Assessoria Econômica e seu funcionamento dentro do aparelho de Estado. A segunda parte analisa a historiografia do período e busca localizar a Assessoria Econômica em meio às diversas interpretações existentes. A terceira parte analisa os principais projetos elaborados pela Assessoria Econômica: Petrobrás e Eletrobrás, e identifica nos mesmo elementos do projeto de Vargas para o capitalismo no Brasil. / Abstract: The present work focuses on the Economic Advisory during the second presidency of Getulio Vargas, and it aims at contributing to the interpretation of the second time Vargas held the highest office in the country. Among the issues raises by the historiography of the period, this work is centered on the nation-building aspects of Vargas¿ administration. The first part deals with the reconstitution of the Economic Advisory and its role in the State apparatus. The second part analyses the available historiography and how the Advisory emerges from different interpretations. The third part analyses the main projects elaborated by the Advisory (Petrobras and Eletrobras), identifying within them the core elements of Vargas¿s project for capitalism in Brazil / Mestrado / Historia Economica / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

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This study investigates how the development of the agro-food processing industry could support the structural transformation of the Zambian economy. This is set against a backdrop of improved food systems coupled with increased demand for processed foods domestically and regionally, as well as income growth, urbanization, and regional integration. Developing the agro-processing sector will involve the building of dynamic industrial capabilities along with product certification and standards, packaging, logistics, and access to formal markets. Using the value chain of soya beans, the study explains how the development of such a value chain could support structural transformation. Findings suggest that there are numerous opportunities, currently underexploited, for processing soya beans into diversified products. Insights from the study reveal further opportunities to accumulate productive capabilities, both downstream and upstream to stimulate value-addition and export-led growth. Harnessing these opportunities will require specific policy support for soya beans particularly aimed at growing smallholder entry, upgrading agricultural efficiency, engaging government and non-state actors to build capacity to improve processing technologies, food testing, packaging, meeting standards and certification schemes, as well as harmonisation of regional standards.

Úvod Vzhledemke zvyšování počtu objednávek leteckých součástek se společnost ArianeGroup rozhodla zintenzívnit svoji činnost, aby uspokojila tuto poptávku. Objem jejích součástí vyrobených za jeden rok se výrazně zvětšil, a tedy výrobní servis musí být funkčně optimalizován. Cílem uvedené optimalizace je snížit počet stop machines. Existuje nepřeberné množství řešení, která se potýkají s problémem, jak snížit počet stop machines, nicméně je velmi obtížné implementovat tato řešení přímo na stroji. Situaci určitě nelze řešit zastavením výroby a následnou implementací nějakých technických řešení. Avšak je naopak možné implementovat technická řešení už v samotném průběhu kvalifikační fáze. Kvalifikační fáze probíhá tehdy, když je součást poprvé na stroji. Tři části byly kvalifikovány a nějaká technická řešení byla aplikována právě v průběhu těchto kvalifikací. Bezpečnost procesu Prvním aspektem, na který bych se rád zaměřil, je bezpečnost samotného procesu. Nesmí dojít k vysouvání součásti z upínacích čelistí. Právě proto je požadován výpočet upínacího tlaku disku D. Druhým aspektem práce je nedeformování součásti. Díky vysokému upínacímu tlaku je přítomna geometrická deformace. Z tohoto důvodu bylo důležité provést výpočty upínacích tlaků pro disky D a B. Cílem je zjištění, zda je možné snížit upínací tlak a zároveň respektovat podmínku, že se součást nebude vysouvat z čelistí. Za třetí je důležité zaručit bezpečnost procesu. Někdy se stává, že obslužní pracovníci zapomenou odstranit příruby. Z tohoto důvodu sem byl umístěn automtický detektor, který upozorní na to, že externí příruby nebyly odstraněny. Automatická sekce pomáhá vyvarování se kolizím. Jak je možno vidět na obr. 1, sonda detekuje vnitřní příruby. Objeví se zpráva, dveře se otevřou a obslužný pracovník je upozorněn. Odolnost procesu . Robustní process je process s nízkým počtem rozbíjení nástrojových destiček. Existuje technické řešení. Skládá se z iplementace a monitorování opotřebení nástroje. To vše je možné díky sondě a aBLUM laseru. Během vyhodnocení disku D, soustružnické nástroje jsou kontrolovány pomocí sondy a nástroje frézovací pomocí BLUM laseru. Výkonnost procesu Inovativním přístupem ke zlepšení řezných podmínek je integrace vysokého tlaku. Ten byl použit pro některé ze součástí. Dalším řešením je integrování tool sisters do procesu. Během kvalifikace disku D, byly přidány tools sisters. Navíc, byla provedena studie pro zvládnutí nástroje a jeho zablokování poté, co byl použit. Nové technologie destiček byly využity pro zlepšení řezných podmínek a snížení času. Automatizace operací ve strojírenské výrobě Zásadním důvodem pro stop machines je prostorová kontrola pomocí obslužných pracovníků. Technicky je totiž možné nahradit tyto činnosti automatickými kontrolami, přičemž zmíněné automatické kontroly se provádí pomocí automatických sond. Proces může být zkreslený, pokud je měření nepřesné. Byly provedeny pokusy pro kalibraci řešení. Aktualní provedení kalibrací nebylo dostačují

This diploma thesis is about recreational activities of citizens of Prague in the period from the second half of 19th century through the second half of 20th century. It focuses on the era of industrialization, in which the suburban landscape underwent many changes, mainly thanks to new development of the city. This thesis is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part is dedicated to the terms of industrialization and industrial revolution. It moreover deals with stratification of the society, focusing on the middle class, and describes recreational activities in different resorts. From the recreational activities, tramping and settlement establishing are specifically described. The empirical part is dedicated to two recreational resorts, Karlštejn and Srbsko, which are one train station apart from each other. In each case there is a description of the location of the resort. The description of the original inhabitants, recreational objects, current inhabitants and their important buildings and the cottage areas is following. One chapter is about a particular tramping settlement in Srbsko called "Valley of Dread". The paper analyzes what builders were chosen by the holiday-makers and also the social characteristics of the holiday-makers. An important chapter is about...

This dissertation is a study of the mechanization of cotton spinning in turn-of-the-twentieth-century China. More specifically, it examines efforts made by the Chinese workers to keep imported spinning machines performing at maximum efficiency in their cotton mills. Such efforts ranged from customizing and modifying machines to suit the specific needs of individual cotton mills to repairing broken machines, maintaining aging machines, and sourcing parts locally by copying the originals. It also addresses endeavors made beyond the shop floor such as the cultivation of cotton varieties that better accommodated machine spinning and knowledge production of spinning technology and cotton cultivation in professional journals. The study of industrialization, especially regarding the rise of factory workers as a new social class, was once a popular topic for social historians and feminist scholars in the China field. Previous scholarship investigated the fragmented nature of the Chinese working class in terms of gender, skill, and native places, with detailed accounts of the workers’ daily lives. However, these studies have paid little attention to the actual process of mechanization. Mechanization on the Chinese shop floor was far from smooth, since foreign machines malfunctioned for various reasons at different stages of operation, requiring continuous adjustment, maintenance, and repair. Without an examination of this challenging process, we underestimate the Chinese as passive recipients of machines and technologies, under the assumption that Western machinery was a one-size-fits-all instrument for Chinese industrialization. My dissertation rectifies this neglect by reconstructing the concrete process of mechanization from a technological perspective. It draws upon a variety of technical writings such as machine manufacturers’ manuals, their contracts with client mills, engineering journals, agricultural reports, and factory regulations. It also revisits more conventional sources such as interviews with former factory workers. A critical reading of these sources reveals that Chinese engineers, machinists, and female machine operators strived to solve technological problems specific to their factories, with multiple layers of knowledge obtained through hands-on experience of machines and cotton as well as formal engineering education. All these human efforts to make better use of machines under varying financial, technological, and material conditions of each cotton mill, combined with larger political and social circumstances, determined the course of mechanization in China. The factory system in China was thus a craftwork, locally made on the basis of the global circulation of machines and technologies. By highlighting the process of mechanization, rather than mere importation of machines, this study makes interventions into the discussion of Chinese industrialization and, beyond that, into debates about industrialization and technology transfer more generally. First, in exploring a range of handwork performed by technical experts at different stages of mechanization, it argues for the significance of manual labor in the making of the factory system, thereby complicating the long-held dichotomy between craft and mechanization. Second, by demonstrating how new sets of knowledge were created on the Chinese shop floor in the course of using foreign machines, it challenges the assumption that technology transfer simply emanated from the West to be disseminated to the rest of the world.

Strike waves in the late nineteenth century United States caused widespread property destruction, but strike leaders did not suggest threats to employer property as a comprehensive strategy until the I.W.W. adopted a deliberate program of sabotage. Contrary to historical consensus, sabotage was an intellectually coherent and politically generative response to progressive, technocratic dreams of frictionless social cooperation that would have major consequences for the labor movement. This dissertation treats sabotage as a significant contribution to the intellectual debates that were generated by labor conflict and rapid industrialization and examines its role in shaping federal labor policy. It contends that the suppression of sabotage staked out the limits of acceptable speech and the American political imagination.

In this case study, migration to and from Kristinehamn during the years 1840, 1865 and 1866 is examined. This time period is characterized by significant changes in form of urbanization, increased communication opportunities, changed business legislation and an incipient industrialization. With help of moving lengths from the church archives in Kristinehamn, migration patterns will be mapped due to a quantitative method. Information concerning the migrants' age, titles and moving company is reported. Migrants are also categorized based on how far they moved and on how long they stayed in the city. The survey has elements of a qualitative method as interpretation of the results is made with support of existing migration theories and previous research. The aim of this study is to investigate how the migration patterns changed during this time and to seek reasonable explanations for the demographic changes that can be shown through migration trends. The results show that the migration patterns change, in various aspects, between the different investigated time periods. For example, the proportion of family migrants had increased, and the distance of migration was stretched in the later period. The findings in this study also point at differences in migration patterns due to social affiliation.

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