Background: The banking industry is today evolving in a mature market, with a strong competition. Banks’ situation is forcing them to constantly innovate in order to keep their customers and to stay attractive for prospects. This environment is particularly true in Sweden. Purpose: All long this research the authors have explored the way Swedish banks are innovating today. Comparing their practices to customers’ opinions on how they would like their banks to implement innovations, the authors mainly focused on innovation strategies for banks in order to satisfy their customers. Method: First of all the authors have made a literature review in order to explore previous researches conducted on innovation strategies and customers satisfaction. This has firstly been used in order to make hypotheses, then in order to build the interviews guides for banks as well as the quantitative questionnaire for customers. Then, a comparison has been made between customers’ opinions and banks’ practices, all of this combined with the theoretical part in order to draw conclusions on the topic. Results and conclusions: Results of this research have shown a difference of point of view from both parts. This difference is not very strong, but could be at the origin of innovation success for Swedish banks understanding it

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In this work, I have chosen to write about children in grief. Since children in grief is a large area, I have chosen to focus on how preschool handles and works with children who has loosed a parent, siblings or a play-mate by death. The aim of this work is to contribute knowledge about how you in preschool can handle and work with children in grief. To get answers to my questions, I have studied the current literature in the field. I have also interviewed five people with experience and knowledge of work with preschool-children affected by grief.  In my work, I have come to the conclusion that preschool has a great influence to children affected by grief. The preschool-child can get the everyday routines that are important for the child confidence. It is also important that as a preschool teacher be there for the child and to really listen and show understanding when the child tells about their experiences and feelings.</p><p> </p>

Abstract In this work, I have chosen to write about children in grief. Since children in grief is a large area, I have chosen to focus on how preschool handles and works with children who has loosed a parent, siblings or a play-mate by death. The aim of this work is to contribute knowledge about how you in preschool can handle and work with children in grief. To get answers to my questions, I have studied the current literature in the field. I have also interviewed five people with experience and knowledge of work with preschool-children affected by grief.  In my work, I have come to the conclusion that preschool has a great influence to children affected by grief. The preschool-child can get the everyday routines that are important for the child confidence. It is also important that as a preschool teacher be there for the child and to really listen and show understanding when the child tells about their experiences and feelings.

Older patients comprise a large portion of patients in the acute care setting. Registered Nurses (RNs) are the main care providers in the hospital setting. RNs caring for older hospitalized patients are affected by many factors including workload pressures, issues related to the acute care environment and attitudes toward older patients. However, a literature review identified a limited number of studies exploring the RNs experience of caring for older patients in the acute care setting. This study explored the RNs experience of caring for older patients (age 65 and older) on an orthopedic unit in an acute care hospital. Saturation was reached with a purposive sample of nine RNs working on the orthopedic unit, including eight females and 1 male. Participants were interviewed using broad open-ended questions, followed by questions more specific to emerging themes. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using Glasers (1992) grounded theory approach. Participants described the basic social problem as dealing with the complexity of older patients. The basic social process identified was the concept of looking beyond. Looking beyond was described as looking at the big picture to find what lies outside the scope of the ordinary. Three sub-processes of looking beyond were identified as connecting, searching, and knowing. Connecting was described as getting to know patients as a person by taking time, respecting and understanding the individual. Searching was described as digging deeper, searching for the unknown by looking for clues and mining everywhere for information. Knowing was described as intuitively knowing what is going to happen and what the older patient needs by pulling it all together and knowing what to expect. These dynamic sub-processes provided the RN with the relationship and information required to look beyond to manage the older patients complexity. The results of this study have implications for nursing practice, education and research. These findings may provide RNs with a process to manage the complex care of a large portion of our population.

Older patients comprise a large portion of patients in the acute care setting. Registered Nurses (RNs) are the main care providers in the hospital setting. RNs caring for older hospitalized patients are affected by many factors including workload pressures, issues related to the acute care environment and attitudes toward older patients. However, a literature review identified a limited number of studies exploring the RNs experience of caring for older patients in the acute care setting. This study explored the RNs experience of caring for older patients (age 65 and older) on an orthopedic unit in an acute care hospital. Saturation was reached with a purposive sample of nine RNs working on the orthopedic unit, including eight females and 1 male. Participants were interviewed using broad open-ended questions, followed by questions more specific to emerging themes. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using Glasers (1992) grounded theory approach. Participants described the basic social problem as dealing with the complexity of older patients. The basic social process identified was the concept of looking beyond. Looking beyond was described as looking at the big picture to find what lies outside the scope of the ordinary. Three sub-processes of looking beyond were identified as connecting, searching, and knowing. Connecting was described as getting to know patients as a person by taking time, respecting and understanding the individual. Searching was described as digging deeper, searching for the unknown by looking for clues and mining everywhere for information. Knowing was described as intuitively knowing what is going to happen and what the older patient needs by pulling it all together and knowing what to expect. These dynamic sub-processes provided the RN with the relationship and information required to look beyond to manage the older patients complexity. The results of this study have implications for nursing practice, education and research. These findings may provide RNs with a process to manage the complex care of a large portion of our population.

The aim of this research is to examine the conceptual design issues concerned with integrating product capabilities that can only be generated at the micro- scale (through feature sizes generally of the order of 100nm to 100μm) directly into 3-dimensional products at the macro-scale. Such macro-scale products could accordingly contain internal devices that are too small to be seen or touched by unaided human designers, which begs the question as to how to enable designers to work with objects which are beyond direct human experience, and how can the necessary collective discussion take place within teams of designers, and between these teams and those responsible for product manufacture? This thesis examines and tests a concept that theoretical 2-dimensional diagrams of function may be transformed into 3-dimensional working structures using procedures allied to those used by graphic designers to create solid objects from 2-dimensional prototype geometries through, for example, extrusion or rotation. Applying such procedures to theoretical diagrams in order to transform them into scalable 3-dimensional devices is not yet in general use at the macro-scale, but with increasing recognition of the unique capabilities of the micro- scale the idea may grow in appeal to alleviate the difficulties of conceiving of functional structures that, when built, will be too small to experience directly. Furthermore this design method, through its basis upon a common currency of functional diagrams, may overcome many of the problems of describing and discussing the design and manufacture of normally intangible objects in 3 dimensions. Finally, it is shown through the example of a novel Red Blood Cell / Plasma Separation Device that the geometric transformation process can lead to the design of functional structures which would not readily be arrived at intuitively, and that may be effectively and efficiently integrated into host products.

No description available.

Pour les descendants des survivants du génocide arménien de 1915, les traumatismes actuels, liés à la confrontation aux épreuves du vieillissement et à l’hospitalisation, ont un effet attracteur des traumatismes transgénérationnels. Ces traumatismes génocidaires non subjectivés, transmis au travers des générations, tentent de prendre forme et sens, trouvant dans le présent du vieillissement une « correspondance hallucinatoire » (après-coup). Ces patients ont en commun d’avoir vécu une accumulation de traumas au cours de leurs vies : le deuil, la dépendance, la passivation, la crainte de mourir, rencontrés aujourd’hui, ont déjà fait partie de leur histoire individuelle et ont déjà induit dans le passé d’autres après-coups des traumatismes transgénérationnels. À l’heure du vieillissement, dans la psyché du patient, on assiste à un processus de « feuilletage traumatique », où les différents temps traumatiques présents, passés et transgénérationnels, résonnent et s’intriquent. Les entretiens cliniques sont l’occasion pour ces sujets de retrouver et de partager les mythes familiaux dont ils sont porteurs : en appui sur cet héritage mythique, ce feuilletage peut se « dé-collapser », la psyché réussissant alors à s’approprier l’expérience traumatique qui s’inscrit dans une histoire. Du feuilletage traumatique, d’abord inerte, peuvent advenir des remaniements psychiques remobilisés par la fonction transformatrice du mythe. Dans d’autres cas, les mythes familiaux ont, dans la psyché, une fonction davantage protectrice que transformatrice et le travail thérapeutique consiste à ranimer ce mythe figé, pour le réinscrire dans un mouvement dynamique. Ailleurs, on assiste aux efforts du sujet pour créer un mythe, à défaut de pouvoir en retrouver dans la mémoire. Les transferts parentaux et filiaux permettent de remettre au travail et de relancer, dans la relation thérapeutique, la transmission entre les générations. Les patients peuvent ainsi redonner vie, retrouver du sens à leur fin de vie et continuer à s’inscrire dans une « co-transmission » avec leur descendance. / For the descendants of the survivors of the 1915 Armenian genocide, the current traumas connected with the painful experience of ageing and hospital care have a drawing power on transgenerational trauma. Such traumas, passed on through generations, attempt to take shape finding a “hallucinatory correspondence” in the present ageing experience (deferred action). These subjects share the common experience of superposition of traumas that they have gone through all along their lives: bereavement, dependence, the constraint passivity, the fear of death, which are confronted with today, have already been part of their individual history and have already induced, in the past, other deferred actions ascribable to transgenerational traumas. When comes the time of ageing, in the patient’s psyche, we witness a process of “traumatic superposition” whereby the interplay of various traumatic times-present, past, and transgenerational resonate and become closely enmeshed. Psychological interviews conducted by the practitioner provide such subjects with the opportunity to revisit and to share the family myths which they carry within themselves. Relying on this mythical legacy, the superposition may “de-collapse itself”, the psyche succeeding in appropriating the traumatic experience that lies within the scope of a history. From the traumatic superposition, which is initially inert, there can happen psychic reorganisations which are mobilized anew by the transforming function of the myth. In other cases, family myths have within the psyche, a function more protective than transforming and the therapy consists in reviving this frozen myth in order to place it again within the frame of a dynamic movement. In other cases, what we may observe is the subject’s endeavour to create myth of his or her own for lack of being able to trace it backing his or her memory. Parental or filial transference makes it possible to start up and to stimulate again the transmission between generations within the therapeutic relationship. So doing, the patients can restore life; give back significance to the end of their lives and keep in line with a co-transmission with their descendants.

As a social endeavour, the practice of nursing is expected to minimise risk of harm to patients. In reality, the risk of breaching or failing to meet a standard of practice, with resultant harm to patients is ever present. Such variations to the expected standard may result in harm to the patient and be viewed as unprofessional conduct within the legislative context. The phenomenon of unprofessional conduct can have significant and sometimes dire outcomes for patients and nurses and provides challenges to understand antecedents to its occurrence and the impact on the nurse. From this realisation, the significance of this study is twofold. Firstly, the literature revealed that an allegation of unprofessional conduct and the associated experience of being reported to a regulatory authority can have significant psycho-social and professional impact on the nurse. Secondly, the phenomenon has received little formal analysis. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to explore the phenomenon of alleged unprofessional conduct, and to develop a theory that provided understanding of the phenomenon and a framework for action. Data was obtained from in-depth interviews of a specialised sample of 21 nurses in any state or territory of Australia who had been the subject of notification by a nursing regulatory authority of alleged unprofessional conduct. Data analysis occurred simultaneously using the constant comparative method. This resulted in the generation of a substantive theory, explaining how nurses dealt with an allegation of unprofessional conduct. This study found that nurses experienced varying degrees and combinations of personal and professional vulnerability. This put them at risk of either making an error, breaching a practice standard, and/or at risk of being reported to a nurse regulatory authority for an allegation of unprofessional conduct. The core social process, a transformation of the personal and professional self is a process that the nurse both 'engages in' and 'goes through', in response to the social problem, being reported to a nurse regulatory authority for alleged unprofessional conduct, and its aftermath. The social process is made up of two categories: loss of the assumptive world: the experience of deconstruction and relearning the world. Loss of the assumptive world is comprised of being confronted, deconstruction of the personal self and deconstruction of the professional self. The category Relearning the world: the experience of reconstruction is constructed of the sub-categories, preserving the self: minimising the unravelling; reconstructing the personal self; reconstructing the professional self; and living within the world. Consequences of the category relearning the world are dynamic and influenced by a number of factors. The ability to transact the deconstructed self and move through the reconstructive processes and experience can be viewed in the following states, stymied, evolving or transacted. The personal and professional transformation of the individual nurse is influenced by the degree of deconstruction initially experienced, the interplay with the influencing factors internal and external support processes; resilience; time; and the constant of vulnerability. The findings of this study have implications for clinical, management, education and research practices in nursing. It also exposes problems with the use of nurse regulatory authorities as a punitive strategy for nurses who err. The uncovering of this substantive theory articulates a process whereby nurses are transformed personally and professionally in response to a traumatic or challenging life event. This substantive theory has value in providing a decision making framework for managing breaches of nursing standards, as a learning tool to identifying and managing risk in nursing and providing a framework for self and external support to nurses who may find themselves in this situation.

The aim was to map the first and second link in the chain municipal waste management, particularly with municipal sorted waste. I focused on the core components of municipal waste - paper, plastic and glass. The thesis examined public awareness about waste, how well informed they are and whether people are interested in products made from recycled materials. The second part was to describe the situation in a company dealing with waste, described problems are encountered and to find the steps that would lead to improve this situation