The Operating Room (OR) is a clinical context in which interprofessional teams surgically intervene with the intention of improving the health of the patients they care for. Despite this, surgery is high risk, invasive and often volatile. The reality is that some patients die in the OR, an outcome which violates the care intention of the clinicians who work there. Using the narrative paradigm, this study explores the stories interprofessional team members shared about caring for patients who died intraoperatively. To appreciate the cultural climate in which these stories were rooted, a literature review of OR culture and theoretical analysis of master narratives was conducted. Using individual interviews, six perioperative clinicians were invited to share their stories: two Registered Nurses, one Registered Practical Nurse, two Surgeons and one Anesthetist. Two analytic approaches were used to authentically capture participant narratives: a narrative thematic approach and structural analysis. The structural analysis revealed the types of stories told—tragedies, romances, comedies and satires—while the thematic perspective elucidated participants’ experiences of intraoperative death and their interpretation of the impact of these experiences. These findings illustrated unique perspectives of intraoperative death, illuminating features which enhanced or deteriorated the experiences for clinicians and their teams. Examining results in tandem with master narratives highlighted prevalent cultural discourses which are held in tension by the clinicians who perpetuate them. Exploring these intersecting elements provides insight into implications for nursing practice, research, education and policy, with particular attention to interprofessional dynamics, staff support, and promoting a culture of resilience.

Death row is a space across the United States that continues to expand, not only in numbers, but in the length of time inmates spend confined there. Fewer and fewer inmates are executed and death row is now increasingly the only punishment of capital convicts. This thesis examines the retributive and punitive treatment of death-sentenced offenders within that space and, by viewing that form of imprisonment as part of a communication process, it assesses the contribution it makes to the death penalty more generally in the USA to argue that death row imprisonment is crucial in sustaining the distinction of capital offenders, and the death penalty itself.Just as death row receives images from wider culture, it simultaneously generates images that complement and validate those it receives, of death sentenced offenders as dangerous monsters. These images, of offenders who require punitive detention, align with the dominant supportive rationale of capital punishment, retribution, and provide a basis for continued death penalty support in an era of declining executions.In the “hidden world” of death row, prisoners are left to be abused, mistreated, and denied privileges and opportunities available to other prisoners. The capital offender is presented by his death row incarceration as different from all other offenders serving other sentences, even life without parole. Death row incarceration communicates the worth and status of the condemned, presenting him as a dangerous, and dehumanised other, who needs to be securely detained, and restricted. Thus death row validates and justifies the cultural needs of capital punishment. Just as wider culture, including, specifically, the legal community, dictates a requirement for punitive detention, death row corroborates that image with its own in a self-affirming loop. Death row is therefore functional beyond the mere holding of offenders, it affirms cultural descriptions of the condemned and thus justifies, and provides support for, the very continuation of capital punishment itself.

Only in the past two decades have adults become aware that terminally ill children do know at some level when they are dying. This research used a case study format to investigate the changes in how one child dying of leukemia viewed herself. Specifically, it looked for symbolic and emotional themes which emerged in the material, including Decathexis (separation) and Rebirth. Each of twenty-eight drawings created by this child was analyzed in-depth for content by the researcher. Convergent material from hospital records and a parent journal supplemented the stories and teacher notes accompanying the drawings. Six experts from three countries also categorized each drawing for images of Decathexis and Rebirth. Initially, themes of threats, dreams, trickery and intuition appeared along with fear and sadness. Once the child seemed to clearly understand that she would die, these changed to fading and distancing images, indicative of separation. There was a slight increase in images supporting themes of resignation and happiness. Physical deterioration and resistance appeared throughout the series as distortions of a girl and dilapidated and edged houses. Themes of a new home and travel also appeared throughout. The classification by experts according to Decathexis and Rebirth resulted in unanimous agreement on twenty-five per cent of the pictures and two thirds of the experts agreed on the placement of eighty-six per cent of the pictures. It would appear that on one level the child knew from the beginning that she would die, but at another level she resisted that knowledge for a time. As clear awareness of death was developing, defensive themes such as trickery and dreaming appeared in stories which accompanied the drawings. However, the images, themes and convergent material suggest that she reconciled the dual awareness levels and worked towards acceptance of her fate. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

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Thesis (M. A.) --University of Limpopo, 2014 / The main aim of this study is to analyse in detail different poems from different authors which reveal the way in which death comes to people and also explains how difficult it is, if someone has lost his/her lover. The first chapter reveals the general outline of the study, the problem statement, the aim, its significance and methodology. The most important terms of the study have been explained to be analysed. Chapter 2 explains defines and analysed the selected poems of different authors that reveal the ways in which death comes to living people. Chapter 3 deals with the general summary of this mini-dissertation. The recommendations for further research have been indicated in this chapter. Chapter 4 indicates a list of books which have been used in this mini-dissertation.

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Decisions on how to proceed at the death of a loved one can be very hard on those tasked with arranging funeral plans. When the deceased or their family span more than one culture, as frequently occurs in immigrant communities, those who remain may not even know what the culturally appropriate practices are. The difficulty of making decisions and plans without a resource base during times of mourning can increase the emotional burden of those who experience the death of a loved one. This research gathers information from persons in the culturally diverse Victoria and costal urban British Columbia’s Chinese Canadian community about some of the death rituals practised locally. It also delves into the beliefs about renegotiated relationships with the deceased, other family members, and the community at large. A summary of this research is provided in a brochure intended to assist people who, as was the case for myself, find they need to make final arrangements but who do not have much knowledge of practices in the Chinese Canadian community. / Graduate / jlacy@uvic.ca

The main objective of this study was to investigate the causes of child deaths in South Africa. The study analysed trends in the cause of death for the children aged 1-4 year s, examined sex· differentials and variation in the causes of child death by province, and month of death. When a country has a high child mortality, it usually signals high prevalence of infectious, parasitic, communicable, and other diseases associated with poor sanitary conditions and malnourishment . The research indicates that the leading underlying causes of death for children aged 1-4 years in South Africa are diarrhoea and gastroenteritis of presumed infectious origin, and pneumonia causes of child death vary by province and month of death. The leading immediate causes of child mortality include pneumonia organism unspecified, diarrhoea and gastroenteritis of presumed infectious origin. Whereas Microsoft excel was instrumental for cross tabulation, Super Cross (the Microsoft Windows-based tabulation system providing rapid access to very large database) was used for data analysis.. Super-Cross was also used to run all variables for each specific objective. It summarizes data in table presentation using Windows features. A propos these enabling tabulation seystems, the study highlighted the need for continued improvement in causes of child death data to facilitate monitoring of MDG no 4. / Thesis (Soc.Sc.(Population Studies) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2011

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