Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's degree in Technology: Homoeopathy at Technikon Natal, 2000. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of a Homoeopathic complex (Calcarea carbonica 15CH, Calcarea phosphorica 15CH, Chamomilla 30CH, Kreosotum 30CH and Pulsatilla 30CH) compared to a herbal teething gel (plantago tincture, Verbascum tincture and Kava Kava tincture) in terms of the clinical manifestations of problematic teething in infants. / M

published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1977.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1977.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Teething, a common subject of discussion among nursing mothers has been held responsible for a variety of childhood ailments by both health professionals and parents. It appears to be a social construct coined by society to express the experience the child goes through during early days of childhood. Teething to the dental profession is the biological expression of tooth movement, in a predominantly axial direction, from the tooth's developmental position within the jaws to its emergence in the oral cavity. Several studies have reported both health professionals and parents to attribute local and systematic disturbances to the eruption of the primary dentition. The mothers experience and understanding of teeting have not been reported on. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the mothers experience of their child's teething. The objectives of the study were to determine what mothers understood by the term teething; to establish the signs and symptoms mothers associate with teething; to ascertain the treatment sought by mothers for their child's teething; to investigate how mothers in different setting understand and respond to teething. / South Africa

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Dentistry / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (M.D.Sc.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

This work deals with the restorative treatment of caries in deciduous teeth. The aims of this study were to explore which factors contribute to treatment failure, to compare results of preparation methods most often used in deciduous teeth treatment and to focus on the direct restorative materials.

Orientador: Raquel Fernanda Gerlach / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T11:49:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_GlauceReginaCostade_D.pdf: 2702175 bytes, checksum: 662776089e445cabdc4c43cd85b1ff92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Devido ao aumento das evidências de que o desenvolvimento mental das crianças pode ser afetado quando elas apresentam concentrações de chumbo no sangue < 10 $g/dL, estudos a respeito de novos biomarcadores de dose interna são necessários, principalmente para se obter informações em relação à exposição de populações residentes em áreas sem contaminação conhecida pelo chumbo. No Brasil, não existe programa nacional para detecção de crianças contaminadas por este metal, as quais são as mais vulneráveis aos efeitos neurológicos resultantes da exposição crônica a baixas concentrações de chumbo, entretanto, alguns estudos mostraram altas concentrações de chumbo no esmalte superficial de dentes decíduos de crianças brasileiras. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) determinar e correlacionar a concentração de chumbo de crianças residentes no Bairro Campos Elíseos de Ribeirão Preto, no sangue total, soro, saliva e amostras de esmalte superficial in vivo; 2) comparar a concentração de chumbo encontrada nos diferentes biomarcadores de acordo com a presença ou ausência de anemia; 3) avaliar a influência dos polimorfismos da ALAD e VDR nos níveis de chumbo dos diferentes biomarcadores. 444 crianças, com idades entre 6 e 8 anos, participaram deste estudo. Amostras de sangue, soro, saliva total, saliva submandibular e da parótida foram coletadas. Duas microbiópsias de esmalte sucessivas foram realizadas em dente decíduo e permanente, nas quais o fósforo foi determinado colorimetricamente, para calcular sua profundidade. As concentrações de chumbo no sangue, soro, saliva e esmalte dental foram determinadas por espectrometria de massa com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICPMS). O limite de detecção (LD) do método foi 0,03 $g/L e 0,02 $g/L para o soro e saliva, respectivamente. A concentração de hemoglobina foi determinada pelo contador de células Micros - ABX. Os genótipos para os polimorfismos da ALAD e VDR foram determinados por PCR e enzimas de restrição. Para a realização das análises de correlação, as crianças foram divididas em 2 grupos de acordo com a concentração de chumbo no sangue (< 4 and = 4 $g/dL) e no esmalte dental (< 400 e = 400 $g/g). O nível de significância utilizado em cada uma das estatísticas foi de 0,05. Os níveis de chumbo no sangue e no soro variaram de 0,2 a 9,4 (mediana, 2,1) $g/dL e < LD a 2,6 (mediana, 0,4) $g/L, respectivamente. Dez por cento das crianças apresentaram concentração de chumbo no sangue = 4 $g/dL. Os meninos mostraram quantidades de chumbo no sangue total significantemente maiores do que as meninas (2,3 versus 2,0 $g/dL, p<0.0003). As concentrações de chumbo na saliva total, sublingual e parótida foram 1,7; 1,4 e 1,3 $g/L, respectivamente. Não houve correlação entre a concentração de chumbo no sangue e soro e nem entre chumbo no sangue e saliva. Também não encontramos correlação entre concentração de chumbo no soro e saliva. Nas profundidades de 3,1 e 7,0 $m, a mediana da concentração de chumbo, para a primeira e segunda microbiópsias nos decíduos, foi 109,3 e 45,9 $g/g, respectivamente. Para a primeira e segunda microbiópsias nos permanentes, a mediana da concentração de chumbo foi de 308,3 e 99,7 $g/g, respectivamente, e a mediana de suas profundidades 2,9 e 6,0 $m, respectivamente. Não houve correlação entre concentração de chumbo no sangue e no esmalte dental. Nove (n= 35) e 3% (n= 12) das crianças apresentaram concentração de chumbo = 400 $g/g na superfície do esmalte decíduo, para a primeira e segunda microbiópsias, respectivamente, e 33 (n= 92) e 7% (n= 18) tiveram chumbo = 400 $g/g no esmalte permanente, para a primeira e segunda microbiópsias, respectivamente. Uma forte e significante correlação entre chumbo no plasma e no esmalte foi encontrada apenas para crianças que possuíam concentração de chumbo no esmalte superficial = 400 $g/g (r= 0,65, p< 0,0001, para decíduos e 0,51, p< 0,0001, para permanentes). Além disso, não encontramos correlação entre chumbo no esmalte e chumbo nas salivas. Nenhuma diferença estatística foi encontrada entre a distribuição dos alelos da ALAD e VDR (para os polimorfismos BsmI, ApaI e FokI) e chumbo no sangue, soro e esmalte. Nossos resultados mostram uma exposição indevida ao metal na população de 6-8 anos, residente no bairro dos Campos Elíseos (Ribeirão Preto, SP), com 10% das crianças com concentração de chumbo no sangue entre 4,0 e 9,4 $g/dL. Uma forte e significativa correlação foi encontrada somente entre a concentração de chumbo no soro e no esmalte dental, nas crianças que foram mais expostas ambientalmente ao metal. Os dados sugerem que as fontes em que as crianças estão expostas ao chumbo merecem mais estudos no Brasil, assim como dados de concentrações do metal no sangue total de crianças mais novas, pois já está descrito que os níveis de chumbo no sangue < 10 $g/dL podem causar danos neurológicos às crianças. / Abstract: With increasing evidence of adverse health effects of lower levels of lead (below 10 $g/dL in whole blood), studies on novel internal dose biomarkers are needed. In Brazil, some studies showed high amounts of lead in the superficial enamel of deciduous enamel. The aim of this study was 1) to determine and to correlate the lead concentration in children living in Campos Elíseos district (in Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil), in whole blood (BL), serum, saliva, and surface enamel; 2) to correlate lead concentrations found using these biomarkers with anemia; 3) to evaluate the influence of ALAD and VDR polymorphisms on lead concentrations in these biomarkers. 444 children aged 6-8 years were enrolled in this study. BL, serum, parotid, submandibular and whole saliva were collected in trace element free tubes. Two successive acid etch enamel microbiopsies were performed on one deciduous and one permanent teeth. Phosphorus was colorimetrically determined to calculated microbiopsy depth. Lead concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The detection limit (DL) was 0.03 $g/L (serum) and 0.02 $g/L (saliva). The hemoglobin level was determined by an automated cell counter (Micros - ABX). Genotypes for the ALAD and VDR polymorphism were determined by PCR and restriction fragment length digestion. For correlations, children were subdivided in two groups according to BL concentration (< 4 and = 4 $g/dL) and enamel lead concentration (< 400 and = 400 $g/g). Statistical significance was accepted when p< 0.05. BL and serum lead levels ranged from 0.2 to 9.4 (median, 2.1) $g/dL and < DL to 2.6 (median, 0.4) $g/L, respectively. 10% of the children showed BL above 4 $g/dL. Boys showed higher BL concentrations than girls (2.3 versus 2.0 $g/dL, p< 0.0003). Lead concentrations in whole, sublingual and parotid saliva were 1.7, 1.4 and 1.3 $g/L, respectively. No correlations between BL and serum, and between BL and saliva lead concentrations were found, nor between serum lead versus whole, sub and parotid lead values. The median lead concentrations found in the first and second deciduous tooth enamel microbiopsy were 109.3 and 45.9 $g/g, respectively, when median biopsy depths were 3.1 and 7.0 $m. For the first and second microbiopsies in permanent teeth, median lead concentrations were 308.3 and 99.7 $g/g, respectively, and median biopsy depths were 2.9 and 6.0 $m, respectively. There was no correlation between BL and enamel lead. Nine % (n= 35) and 3% (n= 12) of the children showed surface enamel lead levels in the first and second deciduous enamel microbiopsy = 400 $g/g, respectively, and 33% (n= 92) and 7% (n= 18) had lead = 400 $g/g in the first and second permanent enamel microbiopsies, respectively. A significant correlation between serum and enamel lead levels was found for children with surface enamel lead concentrations = 400 $g/g (r= 0.65, p< 0.0001 for deciduous and 0.51, p< 0.0001 for permanent teeth). No correlation was found between lead content in enamel and saliva. No difference between the distribution of ALAD alleles and among VDR alleles (for BsmI, ApaI and FokI polymorphisms) and BL, serum and enamel lead levels was found. In conclusion, our data showed an undue exposure in the study population of 6-8-yearsold children living in Campos Elíseos (Ribeirão Preto, SP), as observed in the BL and enamel samples. We found a strong correlation between serum and enamel lead levels only for children who were probably more exposed to lead. Our data suggests that sources of exposure to lead by children deserve further studies in Brazil, as well as the BL lead levels of younger children. / Doutorado / Histologia e Embriologia / Doutor em Biologia Buco-Dental

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / The investigation was designed to evaluate the scoring systems of pitts (1984), and that of Murray and Majid(1978), when used to monitor caries progression in deciduous teeth. The evaluation.was based on the reproducibility and discrlininatory ability of the two systems. The Reproducibility Study was designed to compare the reproducibility of the two systems, and in addition, to illustrate, firstly the use of the subject as the sampling unit in measuring reproducibility, and secondly, a more sensitive method of measuring reproducibility when analysing caries progression data. The Progression Study was designed to discriminatory ability. In addition the compare use of the the effect on subject as the sampling unit in monitoring caries progression was illustrated in the analysis of this part of the investigation. A sub-sample of the posterior bitewing radiographs of 301, 5 year old children from a Duraphat clinical trial (Murray et al. 1977, Murray and Majid 1978) were re-examined. For the Reproducibility Study 150 sets of radiographs were examined a total of 4 times, (repeated examinations for each method). For the Progression Study three serial bitewing radiographs of 50 children were examined using the two methods. For the Reproducibility Study, Kendall's Tau-B was used as an approxlination of the weighted Kappa as a measure of reproducibility. While the pitts method appeared to be more reliable, the difference .between the tYK>methods was not significant( p~ 05). The surface cannot be used as an independent unit in measuring reproducibility. A method using the subject as the sampling unit was illustrated. Attention was drawn to the need to develop a measure of reproducibility for progression studies which would take into account the magnitude of the disagreement (instead of just disagreement) into the overall index of reproducibility. The use of weighted Kappa is suggested as a more appropriate measure of reproducibility. In the Progression Study Method 1 is more sensitive to the various stages of the disease process and provides a more complete overall picture of the carious process. The proportion of enamel lesions recorded for Method 1 were consistantly higher than that for Method 2. The behaviour of outer and inner enamel lesions differed considerably and Method 1 allowed the behaviour of these lesions to be considered separately. The progression rates were found to be faster with Method 2. With Method 1 30% of enamel lesions per subject had progressed to dentine or been filled 12 months later, the corresponding figure for Method 2 was 50%. Method 2 by excluding outer enamel lesions introduces two biases. The combination of these biases favour overestimating the proportion of lesions deemed to have progressed. The use of Method 2 may lead to the unnecessary loss of valuable data; more surfaces were excluded as being unreadable because of overlap. The average proportion of surfaces per subject recorded as unreadible due to overlap was 7% at baseline, 8% at 12 months and 8% at 24 months, the corresponding figures for Method 2 were 13%, 13% and 22% for Method 2. Method 1 thus appears to offer some advantages. The use of the subject as the sampling unit in analysing caries progression data offers a mnnber of advantages when canpared to the use of the surface as the sampling unit. The findings of the study indicate the proportions of high risk subjects (subjects in whom a large proportion of lesions progressed in a given time period) was low. With Method 1 in only 11% of the subjects did 80-100% of the enamel lesions progress after 12 months. The findings indicate that the Pitts system is the more useful scoring system in studies monitoring caries progression in deciduous teeth. / British Council