The vast majority of behavioral ethical research focuses on the antecedents of unethical behavior. Consequently, questions involving the consequences of organizational unethical behavior remain largely unanswered. Therefore, extant business ethics research largely neglects the impacts of organizational unethical behavior on individuals. Moreover, questions involving what organizations can do to correct or recover from having engaged in unethical behavior as well as individual responses to those efforts are also mostly ignored. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of unethical activity on employees and explore organizations that have failed ethically and their attempts at recovery. This study explores two issues. First, how do employees react to organizational unethical behavior (OUB) and to what extent are those reactions dependent on contextual and individual factors? Second, to what extent can organizations recover from the negative impacts of ethical failure? More specifically, is it possible for organizations that fail in their ethical responsibilities to recover such that they are paradoxically "better-off" than their counterparts that never failed in the first place? To explore these issues I review, integrate and draw upon the ethical decision-making and service failure recovery literatures for theoretical support. Empirical testing included two studies. The first was a field study using survey data acquired from the Ethics Resource Center (ERC) in which over 29,000 participants were asked about their perceptions of ethics at work. Second, a supplemental field study was conducted in which 100 employees rated the characteristics of unethical acts (e.g. severity). Results revealed a negative direct effect of severity and controllability of the OUB on perceptions of organizational ethicality and a negative direct effect of controllability of the OUB on organizational satisfaction. Ethical context moderated the relationship between OUB controllability and perceived organizational ethicality. Partial support was found for the moderating effects of ethical context on the relationship between OUB severity and perceived organizational ethicality. Results also supported an ethical failure recovery paradox.

Nesse trabalho, apresentaremos o método econômico desenvolvido por Taguchi para monitoramento on line da qualidade para atributos. O propósito deste método é obter o intervalo de inspeção que minimiza o custo esperado por item produzido em um processo industrial. Em seguida, mostraremos o modelo alternativo proposto por Nayebpour e Woodall (1993) e a derivação dos estimadores de máxima verossimilhança e de Bayes desenvolvida por Borges, Esteves e Wechsler (2005). Finalmente, apresentaremos uma nova solução para o problema de determinação do intervalo de inspeção ótimo sob a perspectiva da Teoria de Decisão Bayesiana. A última solução será ilustrada com alguns exemplos. / In this work, we present Taguchi\'s economic on line quality monitoring method for attributes. The aim of this method is to obtain the inspection interval that minimizes the expected cost per item produced in an industrial process. After that, we will consider the alternative method proposed by Nayebpour e Woodall (1993) and the derivation of the maximum likelihood and Bayes estimators developed by Borges, Esteves e Wechsler (2005). Finally, we will propose a new solution to the problem of inspection interval determination through Bayesian Decision Theory. This last solution will be implemented and its performance will be illustrated with a few examples.

Nesse trabalho, apresentaremos o método econômico desenvolvido por Taguchi para monitoramento on line da qualidade para atributos. O propósito deste método é obter o intervalo de inspeção que minimiza o custo esperado por item produzido em um processo industrial. Em seguida, mostraremos o modelo alternativo proposto por Nayebpour e Woodall (1993) e a derivação dos estimadores de máxima verossimilhança e de Bayes desenvolvida por Borges, Esteves e Wechsler (2005). Finalmente, apresentaremos uma nova solução para o problema de determinação do intervalo de inspeção ótimo sob a perspectiva da Teoria de Decisão Bayesiana. A última solução será ilustrada com alguns exemplos. / In this work, we present Taguchi\'s economic on line quality monitoring method for attributes. The aim of this method is to obtain the inspection interval that minimizes the expected cost per item produced in an industrial process. After that, we will consider the alternative method proposed by Nayebpour e Woodall (1993) and the derivation of the maximum likelihood and Bayes estimators developed by Borges, Esteves e Wechsler (2005). Finally, we will propose a new solution to the problem of inspection interval determination through Bayesian Decision Theory. This last solution will be implemented and its performance will be illustrated with a few examples.

Federal educational policy, No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, focused attention on America’s education with conspicuous results. One aspect, highly qualified classroom teacher and principal (HQ), was taxing since states established individual accountability structures. The HQ impact and use of data-informed decision-making (DIDM) for Texas elementary science education monitoring by campus administrators, Campus Instruction Leader (CILs), provides crucial relationships to 5th grade students’ learning and achievement. Forty years research determined improved student results when sustained, supported, and focused professional development (PD) for teachers is available. Using mixed methods research, this study applied quantitative and qualitative analysis from two, electronic, on-line surveys: Texas Elementary, Intermediate or Middle School Teacher Survey© and the Texas Elementary Campus Administrator Survey© with results from 22.3% Texas school districts representing 487 elementary campuses surveyed. Participants selected in random, stratified sampling of 5th grade teachers who attended local Texas Regional Collaboratives science professional development (PD) programs between 2003-2008. Survey information compared statistically to campus-level average passing rate scores on the 5th grade science TAKS using Statistical Process Software (SPSS). Written comments from both surveys analyzed with Qualitative Survey Research (NVivo) software. Due to the level of uncertainty of variables within a large statewide study, Mauchly’s Test of Sphericity statistical test used to validate repeated measures factor ANOVAs. Although few individual results were statistically significant, when jointly analyzed, striking constructs were revealed regarding the impact of HQ policy applications and elementary CILs use of data-informed decisions on improving 5th grade students’ achievement and teachers’ PD learning science content. Some constructs included the use of data-warehouse programs; teachers’ applications of DIDM to modify lessons for differentiated science instruction, the numbers of years’ teachers attended science PD, and teachers’ influence on CILs staffing decisions. Yet CILs reported 14% of Texas elementary campuses had limited or no science education programs due to federal policy requirement for reading and mathematics. Three hypothesis components were supported and accepted from research data resulted in two models addressing elementary science, science education PD, and CILs impact for federal policy applications. / text

Cette thèse en informatique présente un travail de modélisation cognitive computationnelle, à partir de données de mouvements oculaires lors de tâches de recherche d'information dans des textes. Nous nous intéressons à cette situation quotidienne de recherche d'informations dans un journal ou une page web, dans laquelle il faut juger si un texte est sémantiquement relié ou non à un but, exprimé par quelques mots. Parce que le temps est souvent une contrainte, les textes ne sont souvent pas entièrement lus avant qu'intervienne la décision. Plus précisément, nous avons analysé les mouvements des yeux dans deux tâches de recherche d'information consistant à lire un paragraphe et à décider rapidement i) s'il est associé à un but donné et ii) s'il est plus associé à un but donné qu'un autre paragraphe traité auparavant. Un modèle est proposé pour chacune de ces situations. Nos simulations sont réalisées au niveau des fixations et des saccades oculaires. En particulier, nous prédisons le moment auquel les participants décident d'abandonner la lecture du paragraphe parce qu'ils ont suffisamment d'information pour prendre leur décision. Les modèles font ces prédictions par rapport aux mots qui sont susceptibles d'être traités avant que le paragraphe soit abandonné. Les jugements d'association sémantiques humains sont reproduits par le calcul des similarités sémantiques entre mots produits par l'analyse de la sémantique latente (LSA, Landauer et al., 2007). Nous avons suivi une approche statistique paramétrique dans la construction de nos modèles. Ils sont basés sur un classifieur bayésien. Nous proposons un seuil linéaire bi-dimensionnel pour rendre compte de la décision d'arrêter de lire un paragraphe, utilisant le Rang de la fixation et i) la similarité sémantique (Cos) entre le paragraphe et le but ainsi que ii) la différence de similarité sémantique (Gap) entre chaque paragraphe et le but. Pour chacun des modèles, les performances montrent que nous sommes capables de reproduire en moyenne le comportement des participants face aux tâches de recherche d'information étudiées durant cette thèse. Cette thèse comprend deux parties principales : 1) la conception et la passation d'expériences psychophysiques pour acquérir des données de mouvements oculaires et 2) le développement et le test de modèles cognitifs computationnels. / This computer science thesis presents a computational cognitive modeling work using eye movements of people faced to different information search tasks on textual material. We studied situations of everyday life when people are seeking information on a newspaper or a web page. People should judge whether a piece of text is semantically related or not to a goal expressed by a few words. Because quite often time is a constraint, texts may not be entirely processed before the decision occurs. More specifically, we analyzed eye movements during two information search tasks: reading a paragraph with the task of quickly deciding i) if it is related or not to a given goal and ii) whether it is better related to a given goal than another paragraph processed previously. One model is proposed for each of these situations. Our simulations are done at the level of eye fixations and saccades. In particular, we predicted the time at which participants would decide to stop reading a paragraph because they have enough information to make their decision. The models make predictions at the level of words that are likely to be fixated before a paragraph is abandoned. Human semantic judgments are mimicked by computing the semantic similarities between sets of words using Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) (Landauer et al., 2007). We followed a statistical parametric approach in the construction of our models. The models are based on a Bayesian classifier. We proposed a two-variable linear threshold to account for the decision to stop reading a paragraph, based on the Rank of the fixation and i) the semantic similarity (Cos) between the paragraph and the goal and ii) the difference of semantic similarities (Gap) between each paragraph and the goal. For both models, the performance results showed that we are able to replicate in average people's behavior faced to the information search tasks studied along the thesis. The thesis includes two main parts: 1) designing and carrying out psychophysical experiments in order to acquire eye movement data and 2) developing and testing the computational cognitive models.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-07-17T16:32:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2814230 bytes, checksum: cec5972c5bac8a02a07ea5de206d2159 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-17T16:32:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2814230 bytes, checksum: cec5972c5bac8a02a07ea5de206d2159 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / The incorporation of new information systems in the field of Primary Health Care (PHC) is essential to the achievement of health actions, consistent with new proposals to care by professionals of the Family Health Strategy (FHS). In this context, the Information for Warning System Basic (SISAB), through the strategy e-NHS Primary Care was incorporated in order to improve the scenario so far installed with the Information System of Primary Care (SIAB), reducing workload in the collection and integration of data, and use of information by management in PHC. To start this process, the e-SUS AB has a data collection tool Simplified (CDS), which has its fulfillment through service records. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an assessment about the understanding that health professionals have about the use of this new technology for decision-making in their practices. Thus, this study brought the objective: investigating how health professionals use the data or information e-NHS Primary Care for decision-making in their practices. It is an exploratory, descriptive study, with quantitative and qualitative approach, conducted with the participation of 362 professionals, including nurses, doctors and dentists, FHS workers in the city of João Pessoa - PB. For sample composition was considered a stratified sampling with proportional allocation, with a significance level of 95% and margin of error of 5%. The study was conducted by applying a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions after approval by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP), with CAEE: 3940114.0.0000.5188 and the Municipal Health Secretariat (SMS). For data analysis it was built a database and performed the descriptive analysis with simple frequency and percentage, and inferential statistics through the Kruskal-Wallis test hypotheses, Multiple comparisons and Mann-Whitney. For the analysis of qualitative data there was used the technique of thematic analysis of Bardin. The results were able to identify the existence of similarities and differences between the groups of workers investigated by means of hypothesis testing. In addition, it was found that some professionals use the data from the e-SUS records to make decisions in their practices, given the existence of difficulties in this path as non-receipt of reports from data collected; plugs not suitable to local conditions; incomplete profiles; lack of training or continuing education, among others. Although, the study participants reported the need for readjustment of the chips, as well as feedback from data collected through reports, and even the implementation of Electronic Health Record Citizen (PEC), as they believe they would have the information immediately to guide and plan health actions in the FHS. / A incorporação de novos sistemas de informação na área da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é essencial para a concretização das ações em saúde condizentes com novas propostas de cuidar pelos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Logo, o Sistema de Informação para Atenção Básica (SISAB) foi incorporado na ESF por meio da estratégia e-SUS, com o objetivo de melhorar o cenário de dificuldades para com o uso dos dados e informações coletadas com o Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica (SIAB). Esse novo sistema propõe a redução da sobrecarga de trabalho na coleta e inserção dos dados, assim como melhorar a eficiência no uso da informação pela gestão no processo de tomada de decisão. O e-SUS AB conta com uma ferramenta de Coleta de Dados Simplificada (CDS), a qual tem seu preenchimento por meio de fichas de atendimento. Para tanto, se faz necessária investigar o conhecimento que os profissionais de saúde têm a respeito da utilização dessa nova tecnologia para a tomada de decisão em suas práticas. Logo, o presente estudo trouxe como objetivo: investigar como os profissionais de saúde utilizam os dados e informações do e-SUS Atenção Básica para a tomada de decisão em suas práticas. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, realizado com a participação de 362 profissionais, entre enfermeiros, médicos e odontólogos, trabalhadores de ESF do município de João Pessoa – PB. Para composição da amostra foi considerada uma amostragem estratificada com alocação proporcional, com nível de confiança de 95% e margem de erro de 5%. O estudo foi realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário estruturado, contendo questões abertas e fechadas após aprovação do projeto pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP), com CAEE n° 3940114.0.0000.5188 e pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SMS). Para a análise dos dados foi construído um banco de dados e realizado a análise descritiva com frequência e porcentagem simples, e estatística inferencial por meio dos testes de hipóteses de Kruskal-Wallis, Comparações Múltiplas e Mann-Whitney. Para a análise dos dados qualitativos foi empregada a técnica da análise temática de Bardin. Os resultados puderam identificar a existência de semelhanças e diferenças entre os grupos de trabalhadores investigados por meio dos testes de hipóteses. Além disso, constatou-se que os profissionais pouco utilizam os dados provenientes das fichas do e-SUS para tomar decisões em suas práticas, haja vista a existência de dificuldades nesse percurso como: não recebimento de relatórios dos dados colhidos; fichas não adequadas à realidade local; fichas incompletas; falta de treinamentos ou educação permanente, entre outros. Portanto, os participantes do estudo relataram a necessidade de readequação das fichas, assim como, o feedback dos dados coletados por meio de relatórios, e até mesmo, a implantação do Prontuário Eletrônico do Cidadão (PEC), já que acreditam que teriam a informação de forma imediata para nortear e planejar as ações em saúde na ESF.

Orientador: Alberto Luiz Francato / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T18:59:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franco_HermasTeixeira_M.pdf: 12981499 bytes, checksum: 1cc917f0c21b08e2633be79cc8d29042 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo construir uma ferramenta de suporte à decisão que permita avaliar de maneira fácil e rápida as alternativas existentes para a otimização energética do aproveitamento conjunto da operação multipla de um "Sistema Reservatório" já existente com vistas à maximização dos benefícios deste sistema. Definiu-se (para uso neste trabalho) a expressão "Sistema Reservatório"? como sendo um conjunto de reservatórios hídricos que propõe-se administrar. Definiu-se ainda (no âmbito deste trabalho) como benefícios a energia potencial gravitacional total (dentro do horizonte de planejamento) dos recursos hídricos compreendidos neste estudo. Para avaliar estas alternativas de otimização foi desenvolvido um especial sistema de suporte à decisão para ser usado pelos operadores do sistema podendo subsidiar o processo da tomada das decisões. Procurou-se construir esta ferramenta de tal forma que fosse constituida por um sistema computacional em ambiente gráfico (Windows ®) com interface amigável ao usuário (F-GUI - Friendly Grafic User Interface), para ser usada de forma contínua e que fosse também de fácil implantação. O arcabouço teórico utilizado pelo sistema foi o da concepção de Sistema de Suporte à Decisão para a modelagem do sistema em estudo, tendo usado a técnica de Programação Não Linear para a etapa da otimização. As funções da otimização multi-objetivo inerentes à produção de energia elétrica ou reservação de volumes d'água para a mesma finalidade, são tratadas pelo método das ponderações, ficando a cargo dos operadores do sistema a calibração dos fatores sob diferentes situações de carga. Este trabalho utilizou os dados disponibilizados pela AES Tietê referentes a cinco reservatórios-usinas sequenciais no Rio Tietê, três reservatórios-usinas sequencias no Rio Pardo, um reservatório-usina no Rio Grande e um reservatório-usina no Rio Mogi-Guaçu, todos situados na região Sudeste do Brasil / Abstract: This dissertation has the objective of build a Decision Support Tool that gives a quick and easy way to analyze all the different alternatives to manage integrated a complex of hydroelectric reservoirs seeking the maximization of the benefits of the complex. The benefits of the complex were defined as the total potential gravitational energy of the hydraulic resources included in the system in the period of the planning horizon. This tool had being built looking for a computer Friendly Graphic User Interface based in the Microsoftã Windows Operational System to make easy the use of the tool day by day and also the initial installation in the users computers. The theory used were the conception of the Decision Support Tool in the modeling phase study and the Non Linear Programming in the optimization phase. This dissertation has used the data provided by the owner of the power generation complex -AES Tiete- that include five reservoirs in the Tiete river basin, three reservoirs in the Pardo river basin, one reservoir in the Grande river basin and one reservoir in the Mogi-Guaçu river basin, all of them in the southeast region of Brasil, South America / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

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This study considers the details of development and use of a model of the visualization process to transform data in a warehouse to required insight. In the context of this study, `visualization process' refers to a step-wise methodology to develop enhanced insight by using visualization techniques. The model, named RoutePlanner, was developed by the researcher from a theoretical perspective and was then used and evaluated practically in the domain of insurance brokerage. The study highlights the proposed model, which comprises stages for the identification of the relevant data, selection of visualization methods and evaluation of the visualizations, undergirded by a set of practical guidelines. To determine the effect of the use of RoutePlanner an experiment was conducted to test a theory. The practical utility of RoutePlanner was assessed during an evaluation-of-use study. The goal of this study is to present the RoutePlanner model and the effect of its use. / Theoretical Computing / M.Sc. (Information Systems)

This study considers the details of development and use of a model of the visualization process to transform data in a warehouse to required insight. In the context of this study, `visualization process' refers to a step-wise methodology to develop enhanced insight by using visualization techniques. The model, named RoutePlanner, was developed by the researcher from a theoretical perspective and was then used and evaluated practically in the domain of insurance brokerage. The study highlights the proposed model, which comprises stages for the identification of the relevant data, selection of visualization methods and evaluation of the visualizations, undergirded by a set of practical guidelines. To determine the effect of the use of RoutePlanner an experiment was conducted to test a theory. The practical utility of RoutePlanner was assessed during an evaluation-of-use study. The goal of this study is to present the RoutePlanner model and the effect of its use. / Theoretical Computing / M.Sc. (Information Systems)