This thesis has three primary objectives: to deconstruct the genealogical representation of Maori as a physical, unintelligent and savage people, to examine the role that education, and particularly physical education has played in perpetuating these representations by channelling Maori into physical curriculum areas, and to provide a functional kaupapa Maori philosophy of health and physical education. Postmodern theory underpins this theses because it encourages the search for multiple truths. In the colonial context, specifically, it provides an ideal tool by which to deconstruct the supposedly objective and preordained single truths of the colonisers. As I demonstrate, these single truths proved to be politically motivated and false. I also employ a Foucauldian understanding of European history to describe how European bourgeois nationalism and normalisation mutated into biopower, where the normalised Self was able to control, limit, describe and kill the Other. Travellers, missionaries and settlers transposed biopower from Europe to colonial New Zealand. Later, descriptions of the Other - or rather the juxtapositioning of the Self next to depictions of the primitive/anti Other - by anthropologists and historians aided this process. For the benefit of enlightened liberals, colonisation in New Zealand required a specific rhetoric to recast ruthless aspects of the process as mere anomalies on the road to Utopia. The modernist Western world validated colonisation under the guises of humanism and progress: the savage, primitive, pre-philosophical Maori provided the perfect contrast against the civilised, mature, philosophical Self. This genealogical representation formed the basis for Pakeha and Maori relations - and continues to do so. Representations of Maori as intrinsically unintelligent and physical, framed politically motivated educational policy. Initially, racist educational directives channelled Maori into physical vocations to provide labour for untamed rural New Zealand. In the 1960�s and �70�s, racially biased intelligence test were employed to debiltate Maori students by streaming them into non-academic classes. Later, the so-called empowering rhetoric of the neo-colonial era informed curricula by promoting diluted and sanitised versions of tikanga Maori such as Taha Maori, its physical education offshoot Te Reo Kori, and the current New Zealand Health and Physical Education Curriculum. Promoted under the liberal banner of biculturalism, these initiatives primarily benefited Pakeha and further misrepresented Maori culture as simplistic and irrelevent to contemporary society. Deconstructing grand narratives encourages researchers to construct knowledge outside such totalising truths. Thus, the theoretical approach and historical disseminations outlined above provide the foundations for part two of this thesis, which is a contribution towards Maori knowledge. Employing an interpretivist, indepth interviewing and collaborative narrative epistemology, I constructed korero with kaumatua and pakeke. These focus on health and physical education from a Maori position. Subsequent discussion examines certain aspects of each korero, to form a functional Maori philosophy of physical activity delineated by hauora, a Maori notion of holistic health. The discussion also outlines a number of issues surrounding the incorporation of tikanga Maori into mainstream education.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Social and Political Thought. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 428-446). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19842

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 202-213.

Thesis (M.A.)--Cincinnati Christian University, 2009. / Includes abstract. Bibliography: l. 99-104.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliography (p. 238-244) and index.

Thesis (M.A.)--Cleveland State University, 2009. / Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 8, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-95). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2008. Graduate Programme in Communication & Culture. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 260-268). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR51778

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Villanova University, 2006. / Philosophy Dept. Includes bibliographical references.

LL.D. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Producing steel causes 6% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Experts recommend that these emissions are reduced by half by the year 2050 in order to avert the worst consequences of climate change. Demand for steel is predicted to double in the next 36 years, meaning that a 75% reduction in emissions per unit of steel produced is necessary to reach the recommended limit. Process efficiency improvements cannot deliver this magnitude of reduction; however if steel is used more efficiently so that less new material is required to deliver the same service - a concept termed 'material efficiency' - then this could allow demand to be satisfied whilst emissions targets are achieved. Construction is the single largest use of steel globally, therefore using steel more efficiently in construction will reduce emissions. Three material efficiency strategies are identified as having most potential for this industry: using less material, using products for longer, and reusing components. In order to prioritise areas for research, steel flows into construction are mapped, finding that industrial buildings and utility infrastructure are the largest users of steel, while superstructure is confirmed as the main use of steel in a typical building. To estimate the potential to use less steel in buildings, 23 steel-frame designs are studied, sourced from three leading design consultancies. The utilisation of each element is found and the building datasets are analysed to infer the amount of steel over-provided. The results suggest that such buildings contain almost twice as much steel as necessary for structural performance, and indicate that this amount of over-provision occurs to minimise labour costs, which are a larger proportion of total costs than materials. To investigate how buildings and infrastructure could be used for longer, reasons for their failure are reviewed. Based on interviews with industry professionals a set of strategies is proposed, tailored to each failure cause and distinguishing between cases where failure can and cannot be reasonably foreseen. Steel sections could be reclaimed from old buildings and reused in new buildings but this does not occur because they are damaged during demolition. Designing for deconstruction would facilitate reuse but is not practised due to its cost. Data from interviews and a commercial working group are analysed to identify three aspects of designing for deconstruction that provide financial and operational benefits to clients, thus encouraging their use. One remaining technical barrier to deconstruction is composite steel-concrete systems, where welded connectors make it impractical to separate the steel beam from the concrete slab without damage. A novel bolted composite connector is proposed and tested in three beam experiments. The bolted connector allows successful separation of the components, facilitating reuse. Its structural performance is similar to that of welded connectors and can be predicted using current design standards. Each of the investigations reveals significant opportunities to reduce steel use in construction by using material more efficiently. Achieving these savings would reduce demand for new steel production and thereby decrease carbon dioxide emissions.