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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Expanding the Knowledgebase of Earth’s Microbiome Using Culture Dependent and Independent Methods

Murphy, Trevor 01 June 2021 (has links)
Microorganisms exist ubiquitously on Earth, yet their functions and ecological roles remain elusive. Investigating these microbes is accomplished by using culture-dependent and culture-independent methodologies. This study employs both methodologies to characterize: 1) the genomic potential of the novel deep-subsurface bacterial isolate Thermanaerosceptrum fracticalcis strain DRI-13T by combining next-generation and nanopore sequencing technologies and 2) the microbiome of the artificial marine environment for the Hawaiian Bobtail Squid in aquaculture using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Microbial ecology of the deep-subsurface remains understudied in terms of microbial diversity and function. The genomic information of DRI-13T revealed a potential for syntrophic relationships, diverse metabolic potential including prophages/antiviral defenses, and novel methylation motifs. Artificial marine environments housing marine the Hawaiian Bobtail Squid (Euprymna scolopes) contain microorganisms that can directly influence animal and aquaculture health. No studies presently show if bacterial communities of the tank environment correlate with the health and productivity of E. scolopes. This study sought to address this by sampling from a year of unproductive aquaculture yield and comparing the bacterial communities from productive cohorts. Bacterial communities from unproductive samples show less bacterial diversity and abundance coupled with shifts in bacterial composition. Nitrate and pH levels between the tanks were found to be strong influences on determining the bacterial populations of productive and unproductive cohorts.
2

Communautés fongiques de sédiments marins de subsurface : diversité, origine et rôle écologique / Fungal communities in deep subsurface sediments : diversity, origin and ecological role

Rédou, Vanessa 27 October 2014 (has links)
Au cours des vingt dernières années, les études sur les sédiments marins profonds ont révélé la présence et l'activité de communautés microbiennes inattendues. Il est maintenant formellement établi que la biosphère profonde héberge de nombreux représentants des domaines des Archaea et des Bacteria. Cependant,les micro-eucaryotes et plus particulièrement les champignons n’ont été que très peu étudiés dans ces écosystèmes singuliers. Dans ce contexte, des approches moléculaire et culturale ont été utilisées afin de caractériser la diversité des communautés fongiques des sédiments marins profonds en utilisant le bassin de Canterbury comme modèle d’étude. Les résultats principaux obtenus lors de ce travail de thèse sont les suivants : (i) L’approche moléculaire basée sur l’ADN a fourni la preuve directe que les communautés fongiques peuvent persister jusqu’à la profondeur record de 1740 mètres sous la surface du plancher océanique. (ii) Des approches complémentaires ciblant les ARNr et les ARNm ont permis de préciser leur activité métabolique et d’obtenir de premiers indices sur les fonctions de ces champignons à 350m sous la surface du plancher océanique, principalement liées à la croissance, à l’adaptation aux contraintes environnementales in situ et aux interactions entre communautés microbiennes. (iii) L’approche culturale a permis de constituer une collection de culture de 183 isolats fongiques avec des caractéristiques écophysiologiques témoignant leur capacité d’adaptation aux conditions in situ. (iv) Le potentiel biotechnologique des isolats obtenus a été estimé via la recherche de gènes impliqués dans la synthèse de métabolites secondaires et a permis de positionner cette collection d’organismes originaux comme une ressource d’intérêt biotechnologique potentiel. Ce travail qui témoigne de la persistance et de l’activité des communautés fongiques dans les sédiments marins profonds élargit notre vision de la diversité microbienne dans ces milieux et soulève des hypothèses sur le rôle écologique des champignons au sein de la biosphère profonde. / Over the past two decades, investigations on deep marine sediments have revealed the occurrenceand activity of unexpected microbial communities. Many representatives of Archaea and Bacteria were reportedbut micro-eukaryotes and especially fungal communities are still poorly studied in this ecosystem. In this underexplored context, molecular- and culture-based approaches were used to characterize the diversityof fungal communities in deep subsurface sediments using the Canterbury Basin as a model system. The main results of this work are: (i) The molecular DNA-based approach provided direct evidence that the fungal communities persist until the record depth of 1,740 meters below sea floor. (ii) Supplementary approaches targeting rRNA and mRNA revealed their metabolic activity and highlighted first hints into the fungal functions at350 meters below sea floor, mainly related to growth, adaptation to in situ environmental constraints andmicrobial interactions. (iii) The culture based approach allowed establishing a culture collection of 183 fungal isolates with ecophysiological characteristics indicating their ability to adapt to in situ conditions. (iv) This culture collection seems to represent a reservoir of secondary metabolites as many genes involved in secondary metabolites pathways were revealed. The fungal collection established may be considered as an untapped resource to explore for biotechnological applications. This work demonstrating the persistence and activity of fungal communities in deep subsurface sediments (i)broadens our view of microbial diversity in these environments and (ii) raises hypotheses about the ecologicalroles of fungi in the deep biosphere

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