Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:15:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_gs_me_botfca.pdf: 492372 bytes, checksum: 5b2e5476acc572a55f3a926f77258a88 (MD5) / Pertencente à família das Solanáceas, gênero Capsicum, o pimentão vem se destacando como uma das olerícolas mais consumidas no Brasil, tendo a sua produção ampliada nos últimos anos, em função da melhor adaptação em ambiente protegido comparado a outras culturas. Embora muito cultivado por pequenos e médios produtores brasileiros, o pimentão necessita de uso de tecnologia mais adequada nos aspectos relacionados ao manejo, adubação, variedades e tecnologia de irrigação para que sua exploração seja tecnicamente conduzida e economicamente viável, diante do exposto, este trabalho foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, SP com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de massa e alguns parâmetros bioquímicos na cultura do pimentão submetida à deficiência hídrica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições. A cultivar estudada foi a Melina. O manejo da irrigação foi realizado com base nas leituras dos tensiômetros, instalados no tratamento testemunha T1 correspondente a reposição de 100% da água no solo, sendo os demais tratamentos sob déficit hídrico, T2, T3 e T4, respectivamente com 85%, 70% e 55% da reposição da água perdida no solo. As análises de rendimento foram realizadas no final do experimento aos 92 dias após o transplantio, foi avaliado parâmetros de crescimento e produtividade. Para as análises bioquímicas, foram realizadas coletadas durante o ciclo com amostras das folhas para a determinação de proteína solúvel total, determinação da atividade das enzimas... / Belonging to the Solanaceae family, genus Capsicum, pepper has emerged as one of the most consumed vegetable crops in Brazil, with its increased production in recent years, due to better adaptation in protected compared to other cultures. Although much cultivated by small and medium Brazilian producers, chili needs using the most appropriate technology aspects related to the management, fertilization, varieties and irrigation technology for its exploitation is technically and economically feasible conducted before the above, this work was developed in the greenhouse, in the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - UNESP, Botucatu, SP in order to evaluate the production of biomass and some biochemical parameters in sweet pepper subjected to water stress. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications. The cultivar studied was Melina. Irrigation management was based on readings of tensiometers installed in the control treatment T1 for the replacement of 100% of the water in the soil, and the other under water deficit, T2, T3 and T4, respectively with 85%, 70% and 55% of replenishing water lost in the soil. The analyzes were performed at the income end of the experiment at 92 days after transplanting, was evaluated growth parameters and productivity. For biochemical analyzes were performed during the cycle collected samples of leaves for the determination of total soluble protein, determination of the activity of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutases (SOD) and free amino acid proline. Besides these, we sought to evaluate possible changes in nutrient levels leaves + stem and fruits. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 temoteo_as_dr_botfca.pdf: 1080395 bytes, checksum: af697e1f5d8f0fa69c0d419ec68872d0 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A cafeicultura expandiu-se para áreas consideradas pouco aptas ao seu desenvolvimento e o cafeeiro Conilon tem apresentado características de adaptações para tais áreas. Nessas áreas, a salinidade aliada à deficiência hídrica apresentam restrições para cultivos de certas espécies ou cultivar, interferindo no crescimento e desenvolvimento de culturas comerciais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar de forma comparativa os efeitos da salinidade aliada à disponibilidade hídrica do solo, em cultivares de café Conilon na fase inicial de crescimento, por meio de variáveis fisiológicas e nutricionais. O experimento foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido em área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCA- UNESP, Botucatu-SP, no delineamento estatístico de blocos casualizados com duas cultivares de Conilon (clones 120 e 14), quatro níveis de salinidade no solo (0,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 dS m-1) e dois teores de água no solo (50% e 70% da água disponível no solo - AD), com 4 repetições, totalizando 64 parcelas, com um vaso e uma planta. Aos 165 dias, as mudas foram transplantadas para vasos com capacidade de 10 litros, mantidas com teor de água no solo próximo a capacidade de campo por 15 dias. Atingindo os níveis... / Coffee production has expanded to areas considered unsuitable to its development. Conilon coffee plant has shown adaptation characteristics for such areas where salinity combined to water deficit restrict crops of certain species or cultivar, interfering in the growth and development of commercial crops. This study aimed to compare the effects of salinity and soil water availability on Conilon coffee cultivars in the initial phase of the development through physiological and nutritional variables. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment of an experimental area of the Department of Rural Engineering of FCA-UNESP, Botucatu-SP, in a random block statistical design with two Conilon cultivars (clones 120 and 14), four levels of soil salinity (0.0; 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 dS m-1) and two water contents in the soil (50% and 70% of available water in the soil – AW) and four replications, totalizing 64 plots with a vase and a plant. At 165 days, the seedlings were transferred to 10-liter vases, and the soil water content was kept almost at field capacity for 15 days. The vases were weighed daily, and water was replaced until pre-determined levels when they reached (50% and 70% of AW). Growth evaluations (leaf area, stem diameter and stem height) were done at (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 days), and 20 days after the differentiation of water treatments (DAT) in the soil, measurements were done. For relative water content and leaf water potential, (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 DAT) were taken into consideration. At the end of the experiment (180 DAT), the number of plagiotropic branches was counted; and at the time of the experiment, expanded leaves of the medial region were collected for the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-03. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:48:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000829572.pdf: 1457168 bytes, checksum: fd25389a306224a9eaa51f5617214b4b (MD5) / A cultura do eucalipto é de grande importância para o setor florestal brasileiro, constituindo-se numa excelente opção madeireira para diversos usos. Nos últimos anos, o cultivo do eucalipto tem-se expandido para regiões com altos índices de deficiência hídrica, impondo-se um novo desafio para melhoristas e silvicultores que é a recomendação de genótipos tolerantes à seca. Com isto, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar diferentes formas de imposição de deficiência hídrica em eucalipto, proporcionadas pela combinação de tipos de vasos e regimes de irrigação, buscando-se avançar nos métodos de fenotipagem em estudos de tolerância à seca. Para estudar as alterações fisiológicas, bioquímicas e no crescimento de mudas de clones de Eucalyptus submetidos a diferentes condições de disponibilidade hídrica, foram conduzidos três experimentos. No primeiro experimento em recipientes cilíndricos de PVC sob dois regimes de irrigação (R1 - irrigação em dias alternados e R2 - irrigação suspensa até o aparecimento de sintomas iniciais de murcha) e três híbridos de eucalipto (H1 e H2 - híbridos de Eucalyptus urophylla X E. tereticornis e H3 - hibrido de E. urophylla X E. brassiana) foram avaliadas as seguintes características: a) crescimento: altura, diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas, área foliar, matéria seca de folhas, de caule + ramos, de raízes, da parte aérea e total, relação raiz/parte aérea; b) fisiológicas: taxas de assimilação líquida, condutância estomática, transpiração, potencial hídrico, danos ao sistema de membranas, conteúdo relativo de água; c) bioquímicas: teores de açúcares redutores e açúcares solúveis totais em folhas e raízes. No segundo experimento acompanhou-se a sobrevivência de cinco clones de eucalipto, sendo quatro clones de hibridos de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla (G1, G2, G3 e G5) e um de E. urophylla (G4), após a suspensão da irrigação, em ... / The eucalyptus culture has great importance for the Brazilian forestry sector, being an excellent timber option for many purposes. Over recent years, the eucalyptus cultivation has expanded to regions with high levels of water deficit, imposing a new challenge for breeders and foresters that is recommendation of drought resistant genotypes. Thus, this work aim to evaluate the imposition of different ways of water stress on eucalypt, provided by types of pots and irrigation schemes combination, in order to advance in phenotyping methods in drought tolerance studies. Therefore, changes in Eucalyptus clones seeding physiological, biochemical and growth under different water availability conditions were studied. Three experiments were conducted: the first was conducted in cylindrical recipients of PVC under two irrigation regimes (R1 - alternate day and R2 - interruption of watering until visible wilting occurred) and three hybrids (H1 and H2 - Eucalyptus urophylla x E. tereticornis and H3 - hybrid E. urophylla x E. brassiana). Were evaluated in this experiment the following aspects: a) growth: height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass of leaves of stem + branches, root, aerial part, total and root/aerial part ratio; b) physiological: net assimilation rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration, water potential, membrane system damage, relative water content; c) biochemical: reducer and total soluble sugars content in leaves and roots. In the second experiment was monitored the survival of five clones of eucalypt (four hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla - C1, C2, C3 and C5) and one clone of E. urophylla (C4): after watering interruption, in different sizes pots (3,6 L, 8 L, 25 L and 100 L). The gas exchange was evaluated and the hybrids death time delay counted. The third experiment was performed in two sizes pots (8 and 25 L), two irrigation schemes (the same as in the first experiment - R1 and R2) and ...

Orientador: Rinaldo Cesar de Paula / Coorientador: Nádia Figueiredo de Paula / Banca: Gustavo Vitti Moro / Banca: Sérgio Valiengo Valeri / Banca: Miguel Luis Menezes de Freitas / Banca: Bruno Ettore Pavan / Resumo: A cultura do eucalipto é de grande importância para o setor florestal brasileiro, constituindo-se numa excelente opção madeireira para diversos usos. Nos últimos anos, o cultivo do eucalipto tem-se expandido para regiões com altos índices de deficiência hídrica, impondo-se um novo desafio para melhoristas e silvicultores que é a recomendação de genótipos tolerantes à seca. Com isto, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar diferentes formas de imposição de deficiência hídrica em eucalipto, proporcionadas pela combinação de tipos de vasos e regimes de irrigação, buscando-se avançar nos métodos de fenotipagem em estudos de tolerância à seca. Para estudar as alterações fisiológicas, bioquímicas e no crescimento de mudas de clones de Eucalyptus submetidos a diferentes condições de disponibilidade hídrica, foram conduzidos três experimentos. No primeiro experimento em recipientes cilíndricos de PVC sob dois regimes de irrigação (R1 - irrigação em dias alternados e R2 - irrigação suspensa até o aparecimento de sintomas iniciais de murcha) e três híbridos de eucalipto (H1 e H2 - híbridos de Eucalyptus urophylla X E. tereticornis e H3 - hibrido de E. urophylla X E. brassiana) foram avaliadas as seguintes características: a) crescimento: altura, diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas, área foliar, matéria seca de folhas, de caule + ramos, de raízes, da parte aérea e total, relação raiz/parte aérea; b) fisiológicas: taxas de assimilação líquida, condutância estomática, transpiração, potencial hídrico, danos ao sistema de membranas, conteúdo relativo de água; c) bioquímicas: teores de açúcares redutores e açúcares solúveis totais em folhas e raízes. No segundo experimento acompanhou-se a sobrevivência de cinco clones de eucalipto, sendo quatro clones de hibridos de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla (G1, G2, G3 e G5) e um de E. urophylla (G4), após a suspensão da irrigação, em ... / Abstract: The eucalyptus culture has great importance for the Brazilian forestry sector, being an excellent timber option for many purposes. Over recent years, the eucalyptus cultivation has expanded to regions with high levels of water deficit, imposing a new challenge for breeders and foresters that is recommendation of drought resistant genotypes. Thus, this work aim to evaluate the imposition of different ways of water stress on eucalypt, provided by types of pots and irrigation schemes combination, in order to advance in phenotyping methods in drought tolerance studies. Therefore, changes in Eucalyptus clones seeding physiological, biochemical and growth under different water availability conditions were studied. Three experiments were conducted: the first was conducted in cylindrical recipients of PVC under two irrigation regimes (R1 - alternate day and R2 - interruption of watering until visible wilting occurred) and three hybrids (H1 and H2 - Eucalyptus urophylla x E. tereticornis and H3 - hybrid E. urophylla x E. brassiana). Were evaluated in this experiment the following aspects: a) growth: height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass of leaves of stem + branches, root, aerial part, total and root/aerial part ratio; b) physiological: net assimilation rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration, water potential, membrane system damage, relative water content; c) biochemical: reducer and total soluble sugars content in leaves and roots. In the second experiment was monitored the survival of five clones of eucalypt (four hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla - C1, C2, C3 and C5) and one clone of E. urophylla (C4): after watering interruption, in different sizes pots (3,6 L, 8 L, 25 L and 100 L). The gas exchange was evaluated and the hybrids death time delay counted. The third experiment was performed in two sizes pots (8 and 25 L), two irrigation schemes (the same as in the first experiment - R1 and R2) and ... / Doutor

Orientador: Orientador: Antônio de Pádua Sousa / Coorientador: Fernando Broetto / Banca: Robero Lyra Villas Bôas / Banca: Marcelo Leonardo / Resumo: Pertencente à família das Solanáceas, gênero Capsicum, o pimentão vem se destacando como uma das olerícolas mais consumidas no Brasil, tendo a sua produção ampliada nos últimos anos, em função da melhor adaptação em ambiente protegido comparado a outras culturas. Embora muito cultivado por pequenos e médios produtores brasileiros, o pimentão necessita de uso de tecnologia mais adequada nos aspectos relacionados ao manejo, adubação, variedades e tecnologia de irrigação para que sua exploração seja tecnicamente conduzida e economicamente viável, diante do exposto, este trabalho foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, SP com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de massa e alguns parâmetros bioquímicos na cultura do pimentão submetida à deficiência hídrica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições. A cultivar estudada foi a Melina. O manejo da irrigação foi realizado com base nas leituras dos tensiômetros, instalados no tratamento testemunha T1 correspondente a reposição de 100% da água no solo, sendo os demais tratamentos sob déficit hídrico, T2, T3 e T4, respectivamente com 85%, 70% e 55% da reposição da água perdida no solo. As análises de rendimento foram realizadas no final do experimento aos 92 dias após o transplantio, foi avaliado parâmetros de crescimento e produtividade. Para as análises bioquímicas, foram realizadas coletadas durante o ciclo com amostras das folhas para a determinação de proteína solúvel total, determinação da atividade das enzimas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Belonging to the Solanaceae family, genus Capsicum, pepper has emerged as one of the most consumed vegetable crops in Brazil, with its increased production in recent years, due to better adaptation in protected compared to other cultures. Although much cultivated by small and medium Brazilian producers, chili needs using the most appropriate technology aspects related to the management, fertilization, varieties and irrigation technology for its exploitation is technically and economically feasible conducted before the above, this work was developed in the greenhouse, in the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - UNESP, Botucatu, SP in order to evaluate the production of biomass and some biochemical parameters in sweet pepper subjected to water stress. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications. The cultivar studied was Melina. Irrigation management was based on readings of tensiometers installed in the control treatment T1 for the replacement of 100% of the water in the soil, and the other under water deficit, T2, T3 and T4, respectively with 85%, 70% and 55% of replenishing water lost in the soil. The analyzes were performed at the income end of the experiment at 92 days after transplanting, was evaluated growth parameters and productivity. For biochemical analyzes were performed during the cycle collected samples of leaves for the determination of total soluble protein, determination of the activity of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutases (SOD) and free amino acid proline. Besides these, we sought to evaluate possible changes in nutrient levels leaves + stem and fruits. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Water shortage is the most important factor constraining agricultural production all over the world. New irrigation strategies must be established to use the limited water resources more efficiently. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications under the greenhouse condition at Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. In this study, the physiological responses of pepper plant affected by irrigation water were investigated. Irrigation treatments included control (full irrigation level, FI) and three deficit irrigation levels, 80, 60 and 40% of the plant’s water requirement called DI80, DI60, and DI40, respectively. A no plant cover treatment with three replications was also used to measure evaporation from the soil surface. Daily measurements of volumetric soil moisture (VSM) were made at each 10 cm intervals of the soil column, considered as a layer. The differences between the measured VSM and the VSM in the next day and evaporation rate at the soil surface at the same layer of the no plant cover treatment were calculated. Eventually, by considering the applied and collected water in each treatment, evapotranspiration (ETC) and root water uptake (RWU) in each layer per day were estimated. Furthermore, fruit number per plant, fresh fruit weight/day, root fresh/dry weight, shoot fresh/dry weight, root zone volume, root length and density, crop yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured under different water treatments. The results showed that the maximum and minimum of all the studied parameters were found in the FI and DI40 treatments, respectively. ETC in the DI80, DI60, and DI40 treatments were reduced by 14.2, 37.4, and 52.2%, respectively. Furthermore, applying 80, 60, and 40% of the plant’s water requirement led to crop yield reduction by 29.4, 52.7, and 69.5%, respectively. The averages of root water uptakes (ARWUs) in the DI80, DI60, and DI40 treatments reduced by 17.08, 48.72, and 68.25%, respectively. WUE and crop yield also showed no significant difference in the FI and DI80 treatments. Moreover, in the DI80 treatment the reduced rate of water uptake was less than the reduced rate of plant's applied water. According to these results, it can be concluded that 20% deficit irrigation had no significant reduction on the yield of pepper, but above this threshold, there was an adverse effect on the growth and yield. Therefore, for water management in the regions with limited water resources, plant's applied water can be decreased around 20%.

Orientador: Fernando Broetto / Banca: João Carlos Cury Saad / Banca: Marcelo Leonardo / Resumo: A deficiência hídrica (DH) constitui um dos graves problemas para agricultura resultando em perdas de produção. O entendimento do comportamento das culturas frente a esta condição se torna de grande importância para auxiliar no manejo. O feijoeiro é uma planta bastante sensível aos efeitos da deficiência hídrica, especialmente se a mesma for imposta nas fases reprodutivas, sendo observadas alterações principalmente de ordem morfológica, fisiológica, bioquímica, que culminam em redução na produção. A utilização de bioestimulantes tem se destacado por atuarem como promotores de crescimento vegetal e apresentar capacidade de atenuar os impactos da DH nas plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento morfológico, fisiológico, bioquímico e produtivo do feijoeiro submetido a deficiência hídrica no solo e o potencial de mitigação dessa condição pela inoculação de bioestimulantes a base de bactérias promotoras de crescimento, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BV 03 e a associação com extratos de algas Ascophyllum nodosum. O ensaio foi conduzido em estufa agrícola em Botucatu-SP com feijoeiro comum cv. IAC Imperador, disposto em esquema parcela subdivididas em blocos casualisados e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos nas parcelas foram as lâminas de irrigação (10 kPa - Controle e 40 kPa - DH moderada) e nas subparcelas os bioestimulantes via tratamento de sementes (B1- controle; B2- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BV; B3- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BV 03 + extrato de algas- Ascophyllum ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Water deficiency (WD) is one of the serious problems for agriculture, resulting in production losses. The understanding of the behavior of the crops in front of this condition becomes of great importance to assist in the handling. The bean is a plant very sensitive to the effects of water deficiency, especially if it is imposed in the reproductive phases, being observed changes mainly of morphological, physiological, biochemical, that culminate in reduction in the production. The use of biostimulant has been outstanding because they act as promoters of plant growth and have the ability to mitigate the impacts of water deficiency on plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphological, physiological, biochemical and productive behavior of common bean submitted to soil water deficiency and the potential of mitigation of this condition by the inoculation of biostimulants based on growth promoting bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BV 03 and the association with extracts of algae Ascophyllum nodosum. The experiment was conducted in an agricultural greenhouse in Botucatu-SP with common bean cv. IAC Imperador, arranged in plot scheme subdivided into randomized blocks and 4 repetitions. The treatments in the plots were applied to the irrigation levels (10 kPa - Control and 40 kPa - moderate WD) and in the subplots the biostimulants via seed treatment (B1- control; B2- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BV; B3- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BV 03 + extract of algae- Ascophyllum nodosum). The irrigation was by drip irrigation and soil moisture monitoring was done by tensiometry. The analyzed variables were stem diameter; number of leaves; leaf área; leaf dry biomass, stem dry biomass, root dry biomass and total dry biomass; length, diameter and root volume; relative water content (RWC); leaf pigment content; gas exchange; total soluble proteins; L-proline content and specific activity of the enzyme ... / Mestre

O Brasil é o segundo maior produtor mundial de Soja e as áreas de plantio se localizam em regiões com os mais diversos regimes pluviais. Esse trabalho estudou os efeitos do estresse hídrico na cultura da soja, causados pela falta de água e pelo excesso, ocorrendo tanto no ciclo total como individualmente nas fases mais importantes. O experimento foi conduzido no Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, da Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\" - ESALQ/USP, em Piracicaba - SP, no período de Dezembro de 2011 à Março de 2013, tendo sido realizadas duas safras de soja (Safra 2011/2012 e Safra 2012/2013). Foi utilizada a cobertura de uma casa de vegetação, equipada com 48 caixas com controle de drenagem, de 1,1 m de largura por 1,3 m de comprimento e 0,75 m de profundidade. A Evapotranspiração de Referência (ETo) foi calculada pelo método de Penman Montheith - FAO. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições. Para aplicação dos tratamentos o ciclo da cultura foi dividido em 4 subperíodos: S1(Desenvolvimento Vegetativo); S2 (Floração à Início da Frutificação); S3 (Completa Formação de Vagens à Formação da Produção); S4 (Maturação). Na Safra 2011/2012, a cultivar utilizada foi a EMBRAPA BRS 316-RR (V1). O plantio foi realizado em 12 Dezembro de 2011 e a colheita em 10 de Abril de 2012. Os tratamentos constaram de 3 lâminas de irrigação: Déficit (50% da ETc); Excesso (150% da ETc) e Irrigação Plena (100% da ETc) variando em 12 diferentes formas de ocorrência: Déficit no ciclo total, Déficit no S1, Déficit no S2, Déficit no S3, Déficit no S4, Excesso no ciclo total, Excesso no S1, Excesso no S2, Excesso no S3, Excesso no S4 e Irrigação Plena (IP). Quando não estavam passando pelo subperíodo de aplicação do tratamento, a parcela era irrigação com irrigação plena. O excesso não foi prejudicial para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. Já o déficit aplicado na fase de enchimento de grãos resultou em perdas significativas de produtividade. Já na safra 2012/2013, a cultivar de soja utilizada foi a BMX POTÊNCIA RR (V2). O plantio foi realizado em 06 de novembro de 2012 e a colheita em 08 de março de 2013. Nesse caso os tratamentos constaram de 4 lâminas de irrigação (30, 50, 100 e 150% da ETc) aplicadas em cada um dos 4 subperíodos da cultura. O déficit de 50% (moderado) foi chamado de D1 e o déficit de 70% (Severo) foi chamado de D2. Assim, os tratamentos com 50% de déficit ocorrendo nos 4 subperíodos e no Ciclo Total (CT) foram: D1S1V2, D1S2V2, D1S3V2, D1S4V2, D1CTV2. Da mesma forma os tratamentos com déficit de 70% foram chamados de: D2S1V2, D2S2V2, D2S3V2, D2S4V2 e D2CTV2. Houve ainda um tratamento com excesso (150% da ETc) chamado de E1CTV2 e o tratamento testemunha com irrigação plena (IPCTV2). Os resultados mostraram que as lâminas de déficit reduziram a produtividade quando aplicadas no ciclo todo. Porém, quando aplicadas somente em subperíodos, não apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação à irrigação plena. / Brazil is the second largest producer of soybean and its plantation areas are located in regions with very different rainfall patterns. Thus, this study aimed to study the effects of water stress in soybean, caused by lack of water and excess, occurring both in the total cycle as individually in the most important stages of the culture. The experiment was conducted in the Biosystems Engineering Department, \"Luiz de Queiroz\" College of Agriculture - ESALQ / USP, in Piracicaba - SP, in the period of December 2011 to March 2013, two crops of soybeans have been harvested (2011/2012 harvest and 2012/2013 harvest). Covering a greenhouse equipped with 48 boxes with controlled drainage, 1.1 m wide by 1.3 m long and 0.75 m deep was used. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was calculated by Penman Montheith - FAO. The experiment was done in randomized blocks design with 4 replications. For the application of the treatments, the crop cycle was divided into four sub-periods: S1 (All of Vegetative Stage); S2 (Beginning Bloom until Full Pod); S3 (Beginning Seed until Full Seed); S4 (Beginning Maturity until Full Maturity). In 2011/2012 harvest, the cultivar was BRS 316 EMBRAPA - RR (V1). The planting was done on December 12, 2011, and harvested in April 10, 2012. The treatments consisted of three irrigation levels, Deficit (50% ETc); Excess (150% ETc) and Full irrigation (100% ETc) ranging in 12 different forms of occurrence: Deficit in total cycle; Deficit only in S1; Deficit only in S2; Deficit only in S3; Deficit only in S4; Excess in total cycle; Excess only in S1; Excess only in S2, Excess only in S3; Excess only in S4 and Full Irrigation. When they were not passing through the sub period of application of the treatment, the plot was irrigation with full irrigation. Excess was not detrimental to any of the variant. However the deficit applied during grain filling resulted in significant productivity losses. As for the 2012/2013 harvest, the soybean variety used was BMX POTEMCIA RR (V2). The planting was done in November 6, 2012, and the harvest in March, 8, 2013. In this case the treatments consisted of four irrigation levels (30, 50, 100 and 150% of ETc) applied in each one of the four sub-periods of culture. The deficit of 50% (moderate) was called D1 and the deficit of 70% (Severe) was called D2. Thus, treatments with 50% deficit occurring in 4 subperiods and Full Cycle (CT) were: D1S1V2, D1S2V2, D1S3V2, D1S4V2, D1CTV2. Likewise, the treatments with 70% deficit were called: D2S1V2, D2S2V2, D2S3V2, D2S4V2 and D2CTV2. There was also a treatment with excess (150% ETc) called E1CTV2 and control treatment with Full irrigation (IPCTV2). The results showed that the water depths of Deficit reduced productivity when applied in full cycle. However, when applied only in subperiods showed no significant differences compared to full irrigation.

Master of Science / Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources / Dale J. Bremer / Recent advances in small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) may provide rapid and accurate methods for turf research and management. The study was to evaluate early drought detection ability of ultra-high resolution remote sensing with sUAS technology, and compare it with traditional techniques on fairway-height ‘Declaration’ creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) treated from severe deficit to well-watered irrigation (15, 30, 50, 65, 80, and 100% evapotranspiration replacement). Airborne measurements with a modified digital camera mounted on a hexacopter included reflectance from broad bands (near infrared [NIR, 680-780 nm], and green and blue bands [overlapped, 400-580 nm]), from which eight vegetation indices (VIs) were derived for evaluation. Canopy temperature was measured only in the final year with a thermal infrared camera mounted on a drone. Traditional measurements were volumetric water content (VWC), visual quality (VQ), percentage green cover (PGC), and VIs from handheld devices. Declines in VWC in irrigation-deficit treatments were consistently detected by the NIR band and six VIs from sUAS, and NDVI and red band from a handheld device, before drought stress was evident in VQ. These bands and indices predicted drought stress at least one week before symptoms appeared in VQ. Canopy temperature predicted drought stress as early as the best VIs and NIR, 16 days before symptoms appeared in VQ in 2017. Only the NIR and GreenBlue VI [(green-blue)/(green+blue)] consistently predicted drought stress throughout three years. Results indicate using ultra-high resolution remote sensing with sUAS can detect drought stress before it is visible to the human eye and may prove viable for irrigation management on turfgrass.

Orientador: Fernando Broetto / Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Banca: Marcelo Leonardo / Banca: William Fernando Zambuzzi / Banca: Magali Ribeiro da Silva / Resumo: O pimentão é uma cultura de grande interesse agrícola e econômico para o Brasil. Como hortaliça, demanda práticas de irrigação, para garantir a produção e qualidade de frutos. Devido à dependência direta da água para seu manejo, este recurso pode ser fator limitante para o desenvolvimento da cultura. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as diferenças na morfologia e fisiologia em plantas de pimentão, submetidas a diferentes lâminas de irrigação nas estações inverno e verão. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos de 22 Kg de solo, utilizando o sistema de irrigação por gotejamento. O desenho experimental foi organizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com três tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram divididos em controle (C; Ψm do solo= 10 a 15 KPa); Deficiência Hídrica Moderada (DHM; Ψm do solo= 34- 40 KPa) e Deficiência Hídrica Severa (DHS; Ψm do solo= 54 a 60 KPa). As plantas se mantiveram sem restrição hídrica até os 50 dias após transplantio (DAT). Foram realizadas quatro avaliações aos 50, 65, 80 e 95 DAT em que as plantas foram coletadas e separadas para avaliar o potencial hídrico foliar (ψhf), conteúdo relativo de água, perda de eletrólitos, biometria, avaliação nutricional da folha, variáveis fisiológicas, discriminação isotópica do δ13C e δ15N e análises bioquímicas. Finalmente coletou-se frutos para determinação da produtividade. A deficiência hídrica (DH) provocou redução no potencial hídrico foliar, ocasionando diminuição... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Bell pepper is a crop of great agricultural and economic interest to Brazil. As a vegetable, it demands irrigation practices, to guarantee the production and quality of fruits. Due to the direct dependence of water for its management, this resource can be a limiting factor for the development of the crop. In this context, this study had as objective to evaluate the differences in morphology and physiology in Bell pepper plants, submitted to different irrigation depths in winter and summer seasons. The plants were cultivated in pots of 22 kg of soil, using the drip irrigation system. The experimental design was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and five replicates. The treatments were divided in control (C; Ψm of soil = 10 to 15 KPa); Moderate Water Deficiency (MWD; Ψm of soil = 34-40 KPa) and Severe Water Deficiency (SWD; Ψm of soil = 54 to 60 KPa). The plants were maintained without water restriction until 50 days after transplanting (DAT). Four evaluations were performed at 50, 65, 80 and 95 DAT in which the plants were collected and separated to evaluate leaf water potential (ψlw), relative water content, electrolyte loss, biometry, leaf nutrient evaluation, physiological variables, isotopic discrimination of δ13C and δ15N and biochemical analyzes. Fruits were finally collected for yield determination. The water deficit (WD) caused a reduction in the leaf water potential, causing a general decrease of the evaluated parameters, which resulted in considerable losses in the fruit production. However, the SWD treatment caused more marked damages in the growth and productivity of the Bell pepper crop. The results confirmed the hypothesis of water dependence on the growth and productivity of the pepper crop in a protected environment. / Doutor