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The Introduction of a new lateral cephalometric method and its potential application in open bite deformitiesMohamed, Dawjee Salahuddien 29 May 2010 (has links)
Thesis (PhD(Dentistry))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010 / Open bite deformity is a dentofacial anomaly characterised by a space
between the upper and lower teeth when the jaws are brought together.
When the posterior teeth are in contact and there is separation between the
upper and lower incisal edges, the condition is referred to as an anterior open
bite (AOB). Anterior open bite occurs more commonly among the Black
African race groups, and unless recognised and intercepted early in life,
treatment of the condition can become complicated, extended and expensive.
Some of the aetiological factors cited in the development of the condition
include, an unfavourable growth pattern, finger sucking habits, enlarged
tonsillar lymphoid tissue, abnormal tongue and orofacial muscular activity
and hereditary factors.
Morphologically AOB can involve only the dentoalveolar regions of the
craniofacial anatomy, in which case the AOB is said to be a dental AOB; it
may be the result of a disproportion between the jaws and is then referred to
as a skeletal AOB, or it may be a mixture of the two. The aetiology and
structural components of AOB would largely determine the mode of
treatment, which can be orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery or a
combination of the two.
Previous studies into the prevalence of AOB in South Africa have reported it
to be as high as 27%. Since a major percentage of the patients seen at the
School of Dentistry of the University of Limpopo are of the South African
Black race group it became relevant to investigate the prevalence of AOB at
this institution and to develop a fresh assessment method with standardised
values for this population sample.
A retrospective study was therefore undertaken among patients visiting the
School of Dentistry of the University of Limpopo to determine the
prevalence of AOB over a 15-year time period from 1992 to 2006. All
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patients with an AOB were documented with regard to age, gender, severity
and aetiology. The criteria for determining open bite was a measure of at
least 1 mm vertical separation between the incisal edges of the upper and
lower incisors when the posterior teeth are in occlusion, as determined from
the lateral cephalograms and confirmed by the study models.
A review of the literature pertaining to craniofacial growth, the aetiology,
pathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment of AOB is also presented as
well as investigative techniques for the assessment of AOB. A revised lateral
cephalometric assessment method proposed as the Dawjee Analysis was
designed and developed and is introduced. It consists of 12 measurements of
which nine have never been previously mentioned in the literature and are
being defined and described for the first time in this proposed analysis.
These parameters are measured against existing and tested anatomical
landmarks and planes, combined with the introduction of one new landmark
and seven new measuring planes that have not been cited or described in
other established analyses. These landmarks, planes and measurement
parameters of the analysis are presented and its utility is described. A case
study of a patient with AOB is included with an assessment of pre-treatment
and post-treatment changes using this analysis.
In order to establish standardised values for this population sample, the
proposed Dawjee analysis was applied to a control group consisting of 50
adult male and 50 adult female subjects whose cephalometric analysis
conformed to the standardised values for this race group.
The analysis was also applied to an AOB sample from the retrospective
study consisting of 46 male and 59 female cephalograms. Based on the
amount of incisor separation this group was divided into mild, moderate and
severe AOB. All subjects in both the AOB and control samples were in their
permanent dentition stage, having their first permanent molars in a Class I
relation.
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In testing the validity of the proposed Dawjee Analysis, 20 cephalograms
from the control group and 20 from the AOB group were also evaluated
using other established cephalometric methods and the results thereof were
compared to the findings of the proposed Dawjee Analysis
From the 15-year retrospective investigation this study found the prevalence
of AOB to be 9.67% with the male to female ratio of 46:54. The condition
appears to be more common before the age of 13 years than after 13 years
with a ratio of 68:32. The aetiology of the AOB in order of rank was found
to be thumb or finger sucking, hereditary, nasal obstruction and unknown
causes. Over the 15-year period the number of AOB patients attending the
Orthodontic Department, School of Dentistry of the University of Limpopo,
decreased from 16% to 8%. While this could be due to the realization that
the principal cause (thumb or finger sucking) carries a social stigma, a
concerted effort must be made to educate communities so that this
detrimental habit can be minimised and eradicated.
Standardised values for the proposed Dawjee Analysis are presented and
potential flaws are outlined. When comparisons are drawn between the
control and AOB group it was found that the latter differs from the control
sample in 8 of the 12 of the parameters, namely:
1. Incisor separation
2. Anterior cranial base inclination
3. Posterior maxillary position
4. Posterior mandibular position
5. Interalveolar angle
6. Point B position
7. Apex of the maxillary triangle
8. Apex of the mandibular triangle
The null hypothesis, which states there are no difference in the
cephalometric values of the proposed Dawjee Analysis between AOB
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subjects and a control group for this population sample, was therefore
rejected.
These morphological differences were supported by the findings of other
established analysis that were tested on the AOB and control groups. The
difference of the proposed Dawjee Analysis from other cephalometric
methods lies in its capability to identify and separate the skeletal from the
dental components of an AOB for this study sample.
Diagnosis involves a comparison to population standards and the aim of
cephalometrics is to describe the standardised morphology of a population.
To this end standardised values for the proposed Dawjee Analysis in a South
African Black population sample have been determined which focuses on
identifying the morphological basis of an AOB.
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Statistical methods of detecting vertebral fracturesLunt, Mark January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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Induced abnormal bone growth with particular reference to the growth plateDuff, Stuart Roderick Iain January 1979 (has links)
No description available.
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Postural deformities in children: A reviewStroebel, S, De Ridder, JH, Wilders, CJ 30 June 2009 (has links)
ABSTRACT
Postural deformities are a commonly encountered
problem among children. Most of the aches and
pains of adults are the result, not of injuries, but of
the long-term effects of distortions in posture or
alignment that have their origins in childhood or
adolescence. Television, video entertainment,
motorized transportation, fast food and lack of
regular physical activity contribute to the poor
physical condition of children. Childhood obesity
has increased dramatically in the past decade.
Countries in economic transition from
underdeveloped to developed, such as South Africa,
are particularly affected and have an increasing
prevalence of obesity across all economic levels and
age groups. In a developing country like South
Africa, where overweight/obesity co-exists with
undernutrition, there is an urgent need to prevent
unhealthy trends in diet and physical activity.
School screening is mandatory in schools in 26
states of the United States (US) for children between
10 and 16 years of age. Previous studies conducted
in the US found that 160 out of 1000 people suffer
from scoliosis (Boachie-Adjei & Lonner, 1996).
This means that scoliosis is as prevalent as
hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Identification of
postural deformities at an early stage makes early
treatment possible, which may, in future, prevent
serious postural abnormalities. The aim of this
review article is to define the concept of good
posture, analyze normal postural development and
postural deformities, and discuss some of the
developmental factors affecting posture.
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Polydactyly in British Columbia, 1964-1967Jones, Daryl Christine January 1971 (has links)
The British Columbia [B.C.] Polydactyly study was designed to investigate the occurrence of Polydactyly in the B.C. population. Polydactylous infants born in the province in the years 1964 - 1967 were ascertained principally through the Registry for Handicapped Children and Adults; additional cases were found-through disease indexes of B.C. hospitals and through referrals from medical personnel. Data on the probands were obtained by family interviews and review of various medical records. Information compiled for a case included: sex of proband, racial background, parental age, parity of mother, notes on the pregnancy, description of accessory digits, genetic family history, and nature of additional congenital anomalies when rpresent.
Incidence of Polydactyly in B.C. for 1964 - 1967 was 1.02 per 1,000 live births. This figure includes patients with multiple congenital anomalies. Of the four years covered by the study, 1966 had the highest incidence (1.35), a year in which a seemingly disproportionate number of ulnar cases occurred. Ninety-five males and 43 females, a sex ratio of approximately 2:1, presented the following types of duplication: radial (31), tibial (6), ulnar (54), fibular (24) and ulnar and fibular (16). It is proposed that cases with both ulnar and fibular accessory digits and cases with ulnar or fibular accessory digits in whose family both ulnar and fibular duplication occur present ulnar-fibular type Polydactyly. Based on cases unassociated with multiple congenital anomalies, specific types of Polydactyly had the following incidences: radial 0.20; tibial, 0.04; polysyndactyly, 0.01; ulnar, 0.32; fibular, 0.16; and ulnar-fibular, 0.09.
Genetic histories indicate in 32 families out of 138 there is another individual with Polydactyly. For specific types of Polydactyly the following proportion of cases without multiple congenital anomalies had a positive family history: radial, 5 - 19 %; tibial, 0 %; ulnar, 29 %• fibular, 25 and ulnar-fibular, 73 f°~ Polygenic inheritance of ulnar and of fibular types of Polydactyly is suggested by the finding that the percentage of affected sibs is greater when there is a history of Polydactyly in previous generations (approximately 6.6 %) than for probands with a negative history (1.2 %). The number of affected sibs of the probands (3/107) is in agreement with the number which would be expected for a polygenic trait. Data for ulnar-fibular Polydactyly is more compatible with dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance among females. Fifty percent of the offspring of polydactylous males were affected; a smaller percentage of the children of affected mothers were polydactylous (27.7 %). Nonpenetrance of the Polydactyly gene(s) would seem to be fairly common among females since unaffected mothers are known to pass the trait to their children whereas such an occurrence is unknown for males. . Among ulnar-fibular cases with no history of accessory digits in previous generations, 17.4 % of the sibs were polydactylous.
Major congenital anomaly was noted in 33 probands and occurs approximately 3½ times more frequently among the polydactylous infants than the general population.
Multiple major anomalies are approximately 25 times more frequent. A polydactylous child found to have one major malformation is twice as likely to have additional major anomalies than a child with one major anomaly who has the normal number of digits. Multiple congenital anomalies were most commonly seen with ulnar-fibular Polydactyly. This may reflect the fact that ulnar-fibular duplication is the type most commonly seen as a feature of various syndromes.
In addition to the B.C. findings, literature on Polydactyly has been reviewed. Included are: data on the incidence of Polydactyly in other populations,
description of different types of duplication, hypotheses regarding the inheritance of accessory digits, tabulation of the types of Polydactyly seen in various syndromes, and discussion of the morphogenesis of accessory digits in relation to limb embryogenesis. / Medicine, Faculty of / Medical Genetics, Department of / Graduate
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The relationship between self concept and hand deformity in rheumatoid arthritisKinnealey, Moya January 1968 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01
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Anatomical studies on bovine syndactylismAdrian, Rudolf Werner. January 1961 (has links)
Call number: LD2668 .T4 1961 A37
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The prevalence of posture deformities among black African children in selected schools in the North West Province / Isabeau van BiljonVan Biljon, Isabeau January 2007 (has links)
It is well establish that posture deformities are a common problem among
children that is often ignored by parent and teachers. Posture deformities in
children could be related to their socio-economic status, lifestyle, culture,
tradition, environmental factors, as well as activity levels and are associated
with numerous adverse health effects, which include lung and heart defects,
indigestion and back pain. Children who experience back pain are at
increased risk of having back pain as adults. The economic impact of back
pain affects the industry, were back problems are the most expensive type of
injury claim. The increase in spinal problems, such as lower back pain in
children and adolescents, points to the need for continued screening. It is
suggested that early detection of postural deviation could provide an improve
chance for corrective remedies and posture development.
On investigating the relevant literature it becomes clear that attempts to define
the prevalence of posture deformities among children have focused on
reporting selected deformities only. Consequently the literature contains
insufficient information on posture deformities involving the entire
musculoskeletal system, as well as the prevalence of posture deformities
among black African people.
The purpose of this study was firstly to determine the incidence of posture
deviations among black African children in the North West Province and
secondly to determine the difference in the prevalence of posture deformities
between boys and girls. In a longitudinal study posture deformities including
the entire musculoskeletal system were assessed in 251 schoolchildren (136
girls and 115 boys). Posture screening was done according to the New York
Posture test and a posture grid. Subjects were evaluated in a standing
position from the rear and lateral side. Foot deformities (flat foot) were also
measured with the use of white chalk and a black board. Thereafter the
"Adam's test" (forward bending test) were used for further scoliosis evaluation.
The prevalence of posture deformities was reported to be high among black
African schoolchildren. The incidence of lordosis (84%) and protruding
abdomen (67%) was the highest, while twisted head (8%) was reported as the
lowest. Gender difference in the prevalence of posture deformities was also
found, with a higher incidence of posture deformities reported in girls (54%) as
in boys (46%). / Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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The prevalence of posture deformities among black African children in selected schools in the North West Province / Isabeau van BiljonVan Biljon, Isabeau January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Correlation of mechanical behavior of endopelvic fascia versus variables in aquisition of specimensJones, Kenneth Ray 12 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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