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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Filogeografia de anf?bios da diagonal de ?reas abertas da Am?rica do Sul

S?o Pedro, Vin?cius de Avelar 29 May 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-09T23:31:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ViniciusDeAvelarSaoPedro_TESE.pdf: 3540659 bytes, checksum: 67811bd281acabb110f34e4ceae516ae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-10T00:07:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ViniciusDeAvelarSaoPedro_TESE.pdf: 3540659 bytes, checksum: 67811bd281acabb110f34e4ceae516ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-10T00:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ViniciusDeAvelarSaoPedro_TESE.pdf: 3540659 bytes, checksum: 67811bd281acabb110f34e4ceae516ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A diagonal de ?reas abertas, ou ?diagonal seca?, ? uma regi?o de grande riqueza de esp?cies e reconhecida import?ncia biogeogr?fica na Am?rica do Sul. Formada por Caatinga, Cerrado e Chaco, sua diversidade ainda est? subestimada e pouco se conhece acerca dos processos que deram origem ? sua biota. Para investigar a import?ncia de eventos geol?gicos e clim?ticos nos processos de diversifica??o, foi realizada uma abordagem gen?tica multilocus de ampla abrang?ncia geogr?fica em dois grupos de anf?bios (Dermatonotus muelleri e Phyllomedusa grupo hypochondrialis). Os dados moleculares foram interpretados ? luz da teoria da coalesc?ncia e infer?ncia bayesiana. T?cnicas como rede de hapl?tipos, reconstru??o filogeogr?fica, modelagem de nicho, testes de migra??o e ABC foram utilizadas como an?lises complementares. Foram reconhecidas duas linhagens distintas em Dermatonotus, que se diferenciaram durante eventos orog?nicos do Mioceno/Plioceno. A influ?ncia das varia??es clim?ticas do Pleistoceno se limitaram a mudan?as no tamanho populacional de uma das linhagens. Em Phyllomedusa, foram identificadas ao menos quatro linhagens geograficamente estruturadas. Uma complexa hist?ria de diversifica??o explica o surgimento dessas linhagens, come?ando por especia??o alop?trica durante o Ne?geno, envolvendo o soerguimento do Planalto Central e oscila??es na vaz?o do Rio S?o Francisco, at? os eventos de expans?o e retra??o dos biomas durante o Pleistoceno. Os resultados do presente estudo colaboram com a taxonomia dos g?neros Dermatonotus e Phyllomedusa e, sobretudo, contribuem com a compreens?o dos processos de diversifica??o nos biomas abertos da Am?rica do Sul. / The ?dry diagonal? is a very diverse and biogeographically important region in South America. However, its diversity is still underestimated and little is known about the processes that originated its biota. To investigate the relevance of geological and climatic events in the diversification processes, we conducted a multilocus range-wide approach for Dermatonotus muelleri, a fossorial frog endemic to the dry diagonal. We found two geographically structured lineages, well defined in both mitochondrial (NAD2) and nuclear (POMC and TMEM) genes. The estimates of lineage divergence, between the Miocene and Pliocene, corroborate the idea that Neogene orogeny events were crucial for the main diversification events in the dry diagonal. The influence of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations appears restricted to population size changes of one of the lineages. A great genetic divergence and distinctive ecological niches between lineages suggest the existence of a cryptic non-described species. Partially contrasting with previous works, our results reinforce the need for additional phylogeographic studies approaching other taxa as the only way to better understand the biogeographic history in the dry diagonal.
2

Prospec??o da biodiversidade cr?ptica e padr?es biogeogr?ficos em peixes do litoral e ilhas oce?nicas do Atl?ntico Ocidental

Souza, Allyson Santos de 30 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-13T20:31:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AllysonSantosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 3764109 bytes, checksum: 3586d800817b7e154772241a2ea2d533 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-19T15:05:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AllysonSantosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 3764109 bytes, checksum: 3586d800817b7e154772241a2ea2d533 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-19T15:05:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AllysonSantosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 3764109 bytes, checksum: 3586d800817b7e154772241a2ea2d533 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O extenso litoral brasileiro ? multipartido em diferentes ecossistemas, compostos por estu?rios, manguezais, sistemas recifais, ilhas costeiras e oce?nicas. Estes ambientes possuem uma ictiofauna bastante diversificada composta por 1.297 esp?cies, das quais aproximadamente 25% representam esp?cies end?micas. Esses n?veis de biodiversidade podem ser incertos, devido a ocorr?ncia de esp?cies cr?pticas e polit?picas e pela aus?ncia de estudos populacionais, sobretudo em esp?cies recifais. Neste sentido, foram analisados aspectos populacionais, taxon?micos e filogen?ticos de esp?cies das fam?lias Pomacentridae (Perciformes) e Carangidae (Carangiformes), distribu?dos ao longo da costa e ilhas oce?nicas brasileiras. As an?lises moleculares e morfom?tricas realizadas em S. variabilis, S. fuscus, S. rocasensis, S. sanctipauli e S. fuscus trindadensis indicaram sinon?mia entre S. rocasensis e S. sanctipauli, e entre S. fuscus e S. fuscus trindadensis. Al?m disso, revelaram a presen?a de uma poss?vel esp?cie cr?ptica que tem sido confundida com S. variabilis. As an?lises populacionais em Abudefduf saxatilis no Atl?ntico Ocidental, incluindo as ilhas oce?nicas, revelam um quadro de panmixia desde a Venezuela at? o sudeste do Brasil, enquanto que as popula??es insulares possuem diferentes n?veis de estrutura??o gen?tica, sobretudo a da Ilha de Trindade. As an?lises gen?ticas na esp?cie polit?pica Caranx lugubris indicaram uma grande popula??o panm?tica no Atl?ntico Ocidental, lan?ando novos dados sobre a origem dos morf?tipos que ocorrem no entorno do Arquip?lago de S?o Pedro e S?o Paulo. Os dados obtidos aprofundam o conhecimento da fauna ?ctica insular do Atl?ntico e servem de subs?dios para o manejo e conserva??o de esp?cies dessas importantes e particulares regi?es oce?nicas. / The extensive Brazilian coast is multi-party in different ecosystems, composed by estuaries, mangroves, reef systems, oceanic and coastal islands. These environments detain a largely diversified ichthyofauna composed by 1,297 species, in which 25% represents endemic species. These levels of biodiversity can be uncertain, because of the occurrence of cryptic and polytypic species and the absence of population studies, especially in reef species. In this sense, population, taxonomical and phylogenetical aspects were analyzed form species of the Pomacentridae (Perciformes) and Carangidae (Carangiformes) families, along the coast and oceanic islands of Brazil. The molecular and morphometric analyzes were performed in S. variabilis, S. fuscus, S. rocasensis, S. sanctipauli and S. fuscus trindadensis indicated synonym among S. rocasensis and S. sanctipauli, and between S. fuscus and S. fuscus trindadensis. Besides that, revealed the presence of a possible cryptic species which has been confused with S. variabilis. The population analyzes in Abudefduf saxatilis at the Western Atlantic, including the oceanic islands, reveals a status of panmixia from Venezuela to the Southeast of Brazil, while the island populations have different levels of genetic structuration, specially the population of the Trindade island. The genetic analyzes in the polytypic species Caranx lugubris indicated a large panmitic population in the Western Atlantic, revealing new data about the origins of the morphotypes that occurs in the surroundings of the Saint Paul Rocks archipelago. The data obtained expands the knowledge over the insular ichthyic fauna of the Atlantic and serves as subsidy to the conservation and management of species of these particular and important oceanic regions.

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