Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T17:13:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-04. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-07-27T17:16:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000890733.pdf: 378910 bytes, checksum: a3fb3185e38679bf1e9734ba9ae4dfc3 (MD5) / Este estudo objetiva um exame mais detalhado da evolução da relação entre o tamanho das cidades brasileiras e sua distribuição populacional no período de 1920 a 2000. Para isso, utilizaremos dois tipos de métodos, um estático - que envolve um indicador de convergência baseado na Lei de Zipf - e outro dinâmico, que mostra, através de uma cadeia de Markov, movimentos nas posições relativas das cidades dentro da distribuição por tamanhos. Nas duas análises, verificamos uma persistente concentração populacional em um número pequeno de áreas. Os efeitos espaciais, considerados em ambas as análises, mostraram ter importante influência nos resultados obtidos. / This study aims a more detailed examination on the evolution of the relationship between Brazilian cities size and their population distribution in the period from 1920 to 2000. For this purpose, two type of methods are performed. A static one - which involves the estimation of convergence indicator given by the Zipf's Law - and a dynamic one - which shows, by means of a Markov chain, movements in cities relative positions within the distribution of their sizes. In both analyses, there is a persistent concentration of people residing in a small number of areas, growing at a greater rate than smaller ones. Spatial effects, considered in the estimation of both analyses, is clearly an important influence on the results.

This thesis examines the phenomenon of Chechen population growth in the context of the protracted Russo-Chechen conflict. It argues that the conflict was the main causative reason for the growth of the Chechen population. This hypothesis was confirmed by fieldwork, which allowed for the detection of a positive correlation between the nation's demographic growth and the perception of the own physical existence as endangered. The results of fieldwork demonstrated that the majority of the informants connected high Chechen birth rates with the necessity of physical survival, restoration of losses, and strengthening the nation numerically. The threat to Chechen ethnic identity did not show as strong correlation with demographic growth as did the threat to physical existence. Nevertheless, Chechen ethnic identity, which favours resistance to a foreign rule, was confirmed to be the crucial variable in determining the demographic dynamics of the nation. This in turn suggested an additional correlation: in the context of an existential threat salient ethnic identity would prompt a population growth. The latter, in such cases, is considered as a way of continuing the resistance in a non-violent way. The restoration of the losses experienced and the survival of the nation is seen as a victory and at the same time as a preparation for the next outbreak of violence. With all of this in mind, this thesis suggests considering Chechen demographic growth as the reaction (which itself was determined by ethnic identity) to the existential threat imposed by Russia.

Orientador: Alexandre Sartoris Neto / Banca: André Luiz Correa / Banca: André Luiz Squarize Chagas / Resumo: Este estudo objetiva um exame mais detalhado da evolução da relação entre o tamanho das cidades brasileiras e sua distribuição populacional no período de 1920 a 2000. Para isso, utilizaremos dois tipos de métodos, um estático - que envolve um indicador de convergência baseado na Lei de Zipf - e outro dinâmico, que mostra, através de uma cadeia de Markov, movimentos nas posições relativas das cidades dentro da distribuição por tamanhos. Nas duas análises, verificamos uma persistente concentração populacional em um número pequeno de áreas. Os efeitos espaciais, considerados em ambas as análises, mostraram ter importante influência nos resultados obtidos. / Abstract: This study aims a more detailed examination on the evolution of the relationship between Brazilian cities size and their population distribution in the period from 1920 to 2000. For this purpose, two type of methods are performed. A static one - which involves the estimation of convergence indicator given by the Zipf's Law - and a dynamic one - which shows, by means of a Markov chain, movements in cities relative positions within the distribution of their sizes. In both analyses, there is a persistent concentration of people residing in a small number of areas, growing at a greater rate than smaller ones. Spatial effects, considered in the estimation of both analyses, is clearly an important influence on the results. / Mestre

Le renouvellement urbain est une notion polysémique, ambigüe voire mouvante en fonction des contextes politiques dans lesquels elle est utilisée. Les politiques de renouvellement urbain supposent d’identifier les mécanismes envisagés sur les espaces urbains et comprendre leur genèse. Pour ce faire, la politique américaine d'Urban Renewal et plusieurs expériences européennes aident à comprendre le positionnement du renouvellement urbain français qui oscille entre une volonté curative de traiter les quartiers aux difficultés socio-économiques, et prospective en s'intégrant à un projet plus global, métropolitain, d’attractivité de nouveaux habitants. La thèse suppose que le renouvellement urbain est inscrit spatialement et prend forme dans les villes-centres et les banlieues à l’aide d’une analyse de la croissance démographique des aires urbaines françaises. On examine comment cette dualité du renouvellement urbain (stratégies prospectives et curatives) s'applique aux politiques françaises de rénovation urbaine à l’aide du PNRU (Programme National de Rénovation Urbaine). Cette étude révèle l’action différenciée du programme en fonction des espaces analysés, notamment au prisme de la croissance, de la résurgence et du déclin des villes françaises. La grille de lecture économique du renouvellement urbain permet d'identifier une dualité de mécanismes liée aux marchés et aux externalités / The term “urban renewal” is polysemic and ambiguous, ever-changing depending on the political context in which it is being used. Policies of urban renewal require to have identified the mechanisms applied to urban spaces and to have understood their genesis. In order to do so, the American policy of urban renewal alongside several European experiments help to understand the positioning of the French urban renewal, a policy which oscillates between a curative effort towards neighborhoods faced with socioeconomic difficulties and a prospective strategy encompassed within a comprehensive, metropolitan project aimed at attracting new residents. This thesis builds on an analysis of the demographic growth of French urban areas to posit that urban renewal is spatially defined shaped in core cities and suburbs. It examines how the duality of urban renewal (both prospective and curative strategies) applies to French policies of urban renewal supported by the “PNRU” (National Program of Urban Renewal). The study reveals the differentiated actions of the program depending on the spaces analyzed through the lens of growth, resurgence and decline of French cities. The economic analytical framework of urban renewal reveals dual mechanisms linked to markets and externalities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:50:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDREIA APARECIDA SILVA DE PADUA.pdf: 1426662 bytes, checksum: 98b0398a8222d10a9d24b9e395c52a76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-08 / The present research has the purpose of analyzing the demographic growth of Goias, also approaching the growth of the State economy. It testifies that the Gross Domestic Product, in the last decades, has grown at rates higher than the national average. At the same time, it verifies that the population migration continues in an accelerated rhythm towards the territory of Goias. When the study makes a parallel between the economic growth and the demographic growth, the research concludes that the economic expansion has not been sufficient to expand the regional economically active population. While developing the research, methods of procedure called historical and comparative were used and the modality of research adopted was the bibliographic. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o crescimento demográfico de Goiás, abordando juntamente o crescimento da economia de Estado. Constata que o Produto Interno Bruto, nas últimas décadas, tem crescido a taxas superiores a média nacional. Ao mesmo tempo, verifica que a migração populacional continua acelerada para o território goiano. Ao fazer um paralelo entre crescimento econômico e crescimento demográfico, a pesquisa conclui que a expansão econômica não tem sido suficiente à expansão da população economicamente ativa regional. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foram utilizados os métodos de procedimento denominados histórico e comparativo e a modalidade da pesquisa adotada foi a bibliográfica.

Orientador: Rosana Aparecida Baeninger / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T23:16:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cescon_FlaviaRodriguesPrates_M.pdf: 3665748 bytes, checksum: b23dc918c1dddabf35b86f7ff2b0e0f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta dissertação pretende analisar o crescimento da população em pequenos municípios do Oeste paulista, em função de uma migração de contornos específicos: composta, em sua maioria, por indivíduos em regime de detenção. Essa migração compulsória culmina na produção de fenômenos demográficos importantes na esfera daqueles municípios: "inchaço artificial da população", população flutuante e migrações temporárias. Busca-se, portanto, apontar as especificidades desses processos no crescimento populacional dos pequenos municípios com unidades prisionais do Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, os quais são decorrentes de uma política de ampliação de vagas e de desconcentração prisional dos grandes centros metropolitanos. As evidências empíricas, em conjunto com aportes teóricos explorados, permitem entender alguns dos aspectos da presença recente de detentos nesses municípios em face ao consequente fluxo de visitantes e a configuração da relação entre antigos residentes e novos moradores / Abstract: This dissertation seeks to analyze the population growth in small municipalities of the west of São Paulo, as the result of a specific kind of migration, mostly composed by individuals in detention regime. This compulsory migration produces important demographic phenomena in the studied municipalities, such as the "artificial swelling of the population", fluctuating population and temporary migration. The aim, therefore, is to highlight the specificities of this type of migration in the demographic dynamics of the referred municipalities, which, as the consequence of a penitentiary redistribution policy in the state of São Paulo, have one or more prisoner units. The collected body of empirical evidence, combined with the theoretical framework, allows for the understanding of the multiple effects of the presence of this "detained population" in the municipalities, especially in regards to the increasing flux of visitors - detainees' family members, to a large extent - and the relationship between new and established residents / Mestrado / Demografia / Mestre em Demografia

La ville d’Abidjan est localisée au Sud de la Côte d’Ivoire. Elle est la capitale économique depuis 1983 et la première ville du pays. Elle concentre le potentiel humain et une offre de soins dense et diversifiée répartie sur de faibles distances physiques, donnant l’impression que tout est accessible. En effet, l’État Ivoirien a consenti d’importants investissements pour construire et équiper des services de santé depuis l’émergence de la ville au début du siècle dernier pour améliorer l’accès aux soins des abidjanais. Pourtant, malgré une augmentation considérable du nombre d’infrastructures sanitaires et de leur disponibilité, les taux d’utilisations et de fréquentations des services de santé modernes dans les communes de la ville d’Abidjan restent faibles et les indicateurs de santé demeurent très préoccupants et les besoins de soins sont importants. En plus, la croissance spatiale et démographique accélérée que connaît la ville entraînent des changements rapides dans son organisation territoriale empêchant les autorités publiques chargées de la planification de suivre le rythme de sa croissance urbaine. Ils ne sont pas toujours parvenus à équiper en services urbains les nouveaux espaces au fur et à mesure de leur création et à intégrer les nouveaux citadins aux origines diverses. Cette thèse permet d’étudier, comment, dans un contexte considéré comme privilégié, se pose la problématique de l’accès et du recours aux services de santé modernes. Pour réaliser ce projet, cette étude, à partir des combinaisons d’analyses spatiales, statistiques, et d’un travail de terrain, analyse les inégalités socio-spatiales d’accès aux services de santé pour mettre en exergue le problème de l’accessibilité aux soins, tant physique, culturelle, matérielle que sociale. Elle mesure également l’adéquation de cette offre de soins moderne aux besoins de soins des populations pour identifier les zones et les populations défavorisées pour l’accès aux soins. Et enfin, cette étude analyse les pratiques citadines du recours aux soins, ainsi que les déterminants qui limitent ou facilitent l’accès aux soins dans la ville d’Abidjan. Les résultats des études montrent que les services de santé existent, ils sont denses et diversifiés, mais ils ne sont pas repartis là où il y a le plus de besoins de soins. Dans notre étude, on souligne aussi une prédominance de la prise en charge à domicile des épisodes morbides notamment à travers l’automédication et une diminution de l’utilisation des services de soins modernes. Le recours aux structures de soins se fait rare dans les quartiers où les besoins en soins de santé sont les plus importants. L’automédication ou la médecine de rue sont généralement les plus privilégiées. Les structures de soins sont sollicitées que lorsque la maladie devient très grave. Nos résultats montrent également qu’il est difficile d’attribuer à un facteur le rôle déterminant des recours thérapeutiques, car les comportements sont à la fois déterminés par les caractéristiques socio-démographiques de l’individu, de sa famille et par des paramètres contextuels, mais aussi par les caractéristiques de l’épisode morbide, par la connaissance du système de soins environnant et les attitudes vis-à-vis du système de soins. Néanmoins, nous pouvons dire qu’à Abidjan, les pratiques citadines du recours aux soins sont tributaires de la capacité économique des ménages avec le risque accru de marginaliser les personnes les plus vulnérables. / The city of Abidjan is located in the South of the Ivory Coast. It is the economic capital since 1983 and the first city of the country. It concentrates human potential and health of dense care supply modern and diversified divided on weak physical distance, giving the impression that everything is approachable. In effect, the State Of the Ivory Coast approved important investments to construct and equip services of health care since the emergence of the city at the beginning of last century to ameliorate the access to health care of abidjanais. However, in spite of a considerable increase among health facilities and among their availability, the rates of uses and company of the services of modern health care in the spaces of the city of Abidjan remain weak and the indicators of health remain very worrying and the needs in care of health are important. On top of that, the space and demographic speeded up growth which knows the city draw away quick changes in her territorial organization preventing the public authorities made responsible with planning for following the rhythm of its urban growth. They did not always manage to equip new urban spaces with timely urban services and to integrate new citizens at the various origins. This thesis allows to be studying, how, in a considered context as privileged, settle the problems of access and health care seeking in the services of modern health. To accomplish this plan, this study, from the combination of spatial analysis, statistics, and field work, analyses the socio- spatial inequality of access to the services of health to head with the problem of accessibility in care, so physical, cultural, material that social. It also measures the adequacy of health care supply at the Needs in care of health of populations to identify zones and populations discriminated for the access to health care. And finally, this study analyses the city practices in the use of health care, as well as the determinants that hinder or facilitate access to health care in the city of Abidjan. Study results show that the services of health exist, they are dense and manifold, but they did not leave again where there are most needs in care of health. In our study, they also underline a predominance of the taking care at home of morbid episodes notably across self-medication and a reduction of the use of the services of modern care. The seeking in structures of health care becomes rare in the space where the needs in care of health are the most important. Self-medication or street medicine are the most favouring in general. Structures of health care are solicited that when illness becomes very serious. Our results also show that it is difficult to allocate to a factor the role determining therapeutic seeking, because behaviours are determined at the same time by the socio-demographic characteristics of the individual, his family and by contextual parameters, but also by the characteristics of morbid episode, by the knowledge of the ambient the health care system and attitudes in relation to the health care system. However, we can say that in Abidjan, the city practices of health care seeking are dependent on the economic capacity of household with risk augmented to marginalize the most vulnerable persons.