Esta tese consiste na etnografia dos Deni do rio Cuniuá, localizados no sudoeste do estado do Amazonas e falantes de uma língua da família linguística arawá. Esta parte da população Deni vive em um relativo isolamento frente à sociedade brasileira, num cenário que contrasta com o intenso contato que mantinham algumas décadas atrás. A situação atual é antes o resultado de fatores histórico, como a crise do extrativismo e a demarcação das Terras Indígenas na região, do que do desejo dos próprios indígenas. A abordagem adotada coloca em primeiro plano o parentesco Deni, tomado como fio condutor e não como limite da análise. Abordando algumas temáticas da cosmologia deni, como a questão dos brancos, dos coletivos, da relação com os animais, da noção de pessoa, do casamento e dos vínculos de filiação, mostramos como o parentesco, longe de ser um domínio isolado, está relacionado com vários outros elementos do mundo. Realizamos aqui um exercício baseado em uma metodologia experimental para o estudo de genealogias, demonstrando como alguns aspectos do cosmos Deni influenciam suas práticas matrimoniais. / This thesis is an ethnographic account of the Deni people, who live on the River Cuniuá at the Southwest corner of the Amazonas State and speak a language that belongs to the arawan family. This part of the Deni population currently lives in relative isolation from Brazilian society, which contrasts with the intense contacts of a few decades ago. The current situation is a direct result of historical factors such as the crisis of the extraction industry and the demarcation of native-land, and not the Denis own desire. The approach adopted by the present work focuses on, but is not limited by, Deni kinship. It addresses some elements of Deni cosmology, such as their relations with the whites, the nominated groups, the animals, as well as their conception of personhood, marriage and filiation, and demonstrates the manner in which kinship relates to several other elements of the their world. The present work conducts an exercise based on an experimental methodology for studies of genealogy, thus demonstrating how some aspects of the Deni cosmos play an influence on their marriage practices.

Esta tese consiste na etnografia dos Deni do rio Cuniuá, localizados no sudoeste do estado do Amazonas e falantes de uma língua da família linguística arawá. Esta parte da população Deni vive em um relativo isolamento frente à sociedade brasileira, num cenário que contrasta com o intenso contato que mantinham algumas décadas atrás. A situação atual é antes o resultado de fatores histórico, como a crise do extrativismo e a demarcação das Terras Indígenas na região, do que do desejo dos próprios indígenas. A abordagem adotada coloca em primeiro plano o parentesco Deni, tomado como fio condutor e não como limite da análise. Abordando algumas temáticas da cosmologia deni, como a questão dos brancos, dos coletivos, da relação com os animais, da noção de pessoa, do casamento e dos vínculos de filiação, mostramos como o parentesco, longe de ser um domínio isolado, está relacionado com vários outros elementos do mundo. Realizamos aqui um exercício baseado em uma metodologia experimental para o estudo de genealogias, demonstrando como alguns aspectos do cosmos Deni influenciam suas práticas matrimoniais. / This thesis is an ethnographic account of the Deni people, who live on the River Cuniuá at the Southwest corner of the Amazonas State and speak a language that belongs to the arawan family. This part of the Deni population currently lives in relative isolation from Brazilian society, which contrasts with the intense contacts of a few decades ago. The current situation is a direct result of historical factors such as the crisis of the extraction industry and the demarcation of native-land, and not the Denis own desire. The approach adopted by the present work focuses on, but is not limited by, Deni kinship. It addresses some elements of Deni cosmology, such as their relations with the whites, the nominated groups, the animals, as well as their conception of personhood, marriage and filiation, and demonstrates the manner in which kinship relates to several other elements of the their world. The present work conducts an exercise based on an experimental methodology for studies of genealogy, thus demonstrating how some aspects of the Deni cosmos play an influence on their marriage practices.

Submitted by MATEUS CRUZ MACIEL DE CARVALHO null (mateuscmcarvalho@hotmail.com) on 2017-06-06T14:27:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Estudo morfossintático da língua Deni - Mateus Cruz Maciel de Carvalho.pdf: 2246206 bytes, checksum: e9233e67f1269252f33fea38ecc526e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-06-06T17:44:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_mcm_dr_arafcl.pdf: 2246206 bytes, checksum: e9233e67f1269252f33fea38ecc526e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T17:44:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_mcm_dr_arafcl.pdf: 2246206 bytes, checksum: e9233e67f1269252f33fea38ecc526e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A língua Deni é classificada como pertencente à família linguística Arawá e é falada por uma população de aproximadamente 1.600 pessoas que se distribuem em dez aldeais, sendo sete às margens do rio Cuniuá e três às margens do rio Xeruã, todas localizadas no estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Esta tese inclui análises de questões relacionadas à morfologia e sintaxe dessa língua brasileira pouco estudada. As análises realizadas aqui são baseadas na perspectiva tipológico-funcional cujos princípios podem ser encontrados na Teoria Linguística Básica em Dixon (2010a,b; 2012) e Aikhenvald (2015). Os dados apresentados aqui foram coletados em cinco trabalhos de campo realizados junto a falantes nativos, metodologia amplamente adotada no trabalho com línguas pouco conhecidas. Os resultados apresentados aqui apontam para um sistema fonológico composto por vinte fonemas dos quais dezesseis são consonantais e quatro são vocálicos. Esses fonemas ocorrem em um template silábico (C)V para o qual a única restrição fonotática identificada foi a sílaba /vu/. A prosódia apresenta também restrição, em que a sílaba mais à direita da palavra fonológica recebe o acento principal. As classes maiores de palavras são nomes e verbos, enquanto as classes menores são adjetivos, advérbios, pronomes e demonstrativos, quantificadores e numerais, locacionais, posposições, conectivos e partículas, interrogativos e interjeições. Enquanto os nomes podem receber pouca marção morfológica em Deni, a morfologia verbal é sintética, isto é, muitos morfemas podem ser anexados à palavra verbal (morfemas de tempo, aspecto, modo, modalidade), como ocorre nas outras línguas da família. O critério morfológico é o critério utilizado para a postulação de subclasses na presente tese. A língua inclui dois tipos básicos de cláusula, transitivas e intransitivas, que podem receber argumentos periféricos opcionais que são tipicamente marcados por caso. / Deni language is classified as belonging to the Arawá linguistic family and it is spoken by about 1.600 people who are distributed in tem villages, seven non the banks of the Cuniuá river and three on the banks of Xeruã river, all located in Amazonas state, Brazil. This thesis includes analysis of matters related to morphology and syntax of the poorly-studied Brazilian language. The analysis carried out here are based on the typological-functional perspective whose principles are found on the Basic Linguistic Theory in Dixon (2010a,b; 2012) and Aikhenvald (2015). The data presented here were obtained in five field trips accomplished together with native speakers, methodology that is widely adopted in working with poorly-known languages. The results reached here point to a phonological system composed by twenty phonemes of which sixteen are consonants and four are vowels. These phonemes occur in a syllabic template (C)V for which the only restriction identified is the syllable /vu/. The prosody also includes constraint, in which only the last syllable more to the right receives the main stress of the phonological word. The major word classes are nouns and verbs, whilst the minor word classes are adjectives, adverbs, pronouns and demonstratives, quantifiers and numerals, locationals, postpositions, connectives and particles, interrogatives, and interjections. Whereas the nouns can receive few morphological markings in Deni, the verb morphology is synthetic, that is, many morphemes can be attached to the verbal word (morphemes of tense, aspect, mood, modality), as occurs in other languages of the family. The morphological criterion is the one adopted for the postulation of the subclasses in the present thesis. The language includes two basic types of clause, transitive and intransitive, which can receive optional peripheral arguments that are typically marked by case.

Dans cette thèse nous nous sommes intéressés à sécuriser les réseaux véhiculaires ad hoc (VANETs) contre les attaques de déni de service (DoS) jugées comme étant les plus dangereuses pour ces réseaux. Notre travail peut être subdivisé en trois grandes parties.Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié les différentes vulnérabilités auxquelles sont exposés les VANETs, spécialement les attaques DoS. Vu notre expertise en matière de la cryptographie, nous avons exploré, dégagé et classifié des solutions possibles à une grande panoplie de brèches de sécurité VANETs. En effet, nous avons montré que la cryptographie permet de résoudre divers problèmes de sécurité VANETs. Notre première contribution dans ce sens est un algorithme de génération de clés de groupe pour les convois de véhicules. Dans notre deuxième contribution nous avons conçu deux nouvelles méthodes de détection d’attaques DoS. Dans ce contexte, notre premier algorithme de détection est basé sur la régression linéaire, la logique floue ainsi que la définition de trois nouvelles métriques spécifiques VANETs. Dans notre deuxième algorithme de détection nous avons défini une nouvelle métrique à base de l'entropie de Shannon que nous avons introduite pour la première fois pour détecter tel type d’attaques. Notre troisième contribution a été consacrée à la réaction contre les attaques une fois détectées. Pour cela, nous avons eu recourt à l'utilisation des techniques offertes par la théorie des jeux. Nous avons proposé deux jeux non-coopératifs de réaction sous forme stratégique et extensive. Pour chacune des phases de détection et de réaction, les expérimentations ont été faites essentiellement pour les attaques greedy et jamming. Nos algorithmes proposés présentent l'avantage de la rapidité, d'être exécutés par n'importe quel nœud du réseau et ne nécessitent aucune modification du protocole IEEE 802.11p utilisée comme standard de la couche MAC et PHY des réseaux véhiculaires.Au cours de ce travail, nous avons pu participer à la sécurisation des réseaux VANETs. Cependant nous jugeons qu'il reste beaucoup à faire. A savoir par exemple, l'étude des solutions cryptographiques que nous avons menée nous a permis de découvrir à quel point l'usage de la cryptographie pour la sécurité des VANETs est un sujet assez vaste et qui nécessite d'être encore mieux exploré. Ceci constituera pour nous une ouverture assez prometteuse. / In this thesis we interested in securing Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) against Denial of Service attacks (DoS) judged to be the most dangerous attacks to such networks. Our work can be divided into three main parts. First, we studied all the various possible existing vulnerabilities to which are exposed VANETs, we focused especially on denial of service attacks. Based on our expertise in cryptography, we explored, identified and classified the possible solutions to a wide range of VANET security breaches from a cryptographic point of view. Indeed, we showed that cryptography with its primitives and fairly powerful tools solves many VANET security problems. Our first contribution in this direction is a secure group key generation algorithm for VANET platoons. In our second contribution, we have developed two new techniques to detect denial of service attacks in VANET networks mainly characterized by the high mobility and frequent disconnections which considerably complicate the detection. Our first detection algorithm is based on the linear regression mathematical concept, fuzzy logic and three newly defined VANET appropriate metrics. In our second algorithm we define a new Shannon Entropy based metric that we introduced for the first time to detect DoS attacks in VANET. Our third contribution was devoted to the reaction against the detected attacks. For that, we used the techniques offered by game theory. We have proposed two non-cooperative reaction games in strategic and extensive forms. For both detection and reaction proposed schemes, experiments were made essentially for the greedy behavior and jamming attacks. All our proposed algorithms present the advantage of rapidity, to be executed by any node of the network and do not require any modification of the 802.11p MAC layer protocol used as a standard for VANETs. In this work, we have participated in securing VANETs, however we believe that much remains to be done. Namely, for example the study of cryptographic solutions we have conducted, allowed us to discover how the use of cryptography for VANET security is a fairly broad topic which needs to be better explored. This will be for us a very promising subject.

The water and coal samples from the Manisa-Soma-DeniS region were studied on the basis of their basic characteristics, inorganic and organic parameters. Coal samples were determined as low-quality lignite. They have high concentrations of arsenic, uranium and lead. The organics in the coal samples are of aliphatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives (alkanes and alcohols), methyls, phthalates, naphtalenes and benzenes. They are inactive and low in concentrations. Water samples have basic characteristics within the range of drinking waters. They also have high arsenic and uranium concentrations indicating a possible leaching. Their organic compounds are similar to those in the coal samples. However, these organic compounds are not as toxic as those found in endemic samples and their concentration is also very low. Therefore, they are considered not to be a potential for Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN)-disease. On the basis of the findings of this study, the area can be concluded as non-endemic region.