Thesis (PhD) - Institute for Social Research, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. / Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Institute for Social Research, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. Typescript. 'December 2006'. Includes bibliographical references (p. 303-326).

Optimal nutritional management of growing pigs is constrained by lack of quantitative information on the response of animals between 30 and 110 kg live weight to dietary energy content. Under 'ideal' conditions modern genotypes appear to adjust feed intake to maintain a constant DE intake over a much wider range of dietary energy concentrations than previously thought (Mullan et al, 1998). However, under commercial pen conditions, voluntary feed intake is lower, pigs respond in terms of both growth rate and feed conversion to dietary DE density considerably above the levels currently thought to maximise biological and economic responses. The present study was designed to provide information on the response of growing pigs to dietary energy content under ideal and commercial housing conditions for two growth periods 30-60kg liveweight and 60-100kg liveweight. The results of the pigs kept under individual (ideal) housed conditions were consistent with the literature in that they adjusted their voluntary feed intake with digestible energy density to maintain a constant energy intake. The results of the pigs kept in groups (commercial) housing conditions tended to increase their daily energy intake as the energy density of the feed increased. This increase in energy intake improved the growth rate of the pigs and increased the fat deposition of those pigs. Economic analysis of the experiments involving pigs in groups indicates that formulating diets to a least cost per megajoule of digestible energy is not the most profitable point to set the digestible energy density. Modelling programs need to be used to determine where the least cost per unit of growth of the pig occurs. This is the most economical digestible energy density to formulate too. This will have major impact on the cost of production of piggery operations as the cost of energy is the single most important parameter in the cost of producing a pig.

Optimal nutritional management of growing pigs is constrained by lack of quantitative information on the response of animals between 30 and 110 kg live weight to dietary energy content. Under 'ideal' conditions modern genotypes appear to adjust feed intake to maintain a constant DE intake over a much wider range of dietary energy concentrations than previously thought (Mullan et al, 1998). However, under commercial pen conditions, voluntary feed intake is lower, pigs respond in terms of both growth rate and feed conversion to dietary DE density considerably above the levels currently thought to maximise biological and economic responses. The present study was designed to provide information on the response of growing pigs to dietary energy content under ideal and commercial housing conditions for two growth periods 30-60kg liveweight and 60-100kg liveweight. The results of the pigs kept under individual (ideal) housed conditions were consistent with the literature in that they adjusted their voluntary feed intake with digestible energy density to maintain a constant energy intake. The results of the pigs kept in groups (commercial) housing conditions tended to increase their daily energy intake as the energy density of the feed increased. This increase in energy intake improved the growth rate of the pigs and increased the fat deposition of those pigs. Economic analysis of the experiments involving pigs in groups indicates that formulating diets to a least cost per megajoule of digestible energy is not the most profitable point to set the digestible energy density. Modelling programs need to be used to determine where the least cost per unit of growth of the pig occurs. This is the most economical digestible energy density to formulate too. This will have major impact on the cost of production of piggery operations as the cost of energy is the single most important parameter in the cost of producing a pig.

Municipal electorates across America are vocal, unrepresentative networks. With lower turnout rates than state and national elections, the local electoral process disproportionately elects white, older, home-owning officials. Voting and elected bodies align demographically, thus leading to a policy that disproportionately reflects the interests of white, older, home-owning voters (Levine Einstein, Ornstein, & Palmer, 2019). This cycle is problematic because it halts the passage of policy that reflects the interest of historically underrepresented voters: young people and people of color. I argue that, for local races, campaign methods disproportionately mobilize the social networks that white, older, home-owning voters belong to. Members of these groups disproportionately occupy low-density housing-building types that can be accessed and mobilized by all campaigns. I suggest a relationship exists between housing density and turnout, with voters residing in low-density housing participating at higher rates in local elections. Therefore, local races have smaller budgets and fewer reserves to invest in mobilizing voters residing in high-density housing. To assess this relationship, I compare housing density - whether a voter lives in low density or high-density housing - and individual voting records from 2017 to 2021 across four municipalities in Massachusetts: Cambridge, Boston, Somerville, and Worcester. I expect to find that compared to voters living in low-density housing, those residing in high-density housing - disproportionately young voters and voters of color - are turning out at lower rates in local elections than in the 2018 Midterm and 2020 Presidential Elections. To change this cycle, scholars must pay more attention to the role housing density plays in inhibiting local mobilization efforts, and campaigns must collaborate to mobilize voting members of all social networks, especially those residing in high-density housing.

This thesis seeks to address energy efficient design in a temperate climate in typical small, medium density housing, particularly in housing for the aged. The connections between energy efficient design and small, medium density housing were identified as contemporary issues related to Australian Government policies in two disparate areas. One policy area is reflected in the Government's commitment to assist older people, whether they are active, early retirees or the frail elderly, wealthy or poor, to live in their chosen place of residence. Increasingly this chosen place of residence may be a small, medium density dwelling. The other policy area is that related to reducing energy consumption in buildings. This policy is reflected in recently proclaimed building regulations aimed at reducing space heating/cooling requirements in housing. The building regulations include details of acceptable construction practice for energy efficiency that may not be appropriate in small, medium density housing. It was proposed in this thesis that extensive use of space heating and cooling in housing for the aged was required because well-established benchmarks for energy efficient design in a temperate climate were not generally appropriate in small, medium density dwellings and were particularly inappropriate in housing for the aged. `Appropriate' in this context referred to: indoor temperatures being acceptable without the need for space heating and cooling; retaining the site planning and general form of typical, medium density aged persons housing developments in suburban Australia; cost effectiveness over the life of a building; and fitting the needs of physically and financially vulnerable older people. / The methods used to examine the notion of appropriateness commenced with a literature review that related to the general physical and economic status of older people and their needs and responses to space heating and cooling in the home. Further, the literature review considered the principles of energy efficient design and benchmark criteria for energy efficiency. Arising from the literature review, two tools of study were used in order to develop a set of data encapsulating the salient features of small, medium density housing. The first was a multiple case study of typical housing for the aged. This was conceived as a way of determining if small, medium density dwellings could provide appropriate indoor thermal conditions and/or were designed to be energy efficient. The indoor temperatures were monitored in summer and winter and annual energy consumption was established and statistically analysed. The building designs were analysed in terms of their orientation, glazing areas, wall areas, volumes of thermal mass and ventilation capacity and compared with benchmarks for energy efficient design. The second tool involved a series of computer simulations of a typical small, medium density dwelling. The simulation process was utilised to determine if a new set of benchmarks for energy efficient small, medium density dwellings were required that would incorporate the notion of appropriateness. From the multiple case study it was found that, irrespective of design, indoor temperatures in 98% of dwellings were above the acceptable maximum summer temperature of 27.4°C in still air and indoor temperatures in all dwellings were found to be below the acceptable minimum daytime temperature of 19.8°C. / The findings also showed that some aspects of the benchmarks for energy efficient design were not appropriate in typical, medium density housing constructed specifically for the aged. From the simulation process it was discovered that acceptable temperatures could be achieved in small medium density housing if the principles of energy efficient design, incorporated within a new set of benchmarks, were integrated with appropriateness criteria for housing for the aged. The approach taken with the new benchmarks was to create both performance based and prescriptive design solutions. The performance model differs from the current benchmarks for energy efficient design in that it establishes key functional objectives for energy efficient design. Compared to the current benchmarks, the prescriptive design solutions show significant reductions in the areas of northerly glazing and total glazing. To compensate for the reduced area of northerly glazing, both direct and indirect means of solar gain are utilised for passive heating. The thesis outcomes have implications for three areas of the construction industry. The prescriptive design solutions presented in building regulations for energy efficiency in housing need to be qualified, the design briefs prepared for energy efficient construction of small, medium density housing need amendment and the approach taken by designers involved in energy efficient small, medium density housing needs to be reconsidered.

This thesis project is complex because of its crystalline form. It is ordered through structural hierarchy and modularity. The presence of both complexity and order gives articulation to all scales of the project, allows for variety without chaos, and repetition without monotony. All of these characteristics are essential for the program of a high-rise residential building that accommodates 1,500 people. / Master of Architecture

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993. / "Workshop report." Includes bibliographical references.

xii, 69 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / New Urbanists promote development modeled upon neighborhoods that are highdensity and mixed-use with connected streets so that residents will drive less and have a strong sense of community. Little is known about whether New Urbanist environments provide the envisioned change in living experience for those who reside there. This study assesses changes in the living experience of residents of a suburban New Urbanist environment located in Eugene, Oregon, relative to their living experience in their previous residential environment. Findings reveal that respondents drive less for some but not all types of trips. There are no significant changes in sense of community. Changes in housing density and land-use mix are found associated with driving behavior change. Change in the enjoyment of the walking environment is found associated with changes in levels of resident interaction and feelings of sense of community. / Committee in Charge: Dr. Yizhao Yang, Chair; Dr. Robert Young; Robert Parker

The present architectural proposal aims to foster engagement, support independence, and promote a sense of meaning, comfort, and safety for dementia residents of care facilities. The proposed Iron Heart Memory Village aims to improve the quality of life for dementia residents by redesigning healthcare facilities and integrating everyday lifestyles into their living spaces. Dementia, characterized by cognitive decline and functional impairments, poses significant challenges to individuals and their caregivers. By reimagining program spaces within low-density housing and providing access to public amenities, entertainment, and natural environments, healthcare facilities can emulate familiar everyday settings. In terms of design, Iron Heart Memory Village offers a setting that prioritizes interactions between residents, healthcare professionals, and visitors through low-density residences, individual courtyards designed for the different stages of dementia, shopping, cooking, entertainment, public amenities, and simple living. This proposal considers the proposed site's history, climate, site, demographics, economics, and other factors to best design a building that serves not only dementia residents but also the neighborhood. The proposal addresses the multifaceted needs of dementia residents and their caregivers through sustainable architecture and construction. Innovative architecture, such as green roofs, solar panels, locally sourced materials, open designs, and more, are some of the elements used to enhance mobility, stimulate mental abilities, and create environments conducive to holistic well-being. Through a deeper understanding of dementia as a condition influenced by various factors, including brain damage and other underlying conditions, this project underscores the importance of design and architecture as a means to alleviate symptoms and improve overall outcomes for individuals affected by dementia. / Master of Architecture / Dementia is a big challenge for people, families, and healthcare systems worldwide because it affects memory and everyday activities. As more people get older, dementia is becoming more common. This means we need new ideas to help those with dementia. Many traditional healthcare places struggle to help people with dementia properly, which can make life harder for them and their caregivers. However, new research shows that changing how healthcare buildings are designed and including things from everyday life can make a big difference for people with dementia. This sets the stage for a proposal to improve healthcare places for people with dementia by redesigning them to feel like regular homes. The proposal suggests making healthcare buildings more like real homes by adding things like places to hang out, entertainment options, and nature views. It also suggests activities people enjoy, like shopping and cooking, to help them stay social. Plus, it includes changes to make the buildings easier to get around for people with mobility issues. Overall, the goal is to make life better for people with dementia by making healthcare places feel more like home and helping them stay active and independent. This could also make things easier for their caregivers. The proposal is a plan for this and could be a model for future dementia care.

Quinta Vertical: vivienda colectiva en Barrios Altos, surge a partir de la añoranza de los juegos hechos en patios, de quintas y callejones, donde reinaban los niños y los viejos. También es una crítica al actual modelo inmobiliario, en muchos casos, fuente y resultante de los problemas sociales actuales relacionados al individualismo. La presente tesis es la respuesta arquitectónica al déficit habitacional acorde a las exigencias y costumbres de una sociedad diversa y prospera culturalmente, ligada fuertemente a la identidad limeña y cuyos objetivos son resueltos, en su mayoría, gracias a su capacidad de colectividad, sumergida en un entorno en continuo desgaste y destrucción a pesar de su importancia urbanística e histórica, el cual degenera el modo de vivir de sus habitantes obligándolos irremediablemente a abandonarlo. El proyecto asimila tipologías urbanas y domesticas tradicionales del lugar, estudia teorías arquitectónicas relevantes y las emplea con una conciencia contemporánea enfatizando la identidad de barrio y densidad habitacional en una búsqueda por lograr viviendas de calidad, áreas comunes capaces de propiciar la vida colectiva y la inserción armónica en un centro histórico. / Vertical Quinta: Collective Housing in Barrios Altos, arises from a yearning of the games in the patios, of quintas and callejones, where kids and old ones reigned. It is also a critical stand on the real state model, in a lot of ways the source and result of current social problems related to individualism. The present thesis is an architectural response of the housing deficit, according to the demands and traditional ways of a diverse and culturally flourished society, strongly linked to the limeño’s identity, whose objectives are mostly resolved thanks to their collective capacity, emerge in a context of continuum wear and destruction, in spite of its urban and historic relevance, which degenerates the way of living of its occupants forcing them to hopelessly abandon it. The project assimilates urban and domestic traditional typologies found in the place, it studies relevant architectural theories and applies them with a contemporary consciousness emphasizing a neighborhood identity and habitation density in a search to reach quality housing, common areas capable of propitiate a collective life and a harmonic insertion in a historical center. / Tesis