Diante dos avanços científicos da odontologia visando o selamento perfeito das cavidades com adesão, desenvolvimento de materiais, técnicas e maior compreensão das características do substrato dental, a tecnologia a laser de Er:YAG (2,94 mm) apresenta-se como recurso eficiente para o tratamento superficial da dentina, isoladamente ou em associação ao condicionamento ácido, em baixa densidade de energia. Para obtenção de uma zona microrretentiva (camada híbrida, tags e microtags) mais uniforme e evitarem-se aspectos críticos de adesão como o colapso da trama protéica, sua remoção pela desproteinização com hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) tem sido proposta. O presente estudo teve por objetivo pesquisar a interação de diferentes tratamentos superficiais em dentina bovina (condicionamento ácido convencional, laser de Er:YAG e desproteinização), avaliar a resistência adesiva à tração utilizando-se um sistema adesivo à base de acetona, e analisar as superfícies dentinárias submetidas a estes diferentes tratamentos em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Verificou-se que o laser de Er:YAG em baixa densidade de energia (19,29 J / cm2, a 60 mJ e 2 Hz) pôde influenciar positivamente na resistência adesiva da dentina, comparando-se ao condicionamento ácido convencional. A associação laser e ácido no tratamento de superfície dentinária aumentou a resistência adesiva independente de ter-se realizado ou não a desproteinização. A observação em MEV das superfícies dentinárias tratadas com o laser de Er:YAG seguido da desproteinização com NaOCl revelou aspecto morfológico microrretentivo, embora o comportamento adesivo tenha produzido baixos valores de resistência à tração. / Under scientific improvements in dentistry towards the perfect cavity sealing and adhesion, the development of materials, techniques and the better understanding of dental substrate features, the Er:YAG laser (2,94 mm) technology plays a role as an efficient tool in dentin surface treatment, performed in low energy density, whether isolated or in association with acid etching. In order to obtain a more uniform mircro-retentive zone (hybrid layer, tags and microtags) and to avoid the critical aspects on adhesion such as the collagenous demineralized zone collapse, it has been proposed the removal of this collagenous zone with the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) protein depletion technique. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of these surface treatments in bovine dentin (conventional acid etching. Er:YAG laser and protein depletion), to measure the tensile bond strength of the treated dentin surfaces, by using an acetone-based adhesive system and to observe the dentin surfaces under scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM). The results showed that Er:YAG laser performed in low energy density (19,29 J / cm2, at 60 mJ and 2 Hz) could positively influence in dentin tensile strength, as good as conventional acid etching. The laser / acid association in dentin treatment increased tensile bond strength whether had it been performed the NaOCl protein depletion or not. SEM observation of Er:YAG dentin treated surfaces followed by NaOCl had shown a morphologic micro-retentive pattern; however, its tensile bond strength values came out to be low.

Current hydrophilic resin adhesives undergo hydrolytic degradation and show a decrease in bond strength over time. Nanoleakage and ultrastructure studies suggest that inadequately infiltrated collagen leads to enzymatic degradation and resin-dentin bond failure. Adequate degree of conversion (DC) of resin adhesives is also critical to resin-dentin bond strength and durability. The long-term goal of this dissertation is the realization of durable resin-dentin bond. It is hypothesized that ethanol-wet bonding technique (EW) may effectively facilitate the infiltration of hydrophobic monomers into hydrophilic acid-etched dentin by maintaining interfibrillar spacing, stiffening collagen matrix, and improving adhesive resin-demineralized dentin matrix miscibility. Chlorhexidine (CHX), Matrix Metalloproteinase-inhibitor (MMP-inhibitor), should further preserve collagen integrity and resin-dentin bond strength. Moreover, efficient photoinitiator systems that broaden light absorptivity and provide more reactive radicals may enhance polymerization. In this dissertation, a clinically-relevant EW protocol, 3×15s absolute ethanol rinsing, provided significantly higher microtensile bond strength (πTBS) of a hydrophobic resin (70%BisGMA/30%TEGDMA) to dentin as compared to water-wet bonding (WW). All groups showed no significant drop of πTBS after 1-year storage except EW without CHX application, showing marginally significant reduction in πTBS (p=0.0558) suggesting MMP-inhibition by CHX in EW. These results were consistent with subsequent experiments. EW maintained interfibrillar width and hybrid layer thickness for resin infiltration and retention. Monomer molar concentration across the hybrid layer was significantly higher in EW than WW. An application of 2% CHX diacetate further preserved collagen banding in EW. WW showed more generalized spotted nanoleakage, while EW presented localized reticular nanoleakage. The use of Irgacure 819 (BAPO) alone and in combination with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) or camphorquinone (CQ) increased DC of hydrophobic and hydrophilic resins over resins containing the CQ/amine (4E) control. Only BAPO and BAPO/BPO demonstrated significantly higher immediate shear bond strength than CQ/4E. Within the limitations of these studies, EW improved resin-dentin bond durability by maintaining collagen interfibrillar spaces for efficient infiltration of a hydrophobic BisGMA/TEGDMA resin resulting in significantly higher πTBS and monomer molar concentrations with less nanoleakage distribution within the hybrid layer than WW. CHX further maintained collagen integrity and πTBS in EW. BAPO is a potential alternative photoinitiator of dental resins.

Diante dos avanços científicos da odontologia visando o selamento perfeito das cavidades com adesão, desenvolvimento de materiais, técnicas e maior compreensão das características do substrato dental, a tecnologia a laser de Er:YAG (2,94 mm) apresenta-se como recurso eficiente para o tratamento superficial da dentina, isoladamente ou em associação ao condicionamento ácido, em baixa densidade de energia. Para obtenção de uma zona microrretentiva (camada híbrida, tags e microtags) mais uniforme e evitarem-se aspectos críticos de adesão como o colapso da trama protéica, sua remoção pela desproteinização com hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) tem sido proposta. O presente estudo teve por objetivo pesquisar a interação de diferentes tratamentos superficiais em dentina bovina (condicionamento ácido convencional, laser de Er:YAG e desproteinização), avaliar a resistência adesiva à tração utilizando-se um sistema adesivo à base de acetona, e analisar as superfícies dentinárias submetidas a estes diferentes tratamentos em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Verificou-se que o laser de Er:YAG em baixa densidade de energia (19,29 J / cm2, a 60 mJ e 2 Hz) pôde influenciar positivamente na resistência adesiva da dentina, comparando-se ao condicionamento ácido convencional. A associação laser e ácido no tratamento de superfície dentinária aumentou a resistência adesiva independente de ter-se realizado ou não a desproteinização. A observação em MEV das superfícies dentinárias tratadas com o laser de Er:YAG seguido da desproteinização com NaOCl revelou aspecto morfológico microrretentivo, embora o comportamento adesivo tenha produzido baixos valores de resistência à tração. / Under scientific improvements in dentistry towards the perfect cavity sealing and adhesion, the development of materials, techniques and the better understanding of dental substrate features, the Er:YAG laser (2,94 mm) technology plays a role as an efficient tool in dentin surface treatment, performed in low energy density, whether isolated or in association with acid etching. In order to obtain a more uniform mircro-retentive zone (hybrid layer, tags and microtags) and to avoid the critical aspects on adhesion such as the collagenous demineralized zone collapse, it has been proposed the removal of this collagenous zone with the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) protein depletion technique. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of these surface treatments in bovine dentin (conventional acid etching. Er:YAG laser and protein depletion), to measure the tensile bond strength of the treated dentin surfaces, by using an acetone-based adhesive system and to observe the dentin surfaces under scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM). The results showed that Er:YAG laser performed in low energy density (19,29 J / cm2, at 60 mJ and 2 Hz) could positively influence in dentin tensile strength, as good as conventional acid etching. The laser / acid association in dentin treatment increased tensile bond strength whether had it been performed the NaOCl protein depletion or not. SEM observation of Er:YAG dentin treated surfaces followed by NaOCl had shown a morphologic micro-retentive pattern; however, its tensile bond strength values came out to be low.