No description available.

A study has been made on the irradiation induced grafting of MMA to PPE and cellulose subtrates in the presence of various solvents and Irgacure 819 photoinitiator, a new photoinitiator on the market at the commencement of this project. UV is the main irradiation source used. The grafting yields have been found to vary with parameters such as the subtrate types and thickness, MMA concentration, solvents used, Irgacure 819 concentration and UV doses. For the cellulose subtrate, good grafting yields were obtained only when solvents such as methanol and DMF were used. On the contrary, MMA could graft to PPE with or without solvents, although high grafting yields were achieved in the presence of methanol, DMF and other chlorinated solvents. The solvent effects on the grafting process of MMA to PPE and cellulose subtrates were attributed to the wetting and swelling effects by the solvents as well as the Trommsdorff effect. During the course of this study, a comparison in the performance between Irgacure 819 and other photoinitiators (PIs) was also carried out. A study was made of the UV radiation induced grafting of styrene to PPE subtrate with EP vinyl monomers and vinyl ethers as comonomers. The possibility of spontaneous polymerization of styrene/EP vinyl monomer mixtures under the influence of UV radiation was also investigated. Grafting yields were found to vary with the comonomer types and their concentrations, the presence or absence of solvents and additives such as Irgacure 819 photoinitiator, K185 cationic photoinitiator, mineral acids and CT complexes. In addition, the composition of grafted subtrates was studied by using the FT-IR spectroscopy technique / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Common therapy for diabetes mellitus is subcutaneous administration of insulin that is subject to serious disadvantages, such as patient noncompliance and occasional hypoglycemia. Hence, oral administration of insulin could be more convenient and serve as a desired route. However, oral administration of insulin is severely limited by the low bioavailability of insulin through the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, a semi-interpenetrating network gelatin fiber scaffold (sIPN GF) was fabricated for oral mucosal delivery of insulin as an alternative route. This sIPN GF was engineered from an electrospun gelatin fiber scaffold (GF), which was further crosslinked with polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-DA) to enhance its stability. Within the crosslinking process, eosin Y served as a photoinitiator, and the ratio of PEG-DA to eosin Y was optimized with respect to cytocompatibility and degradation rate. The results showed that the fabricated scaffold morphology, mechanical properties, and degradation rate were significantly enhanced after the crosslinking process. This optimized formulation was used to fabricate sIPN gelatin-co-insulin fiber scaffold (sIPN GIF). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to monitor the insulin releasing kinetics of sIPN GIF. Western blot analysis showed that sIPN GIF activated intracellular AKT phosphorylation in a releasing time-dependant manner. Oil red O staining confirmed the released insulin was able to induce 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. The permeability of insulin from sIPN GIF was determined on the order of 10^-7 cm/s using a vertical Franz diffusion cell system mounted with porcine buccal mucosa. These findings suggest that sIPN GIF holds a great potential for oral mucosal delivery of insulin.

"In situ polymerizing hydrogel systems play an important role in many tissue engineering applications. They have proven to be useful in biomedical applications that require conversion of liquid macromer solution to tissue compliant hydrogel under physiological conditions. A series of poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(lactate) diacrylate macromers were synthesized with variable PEG molecular weight and lactate content. The macromer compositions were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and ion chromatography. These macromers were polymerized to form hydrogels by free radical polymerization using either redox or photochemical initiators. The current study focused on the optimization of polymerization conditions. Compressive modulus and residual acrylate analysis were used to evaluate polymerization efficiency. To characterize the network structure, the swelling ratio values were converted to the average molecular weight between crosslinks ( ) and mesh sizes (ξ) using Flory-Rehner theory. Current study suggested hydrophobic modification is desired to achieve high polymerization efficiency. Electrospinning is a developing technique to produce ultra fine fibrous structures from polymer solutions. Current research efforts have focused on understanding the effects of principal parameters such as molecular weight distribution (MWD) and polymer surfactant interactions on the morphology of the electrospun patterns. Fundamental understanding of the dilute solution rheology of the polydisperse polymer/solvent and polymer/solvent/surfactant systems was first established. Using viscometry, the on-set of entanglement concentrations could be obtained for various systems. Electrospinning was then carried out to evaluate the effects of polymer molecular weight, molecular weight distribution (MWD) and the polymer-surfactant interaction on the fiber formation and morphological features. The importance of increased chain entanglements due to high molecular weight component within the polydisperse system and the expansion of the coil dimension by binding the surfactant micelles have been recognized. The critical concentrations for incipient as well as stable fiber formation were determined. "

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar múltiplos aspectos relacionados a polimerização da resina composta como: o grau de conversão monomérica (GC), parâmetros da cinética de polimerização e a determinação de monômeros residuais TEGDMA e BisGMA, além de avaliar o desempenho de aparelhos fotoativadores. As resinas compostas experimentais foram manipuladas variando-se os fotoiniciadores R1-) canforoquinona/amina, R2-) PPD/amina, R3-) PPD + canforoquinona/amina) e foram utilizados dois aparelhos para a fotoativação (I-) lâmpada halógena (Demetron LC/ SDS Kerr-USA) e II-) LED (Poly 600/Kavo-Brasil) ambos com 600 mW cm-2, por 40 s. O GC após 300 s e os parâmetros de cinética como taxa máxima de conversão (Rpmáx), tempo em que ocorreu a taxa máxima de polimerização (tmáx) e a conversão quando ocorreu a Rpmáx, foram determinados por meio de espectroscopia de absorção no infravermelho em tempo real (RT-FTIR), Os espectros foram coletados dos espécimes (n=5) no modo cinética, durante 305 s, entre 1680 e 1550 cm-1. As 5 primeiras varreduras coletadas serviram para fornecer o espectro de absorção da resina não polimerizada (utilizado no cálculo do GC). Na 6º varredura, o fotoativador foi ligado (por 40 segundos) enquanto o espectro continuava a ser coletado até 300 s após a ativação da luz. A presença de monômeros residuais (TEGDMA e BisGMA) foi avaliada por meio da cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC), sendo que os espécimes (n=6) foram imersos em acetonitrila (5 mL-24 h) com agitação mecânica, o método desenvolvido utilizou: HPLC, coluna C18, fase móvel A: água com trietilamina (0,05%) acidificada com ácido acético (pH 4) e B: acetonitrila, modo de eluição com gradiente (40-85%-17 min/ 55°C), fluxo de 1 mL min-1, detector UV em 210 nm, injeção de 20 µL. Em relação aos resultados de GC após 300 s os maiores valores foram para a resina R1 tanto fotoativada com LED (65,90% ±1,81) quanto com a lâmpada halógena (64,40% ±0,83), e os menores valores encontrados foram quando a resina R2 foi fotoativada pelo LED (35,64% ±1,73) e a única resina que apresentou diferenças significantes em relação as fontes de luz foi a R2. Os valores da Rpmáx diminuíram nas resinas que apresentavam o fotoiniciador PPD. O tempo de ocorrência da taxa máxima de conversão (tmáx) aconteceu mais rapidamente para a resina com CQ. Todas as resinas apresentaram valores de grau de conversão similares no tmáx. Em relação aos resultados de HPLC, a quantidade de monômeros extraídos (M/M%) variou de 1,98% ±0,16 à 3,34% ±0,07 para os monômeros TEGDMA e de 3,57% ±0,30 à 7,57% ±0,40 para os monômeros BisGMA. A resina R2 apresentou a maior quantidade de monômeros residuais quando fotoativada com ambas as fontes, principalmente quando fotoativada com o LED. As resinas R1 e R3 obtiveram comportamento parecidos para ambos fotoativadores. Conclui-se que a resina R3 pode ser uma boa opção, pois quando comparada com a resina R1 apresentou vantagens como: redução na Rpmáx, bem como o momento em que esta ocorreu (tmáx), além de ser adequadamente fotoativada com aparelhos de LED. / This study aimed to investigate multiple aspects of composite resin polymerization as the degree of monomer conversion (DC), the kinetic parameters of polymerization and the determination of residual monomers TEGDMA and BisGMA, and evaluate the performance of light curing units. The experimental composites were manipulated by varying the photoinitiators R1-) camphorquinone/amine, R2-) PPD/amine, R3-) PPD + camphorquinone/ amine) and two devices were used for the polymerization I-) halogen lamp (Demetron LC / SDS Kerr, USA) and II-) LED (Poly 600/Kavo-Brasil) both with 600 mW cm-2 for 40 s. DC after 300 s and the kinetic parameters such as maximum rate of polymerization conversion (Rpmax), time of occurrence of the maximum rate of polymerisation (tmax) and the conversion occurred when Rpmax were determined by infrared absorption spectroscopy in real time (RT-FTIR), the infrared spectrum was collected from the specimen (n=5) in order kinetics for 305 s, between 1680 and 1550 cm-1. The first 5 scans were used to provide the collected absorption spectrum of the uncured resin (calculated DC). In the sixth scan, the curing unit was connected (by 40 seconds) while the spectrum continued to be collected up to 300 s after activation of the light. The presence of residual monomers (TEGDMA and BisGMA) was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the specimens (n=6) were immersed in acetonitrile (5 mL-24 h) with mechanical stirring, the method developed used: HPLC, C18 column, mobile phase A: water with triethylamine (0,05%) acidified with acetic acid (pH 4) and phase B: acetonitrile, gradient elution mode (40-85% -17 min/55 °C), flow 1 mL/min, UV detector at 210 nm, injection of 20 µL. Regarding the results of DC after 300s were the highest values for both R1 resin polymerized with LED (65.90% ±1.81) and with a halogen lamp (64.40% ±0.83), and lower values when the resin was found that R2 was polymerized by LED (35.64% ±1.73) and the only resin that showed significant differences in the sources of light was the R2. The values of the resins decreased Rpmax who had PPD photoinitiator. The time of occurrence of the maximum rate of conversion (tmax) occurred more rapidly for the resin with CQ. And all resins showed values similar degree of conversion in tmax. For HPLC results, the amount of monomer extracted (M/M%) ranged from 1.98% ±0.16 to 3.34% ±0.07 for the monomers of TEGDMA and 3.57% ±0.30 to 7.57% ±0.40 for the monomers BisGMA. Resin R2 showed the highest amount of residual monomers as polymerized with both sources, especially when polymerized with LED. Resins R1 and R3 had similar behavior for both curing units. In conclusion, the resin R3 can be a good choice, as compared with the resin obtained R1 advantages as reduction in Rpmax as well as the time it occurred (tmax), and be suitably photoactivated with LED devices.

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar múltiplos aspectos relacionados a polimerização da resina composta como: o grau de conversão monomérica (GC), parâmetros da cinética de polimerização e a determinação de monômeros residuais TEGDMA e BisGMA, além de avaliar o desempenho de aparelhos fotoativadores. As resinas compostas experimentais foram manipuladas variando-se os fotoiniciadores R1-) canforoquinona/amina, R2-) PPD/amina, R3-) PPD + canforoquinona/amina) e foram utilizados dois aparelhos para a fotoativação (I-) lâmpada halógena (Demetron LC/ SDS Kerr-USA) e II-) LED (Poly 600/Kavo-Brasil) ambos com 600 mW cm-2, por 40 s. O GC após 300 s e os parâmetros de cinética como taxa máxima de conversão (Rpmáx), tempo em que ocorreu a taxa máxima de polimerização (tmáx) e a conversão quando ocorreu a Rpmáx, foram determinados por meio de espectroscopia de absorção no infravermelho em tempo real (RT-FTIR), Os espectros foram coletados dos espécimes (n=5) no modo cinética, durante 305 s, entre 1680 e 1550 cm-1. As 5 primeiras varreduras coletadas serviram para fornecer o espectro de absorção da resina não polimerizada (utilizado no cálculo do GC). Na 6º varredura, o fotoativador foi ligado (por 40 segundos) enquanto o espectro continuava a ser coletado até 300 s após a ativação da luz. A presença de monômeros residuais (TEGDMA e BisGMA) foi avaliada por meio da cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC), sendo que os espécimes (n=6) foram imersos em acetonitrila (5 mL-24 h) com agitação mecânica, o método desenvolvido utilizou: HPLC, coluna C18, fase móvel A: água com trietilamina (0,05%) acidificada com ácido acético (pH 4) e B: acetonitrila, modo de eluição com gradiente (40-85%-17 min/ 55°C), fluxo de 1 mL min-1, detector UV em 210 nm, injeção de 20 µL. Em relação aos resultados de GC após 300 s os maiores valores foram para a resina R1 tanto fotoativada com LED (65,90% ±1,81) quanto com a lâmpada halógena (64,40% ±0,83), e os menores valores encontrados foram quando a resina R2 foi fotoativada pelo LED (35,64% ±1,73) e a única resina que apresentou diferenças significantes em relação as fontes de luz foi a R2. Os valores da Rpmáx diminuíram nas resinas que apresentavam o fotoiniciador PPD. O tempo de ocorrência da taxa máxima de conversão (tmáx) aconteceu mais rapidamente para a resina com CQ. Todas as resinas apresentaram valores de grau de conversão similares no tmáx. Em relação aos resultados de HPLC, a quantidade de monômeros extraídos (M/M%) variou de 1,98% ±0,16 à 3,34% ±0,07 para os monômeros TEGDMA e de 3,57% ±0,30 à 7,57% ±0,40 para os monômeros BisGMA. A resina R2 apresentou a maior quantidade de monômeros residuais quando fotoativada com ambas as fontes, principalmente quando fotoativada com o LED. As resinas R1 e R3 obtiveram comportamento parecidos para ambos fotoativadores. Conclui-se que a resina R3 pode ser uma boa opção, pois quando comparada com a resina R1 apresentou vantagens como: redução na Rpmáx, bem como o momento em que esta ocorreu (tmáx), além de ser adequadamente fotoativada com aparelhos de LED. / This study aimed to investigate multiple aspects of composite resin polymerization as the degree of monomer conversion (DC), the kinetic parameters of polymerization and the determination of residual monomers TEGDMA and BisGMA, and evaluate the performance of light curing units. The experimental composites were manipulated by varying the photoinitiators R1-) camphorquinone/amine, R2-) PPD/amine, R3-) PPD + camphorquinone/ amine) and two devices were used for the polymerization I-) halogen lamp (Demetron LC / SDS Kerr, USA) and II-) LED (Poly 600/Kavo-Brasil) both with 600 mW cm-2 for 40 s. DC after 300 s and the kinetic parameters such as maximum rate of polymerization conversion (Rpmax), time of occurrence of the maximum rate of polymerisation (tmax) and the conversion occurred when Rpmax were determined by infrared absorption spectroscopy in real time (RT-FTIR), the infrared spectrum was collected from the specimen (n=5) in order kinetics for 305 s, between 1680 and 1550 cm-1. The first 5 scans were used to provide the collected absorption spectrum of the uncured resin (calculated DC). In the sixth scan, the curing unit was connected (by 40 seconds) while the spectrum continued to be collected up to 300 s after activation of the light. The presence of residual monomers (TEGDMA and BisGMA) was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the specimens (n=6) were immersed in acetonitrile (5 mL-24 h) with mechanical stirring, the method developed used: HPLC, C18 column, mobile phase A: water with triethylamine (0,05%) acidified with acetic acid (pH 4) and phase B: acetonitrile, gradient elution mode (40-85% -17 min/55 °C), flow 1 mL/min, UV detector at 210 nm, injection of 20 µL. Regarding the results of DC after 300s were the highest values for both R1 resin polymerized with LED (65.90% ±1.81) and with a halogen lamp (64.40% ±0.83), and lower values when the resin was found that R2 was polymerized by LED (35.64% ±1.73) and the only resin that showed significant differences in the sources of light was the R2. The values of the resins decreased Rpmax who had PPD photoinitiator. The time of occurrence of the maximum rate of conversion (tmax) occurred more rapidly for the resin with CQ. And all resins showed values similar degree of conversion in tmax. For HPLC results, the amount of monomer extracted (M/M%) ranged from 1.98% ±0.16 to 3.34% ±0.07 for the monomers of TEGDMA and 3.57% ±0.30 to 7.57% ±0.40 for the monomers BisGMA. Resin R2 showed the highest amount of residual monomers as polymerized with both sources, especially when polymerized with LED. Resins R1 and R3 had similar behavior for both curing units. In conclusion, the resin R3 can be a good choice, as compared with the resin obtained R1 advantages as reduction in Rpmax as well as the time it occurred (tmax), and be suitably photoactivated with LED devices.

Current hydrophilic resin adhesives undergo hydrolytic degradation and show a decrease in bond strength over time. Nanoleakage and ultrastructure studies suggest that inadequately infiltrated collagen leads to enzymatic degradation and resin-dentin bond failure. Adequate degree of conversion (DC) of resin adhesives is also critical to resin-dentin bond strength and durability. The long-term goal of this dissertation is the realization of durable resin-dentin bond. It is hypothesized that ethanol-wet bonding technique (EW) may effectively facilitate the infiltration of hydrophobic monomers into hydrophilic acid-etched dentin by maintaining interfibrillar spacing, stiffening collagen matrix, and improving adhesive resin-demineralized dentin matrix miscibility. Chlorhexidine (CHX), Matrix Metalloproteinase-inhibitor (MMP-inhibitor), should further preserve collagen integrity and resin-dentin bond strength. Moreover, efficient photoinitiator systems that broaden light absorptivity and provide more reactive radicals may enhance polymerization. In this dissertation, a clinically-relevant EW protocol, 3×15s absolute ethanol rinsing, provided significantly higher microtensile bond strength (πTBS) of a hydrophobic resin (70%BisGMA/30%TEGDMA) to dentin as compared to water-wet bonding (WW). All groups showed no significant drop of πTBS after 1-year storage except EW without CHX application, showing marginally significant reduction in πTBS (p=0.0558) suggesting MMP-inhibition by CHX in EW. These results were consistent with subsequent experiments. EW maintained interfibrillar width and hybrid layer thickness for resin infiltration and retention. Monomer molar concentration across the hybrid layer was significantly higher in EW than WW. An application of 2% CHX diacetate further preserved collagen banding in EW. WW showed more generalized spotted nanoleakage, while EW presented localized reticular nanoleakage. The use of Irgacure 819 (BAPO) alone and in combination with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) or camphorquinone (CQ) increased DC of hydrophobic and hydrophilic resins over resins containing the CQ/amine (4E) control. Only BAPO and BAPO/BPO demonstrated significantly higher immediate shear bond strength than CQ/4E. Within the limitations of these studies, EW improved resin-dentin bond durability by maintaining collagen interfibrillar spaces for efficient infiltration of a hydrophobic BisGMA/TEGDMA resin resulting in significantly higher πTBS and monomer molar concentrations with less nanoleakage distribution within the hybrid layer than WW. CHX further maintained collagen integrity and πTBS in EW. BAPO is a potential alternative photoinitiator of dental resins.

Disponibiliza??o do conte?do parcial, conforme Termo de Autoriza??o no trabalho. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-02-07T17:34:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) larissa_almeida_alves_parcial.pdf: 127946 bytes, checksum: d9a934a0580a850c74fd0e5efc19ebe6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-03-06T11:41:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) larissa_almeida_alves_parcial.pdf: 127946 bytes, checksum: d9a934a0580a850c74fd0e5efc19ebe6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T11:41:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) larissa_almeida_alves_parcial.pdf: 127946 bytes, checksum: d9a934a0580a850c74fd0e5efc19ebe6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Carbon Dots (CDs) sol?veis em ?gua preparados a partir da desidrata??o ?cida da celulose foram utilizados como fotossensibilizadores na polimeriza??o da acrilamida na presen?a do co-iniciador trietanolamina. Os materiais preparados foram caracterizados por diferentes t?cnicas, incluindo MET, IVFT, espectroscopia UV-Vis e fotoluminesc?ncia, voltametria c?clica, TG-MS, titula??o potenciom?trica, entre outras. Os Carbon Dots preparados apresentaram tamanho de part?culas de aproximadamente 2,7 ?0,5nm, com uma superf?cie altamente funcionalizada com grupos funcionais oxigenados (carbox?licos, fen?licos, pironas, etc.) dos quais 65% s?o carbox?licos. Uma vez que estes grupos apresentam pKa ao redor de 4, potenciais zeta negativos foram observados em pHs ?cidos maiores que 4. Por outro lado, as caracteriza??es das suas propriedades ?pticas mostraram que os Carbon Dots apresentam uma absortividade molar (?) de 20,1 Lg-1cm-1 em ?= 254nm e 7,6 Lg-1cm-1 em ?= 360 com fotoluminesc?ncia dependente do comprimento de onda de excita??o e rendimento qu?ntico de 0,6%. Devido ?s suas propriedades, os Carbon Dots foram usados como fotossensibilizadores na polimeriza??o da acrilamida. A cin?tica da rea??o de polimeriza??o foi realizada em pHs 3, 6, 8 e 10, sendo que em pH 8 foi verificada uma maior taxa de convers?o. Neste pH as nanoestruturas possuem um pequeno excesso de carga negativa e a estrutura da trietanolamina est? predominantemente desprotonada (pKa = 7,86) o que facilita a intera??o das duas esp?cies promovendo a forma??o de radicais iniciadores da rea??o. O material fotopolimerizado foi caracterizado e os resultados obtidos s?o t?picos de poliacrilamida. Em adi??o, o material polim?rico obtido foi sol?vel em ?gua sugerindo que o pol?mero seja linear (n?o apresenta reticula??es) com uma massa molar viscosim?trica de at? 3,1x106 Da. A partir dos resultados experimentais obtidos e c?lculos te?ricos da estrutura de ambos, fotossensibilizador e co-iniciador, foi sugerido que devido ? capacidade dos Carbon Dots em receber el?trons em sua estrutura de bandas, sua alta absortividade molar e fotoestabilidade, as nanoestruturas quando excitadas foram capazes de gerar radicais amino, respons?veis pela inicia??o da polimeriza??o, devido ao acoplamento entre seus orbitais de fronteira com os orbitais HOMO-LUMO da trietanolamina. Por fim, os resultados apresentados demonstram uma nova e promissora aplica??o para estas nanopart?culas, com um grande potencial para o desenvolvimento futuro das tecnologias relacionadas ? fotopolimeriza??o. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / Water soluble Carbon Dots (CDs) prepared from the acid dehydration of cellulose were used as photosensitizers in the polymerization of the acrylamide in the presence of co-initiator triethanolamine. The prepared materials were characterized by different techniques, including TEM, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence, cyclic voltammetry, TG-MS, potentiometric titration, among others. The Carbon Dots prepared showed the particle size of approximately 2.7 ? 0.5nm and a highly functionalized surface with oxygenated functional groups (carboxylic, phenolic, pyrones, etc.) 65% of them carboxylic. Since these groups have pKa around 4, negative zeta potentials were observed uawes of pH hifher than 4. Furthermore, the characterization of their optical properties showed that Carbon Dots exhibit a molar absorptivity (?) de 20.1 Lg-1cm-1 in ?= 254nm e 7.6 Lg-1cm-1 in ?= 360 with photoluminescence dependent of the excitation wavelength and quantum efficiency of 0.6%. Because their properties, the carbon dots were used as photosensitizers in the polymerization of the acrylamide. The kinetics of the polymerization reaction was carried out at pH 3,6,8 and 10, whereas at pH 8 was observed a higher conversion rate. At this pH the nanostructures have a small excess of negative charge and the structure of triethanolamine are predominantly deprotonated ( pKa = 7.86) that facilitates the interaction of the two species promoting the formation of radical reaction initiators. The polymeric material was characterized and the obtained results are typical of polyacrylamide. In addition, the polymerized material was water soluble and suggests that the polymer is linear (no presents crosslinks) and has a molecular weight of approximately 3.1x106 Da. The experimental results and theoretical calculations of the band structure of both, photosensitizer and co-initiator, suggest that due to the ability of Carbon Dots to receive electrons in its band structure, their high molar absorptivity and photostability, these nanostructures when excited were able to generate amine radicals, responsible for initiating polymerization, due to the coupling between their frontier orbitals with the HOMO-LUMO of triethanolamine. Finally, the results show a promising new application for carbon nanostructures in all areas related to photopolymerization.

This diploma thesis deals with a study of kinetics of photochemical reactions in a thin printed polymer layer. The experimental part deals with the composition preparation and layers coating. The prepared layers were exposed and subsequently studied for their colour response to the light. The aim of this work was to prepare a photosensitive layer with a significant colour change between individual doses of radiation, to improve the mechanical resistance of the layers, to adjust the sensitivity of the compositions to UVB radiation and to study the kinetics of the photochemical reaction used.

No description available.