Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-205). Also available on the Internet.

Although extensive evidence suggests antidepressants are a non-effective treatment for the majority of depressive cases where they are prescribed and despite other developed countries taking steps to provide alternative treatments, Canada's prescription rates continue rising and no state action is being taken. The primary purpose of this study is to explore whether the media in English-speaking Canada, represented by its "newspaper of record," The Globe and Mail, has been performing its essential role in informing Canadians about the controversy surrounding antidepressants and the pharmaceutical system that that has made them central to treating depression. Data was collected in the form of newspaper articles from between 2000 and 2015 in order to analyze media coverage to ensure the essential facts were reported and to qualify to what degree a patient advocacy role challenging the norms of contemporary treatment has been adopted. / February 2017

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2003. / "December 2003." Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-205). Also issued on the Internet.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet 2005. / I publ. felaktigt ISBN: 91-7140-442-4. Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2005. / Prepared for: Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Bibliography: leaves 142-153.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-12-15T11:54:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Débora Nascimento Sousa - 2016.pdf: 4367047 bytes, checksum: 35c38302a78c568610631ef86cddb6c3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-15T17:17:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Débora Nascimento Sousa - 2016.pdf: 4367047 bytes, checksum: 35c38302a78c568610631ef86cddb6c3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-15T17:17:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Débora Nascimento Sousa - 2016.pdf: 4367047 bytes, checksum: 35c38302a78c568610631ef86cddb6c3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-10 / The depressant used in the iron ore flotation are starches, basically made up of amylose and amylopectin, and the most widely used corn because of its availability and economic viability. The objective was to study the performance of seven starches from different botanical sources in reverse flotation cation of iron ore through Microflotation and flotation test bench cell. We evaluated the influence of different dosage depressants in the buoyancy of the minerals quartz and hematite, the tests used to passing particle size of 180 m and held 75 micrometre (-80 + # 200 #). Any material used in the present study was completely released, ie without the presence of mixed particles. The samples were analyzed chemically and physically by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDS) and chemical analysis. In the modified Hallimond tube, we used the following depressants: Conventional corn starch, cassava starch, potato flour, cassava flour HIPIX®100, HIPIX®101 and HIPIX®102, the dosages 400, 800, 1600, 3200 , 4800 and 6400 (g / t) maintaining fixed collector dosage Flotigam EDA Clariant at a dosage of 70 g / t was observed to influence the dosing of depressant tested in floatability of minerals. There was better efficiency in depressant HIPIX®100, HIPIX®101 and cassava starch. In the flotation cell counter, model engendering power was used with 60% hematite and 40% quartz with high purity. is homogenized and the following pre-depressant was tested: Cassava flour, cassava starch, HIPIX®100, HIPIX®101 and normal corn starch (using it as a comparison), the measurements 400, 800 and 1600 (g / t). This single step in flotation cell bench worked as a rougher stage compared to mining companies. The results of Microflotation and flotation bench were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), checking variation of doses of depressants are factors that influence the recovery of the mineral compared to conventional corn starch. At this stage, the results prove to be technically possible to replace the corn starch in the flotation cation reverse iron ore, apart from replacing the conventional corn starch was noticed that the performance of some starches leads to a lower specific consumption reagent, which can result in economic and environmental gains. / Os depressores utilizados na flotação de minério de ferro são os amidos, constituídos basicamente de amilose e amilopectina, sendo o de milho mais utilizado devido à sua disponibilidade e viabilidade econômica. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar o desempenho de sete amidos provenientes de diferentes fontes botânicas na flotação catiônica reversa de minério de ferro, através de ensaios de microflotação e flotação em célula de bancada. Foram avaliados a influência da dosagem de diferentes depressores na flotabilidade dos minerais de quartzo e hematita, nos testes utilizou-se granulometria passante em 180 µm e retido 75 µm (-80# + 200#). Todo material utilizado no presente trabalho estava totalmente liberado, ou seja, sem presença de partículas mistas. As amostras foram analisados química e fisicamente por meio de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura, Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X (EDS) e análises químicas. No tubo de Hallimond modificado, utilizou-se os seguintes depressores: amidos milho convencional, amido de mandioca, féculas de batata, fécula de mandioca, HIPIX®100, HIPIX®101 e HIPIX®102, nas dosagens 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 4800 e 6400 (g/t) mantendo fixa dosagem de coletor Flotigam EDA da Clariant, na dosagem de 70 g/t, observou-se a influência da dosagem dos depressores testados na flotabilidade dos minerais. Observou-se melhor eficiência nos depressores HIPIX®100, HIPIX®101 e fécula de mandioca. Já na célula de flotação de bancada, modelo ENGENDRAR utilizou-se alimentação com 60% de hematita e 40% de quartzo com alta pureza. Homogeneizou-se previamente e testou-se os seguintes depressores: Fécula de mandioca, amido de mandioca, HIPIX®100, HIPIX®101 e amido de milho convencional (utilizando-o como comparação), nas dosagens 400, 800 e 1600 (g/t). Esta única etapa em célula de flotação em bancada funcionou como uma etapa rougher comparado à empresas de mineração. Os resultados da microflotação e da flotação por bancada foram analisados estatisticamente através da análise de variância (ANOVA), verificando se variação das dosagens dos depressores são fatores que influenciaram na recuperação do mineral comparado ao amido de milho convencional. Nesta etapa os resultados mostram-se possibilidades técnicas para a substituição do amido de milho na flotação catiônica reversa de minérios de ferro, além da substituição do amido de milho convencional, percebeu-se que o desempenho de alguns amidos leva a um menor consumo específico de reagente, o que pode acarretar em ganhos econômicos e ambientais.

A study was carried out to improve the flotation selectivity between galena and sphalerite during the flotation of a Cu-Pb-Zn sulphide composite ore from the Rosh Pinah Mine (Namibia). Xanthate collectors were found to be unselective for the flotation of the Rosh Pinah composite sample. It was observed that the recovery of sphalerite increased with both the recovery of galena and the concentrate mass pull. In addition, the recovery of sphalerite increased after activation with Cu(II) ions while that of galena decreased when the composite was dry ground in a mild steel mill with mild steel grinding media. However, the recovery of galena was not affected after wet milling in a stainless steel mill. The recovery of Cu(II)-activated sphalerite was independent of the milling environment (wet or dry) and grinding media. The activation of sphalerite by cuprous cyanide complexes, which are present in the recycled water, was clearly shown in this study. Both batch flotation tests and XPS analysis have confirmed that sphalerite was activated by copper(I) from the cuprous cyanide complexes. The recovery of copper(I)-activated sphalerite increased further when the composite was dry milled as compared to wet milling. Batch flotation tests have shown that the use of cyanide alone is not efficient for the depression of sphalerite due to the mineralogical texture of the Rosh Pinah ore. A large quantity of galena locked and/or attached to sphalerite was observed in the lead concentrate. Their prevalence increased with increasing particle size. The use of both cyanide and zinc sulphate improved the depression of sphalerite much better than cyanide alone. A flowsheet has been proposed to improve selectivity between galena and sphalerite in the lead flotation circuit. It includes the regrinding of the lead rougher concentrate prior to the cleaning stage due to poor liberation between galena and sphalerite. / Thesis (PhD (Metallurgical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering / unrestricted

Class III antiarrhythmic drugs share the common mechanism of widening the cardiac action potential without affecting conduction velocity. This thesis reports on the actions of newly developed putative Class III antiarrhythmic drugs, tedisamil, KC 8851, RP 62719, UK 68798, and risotilide, as well as an ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel blocker, glibenclamide. Studies were performed to examine the actions of these drugs in acute myocardial ischaemia and possible mechanisms responsible for these actions. The hypothesis tested was that drug treatment prevented arrhythmias induced by acute myocardial ischaemia. Species dependent actions of these drugs on ECG and blood pressure were examined in rats, guinea pigs, pigs and primates. The five putative class III drugs listed above were assessed for antiarrhythmic activity in a conscious rat model of myocardial ischaemia. It was found that only tedisamil and KC 8851, which widened the Q-T[formula omitted] interval of the ECG (by up to 65%) , were effective at suppressing fibrillation in this species. None of the drug treatments decreased the incidence of ventricular premature beats. Tedisamil, but not glibenclamide, prevented tachycardias in a rat model of myocardial ischaemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. In an anaesthetized pig model of acute myocardial ischaemia, tedisamil and UK 68,798 were shown to mildly prolong the Q-T[formula omitted] interval by less than 20%, but protection against arrhythmias was equivocal. In further studies, tedisamil and UK 68,798 were compared to each other for effects on ventricular epicardial action potential morphology using intracellular recording in vivo, and effects on ventricular effective refractory period using electrical stimulation in vivo in both rats and guinea pigs. Tedisamil (4 mg/kg, i.v.) prolonged rat ventricular epicardial action potential duration fourfold in vivo, while UK68,798 (up to 1 mg/kg, i.v.) was ineffective in this species. Tedisamil (4 mg/kg, i.v.) widened guinea pig ventricular epicardial potentials by 80%, while UK 68,798 (25 μg/kg, i.v.) increased these by 30%. Action potential widening paralleled increases in ventricular refractoriness to electrical induction of premature beats. It was found that the species selective actions of these drugs was most likely related to differences in selectivity for K⁺ channels which contribute to repolarization in myocardium. / Medicine, Faculty of / Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of / Graduate

This study explored the possibility that some individuals with alcohol and amphetamine addictions are initially motivated to use alcohol and amphetamines because of underlying issues involving body dissatisfaction and weight reduction associated with Anorexia and Bilimia Nervosa. Current literature reveals similarities among chemical dependencies and eating disorders.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and enervating mental illness affecting millions globally. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients do not receive clinical benefit from existing antidepressant medications. The limited effectiveness of currently available antidepressant drugs emphasizes the need to identify more effective medications for individuals who are treatment-resistant. We have previously reported abnormally elevated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) gene expression levels in the postmortem brain from MDD brain donors. PARP1 is a DNA damage repair enzyme that is also linked to neuroinflammation through multiple biochemical pathways. PARP1 upregulation in MDD could indicate a role for this enzyme in the etiopathology of MDD, particularly as it relates to neuroinflammation. In fact, we have shown that drugs that inhibit PARP1 produce antidepressant-like properties in two different rodent behavioral models that mimic depressed mood in humans. In the present study, we utilized a unique rodent behavioral model that produces depressive-like behavior by combining psychological stress with stimulation of inflammation. Depressive behavior produced by this experimental paradigm is not reversed by the prototypical antidepressant fluoxetine. This treatment-resistant depression was elicited by treating rats with injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.1 ug/kg/day) and daily exposure to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 28 days. Depressive behaviors were measured with sucrose preference and forced swim tests in 5 treatment groups (n=6-8 rats per group) including unstressed rats, CUS rats, CUS+LPS rats, and CUS+LPS rats treated with either the PARP1 inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) or the antidepressant fluoxetine. We evaluated the role of neuroinflammation in this model by measuring the amount of microglial activation in several brain regions in rats from all treatment groups. Microglia activation was measured by quantifying the relative amount of expression of the microglia marker protein, IBA1, using an anti-IBA1 antibody. 3AB demonstrated robust and unique antidepressant activity superior to fluoxetine in the treatment-resistant rat model. IBA1-immunoreactivity levels were elevated in brains from CUS and CUS+LPS rats, although there was no evidence that LPS increased IBA1-immunoreactivity above levels found in CUS rats that did not receive LPS. Levels of IBA1-immunoreactivity in the brains from rats treated with either fluoxetine or 3AB trended lower as compared to the CUS and CUS+LPS groups, although this effect did not reach statistical significance. The lack of significant differences is likely related to small sample sizes; experiments are underway to increase the sample sizes of each group. The findings provide further support for the potential of PARP1 inhibitors in treating MDD and suggest that these drugs may be more effective, or more broadly effective than standard antidepressants.