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Avalia??o farmacocin?tica pr?-cl?nica de candidatos a f?rmacos antituberculoseDadda, Adilio da Silva 02 March 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Tuberculosis (TB), caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is an infectious
disease responsible for a significant number of deaths worldwide. IQG-607 is an analog
of isoniazid (INH). According to several experiments carried out by our research group,
IQG-607 showed both in vitro and in vivo anti-TB activity. Initial studies showed that
the compound INCT-TB551 (a quinoline derivative) also presents in vitro anti-TB
activity. The aim of this study was to develop analytical methods by high performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) for quantification of IQG-607 and INCT-TB551 in
mice plasma, and therefore to perform pharmacokinetic studies. The analytical method
for the determination of IQG-607 in mice plasma showed linearity (r = 0.9992) in 0.5?
50 ?g/mL concentration range. Intra- and inter-day precision was < 15%, and the
recovery ranged from 92.07 to 107.68%, showing that the method provides a precise
and accurate analysis of the compound. In addition, IQG-607 was stable in plasma for at
least 30 days at ?80 ?C, and after plasma processing, for 4 h in the auto-sampler (6 ?C)
and maintained on ice (recovery > 85%). The applicability of the method for
pharmacokinetic studies was determined after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (fasted and fed
conditions) administrations to mice. IQG-607 levels in plasma were quantified at time
points for up to 2.5 h. A short half-life (t1/2) (1.14 h), a high clearance (CL) (3.89
L/h/kg), a moderate volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss, 1.22 L/kg), were
observed after i.v. (50 mg/kg) administration. Similar results were obtained for oral
administration (250 mg/kg) under fasted and fed conditions. The oral bioavailability
(F), approximately 4%, was not altered by feeding. Plasma protein binding was 88.87 ?
0.9%. Recently, experiments in mice infected with M. tuberculosis have shown that the
compound INCT-TB551 has no in vivo activity, unlike previous in vitro activity studies.
An analytical method was developed for the determination of INCT-TB551 in mice
plasma to assess compound absorption, if any, after oral administration. The analytical
method presented linearity from 0.1-10 ?g/mL (r = 0.9999). After development of the
analytical method, the compound was orally administered in mice and the plasma levels
were quantified at time points for up to 1 h. The compound INCT-TB551 was detected
in the plasma of animals, which indicated that INCT-TB551 was absorbed. Although
absorbed when orally administered, the compound is not exhibiting activity against M.
tuberculosis in this animal model. This finding may be associated with the formation of
inactive metabolites and/or the plasma concentration of INCT-TB551 achieved may be
inadequate to exert its therapeutic effect. However, these points require further
investigations. The protocols described here may serve as support to initiate
pharmacokinetic studies of promising compounds, collaborating to advance in earlier
stages of drug development. / A tuberculose (TB) ? uma doen?a infecto-contagiosa, causada principalmente pelo
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respons?vel por um n?mero consider?vel de mortes em
todo o mundo. O composto IQG-607 ? um an?logo da isoniazida (INH) que, de acordo
com diversos experimentos realizados pelo grupo de pesquisa envolvido no seu estudo,
apresenta atividade anti-TB in vitro e in vivo. Estudos iniciais do mesmo grupo
demonstraram que o composto INCT-TB551 (um derivado quinol?nico) tamb?m
apresenta promissora atividade anti-TB. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver
metodologias anal?ticas por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia (CLAE-UV) para a
quantifica??o do composto IQG-607 e do INCT-TB551, em plasma de camundongos,
para a realiza??o de estudos de farmacocin?tica. O m?todo anal?tico para a
determina??o do composto IQG-607 em plasma de camundongos apresentou
linearidade (r = 0.9992) na faixa de 0.5?50 ?g/mL. Os valores de precis?o intra e interensaio
(CV < 15%) e de recupera??o (92.07-107.68%) demonstram que o m?todo ?
preciso e exato para a an?lise do composto. Al?m disso, o IQG-607 se mostrou est?vel
no plasma por at? 30 dias, quando armazenado no freezer -80 ?C, e est?vel ap?s o
tratamento da amostra do plasma, por at? 4 horas (h) na bancada (gelo) e no
autosampler do equipamento (6 ?C). A aplicabilidade do m?todo anal?tico para o estudo
de farmacocin?tica foi determinada ap?s a administra??o i.v. e oral em camundongos
(animais em jejum e animais alimentados). As concentra??es plasm?ticas de IQG-607
foram quantificadas por at? 2,5 h ap?s a administra??o nos animais. Quando
administrado pela via i.v. foi observado um tempo de meia vida (t1/2) curto (1,14 h),
elevado clearance (CL) (3,89 L/h/kg), e um moderado volume de distribui??o (Vdss)
(1,22 L/kg). Resultados similares foram obtidos ap?s a administra??o oral (250 mg/kg)
em camundongos que estavam em jejum ou alimentados. A biodisponibilidade oral (F)
foi de aproximadamente 4 %, valor que n?o foi alterado pela alimenta??o. A taxa de
liga??o a prote?nas plasm?ticas do IQG-607 ? de aproximadamente 88 ? 0.9%.
Experimentos recentes em camundongos infectados com M. tuberculosis demonstraram
que o composto INCT-TB551 n?o apresentou atividade neste modelo in vivo, ao
contr?rio dos estudos de atividade in vitro realizados anteriormente. Um m?todo
anal?tico para a determina??o do composto INCT-TB551 em plasma de camundongos
foi desenvolvido para avaliar se o composto estava sendo absorvido ap?s a
administra??o oral. O m?todo anal?tico apresentou linearidade na faixa de 0.1-10 ?g/mL
(r = 0.9999). Ap?s o m?todo ter sido padronizado, o composto foi administrado por via
oral em camundongos, e as concentra??es plasm?ticas foram quantificadas por at? 1 h
ap?s a administra??o. O composto INCT-TB551 foi detectado no plasma dos animais,
indicando que estava sendo absorvido. Apesar de absorvido quando administrado por
via oral, o composto n?o est? apresentando atividade contra M. tuberculosis neste
modelo animal, o que pode estar relacionado, por exemplo, com a forma??o de
metab?litos inativos e/ou ainda, o n?vel plasm?tico atingido pode ser inadequado para
que o composto consiga exercer o seu efeito terap?utico, e isto precisa ser melhor
investigado. Os protocolos apresentados neste trabalho poder?o servir como suporte
para estudos de farmacocin?ticoa de compostos que se apresentam promissores,
colaborando para o avan?o nas etapas necess?rias para o desenvolvimento de poss?veis
f?rmacos.
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