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Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Detroit Mercy, 2009. / "24 April 2009." Includes bibliographical references (p. 123).

Traditional methods for specifying thermal inputs for the structural fire analysis of buildings assume uniform burning and homogeneous temperature conditions throughout a compartment, regardless of its size. This is in contrast to the observation that accidental fires in large, open-plan compartments tend to travel across floor plates, burning over a limited area at any one time. This thesis reviews the assumptions inherent in the traditional methods and addresses their limitations by proposing a methodology that considers travelling fires for structural design. Central to this work is the need for strong collaboration between fire safety engineers to define the fire environment and structural fire engineers to assess the subsequent structural behaviour. The traditional hypothesis of homogeneous temperature conditions in postflashover fires is reviewed by analysis of existing experimental data from wellinstrumented fire tests. It is found that this assumption does not hold well and that a rational statistical approach to fire behaviour could be used instead. The methodology developed in this thesis utilises travelling fires to produce more realistic fire scenarios in large, open-plan compartments than the conventional methods that assume uniform burning and homogeneous gas phase temperatures which are only applicable to small compartments. The methodology considers a family of travelling fires that includes the full range of physically possible fire sizes iv within a given compartment. The thermal environment is split into two regions: the near field (flames) and the far field (smoke away from the flames). Smaller fires travel across a floor plate for long periods of time with relatively cool far field temperatures, while larger fires have hotter far field temperatures but burn for shorter durations. The methodology is applied to case studies showing the impact of travelling fires on generic concrete and steel structures. It is found that travelling fires have a considerable impact on the performance of these structures and that conventional design approaches cannot automatically be assumed to be conservative. The results indicate that medium sized fires between 10% and 25% of the floor area are the most onerous for a structure. Detailed sensitivity analyses are presented, showing that the structural design and fuel load have a larger impact on structural behaviour than any numerical or physical parameter required for the methodology. This thesis represents a foundation for using travelling fires for structural analysis and design. The impact of travelling fires is critical for understanding true structural response to fire in modern, open-plan buildings. It is recommended that travelling fires be considered more widely for structural design and the structural mechanics associated with them be studied in more detail. The methodology presented in this thesis provides a key framework for collaboration between fire safety engineers and structural fire engineers to achieve these aims.

Sendo o setor da construção civil caracterizado historicamente por períodos de oscilação de demanda produtiva, torna-se essencial às empresas que nele atuam a adequada flexibilidade proporcionada pelo preparo gerencial, visando a perenidade e atuação sustentada. Nesse contexto, as micro e pequenas empresas do setor são normalmente as mais vulneráveis aos períodos de baixa demanda produtiva, em especial as empresas de projeto, que são, em sua grande maioria, despreparadas gerencialmente, além de não serem estruturadas e organizadas estrategicamente para atuarem de forma pro-ativa. Diante desse quadro, Oliveira (2005) propôs um modelo de gestão específico para as empresas de projeto de edifícios com orientações para a gestão dos seus principais processos e funções. Objetivando a implementação do modelo citado, formaram-se dois grupos consecutivos compostos por empresas de projeto atuantes na cidade de São Paulo. Este trabalho foi denominado Programa de Desenvolvimento Gerencial para Empresas de Projeto, cuja finalidade era, através de pesquisa-ação, facilitar a implementação do modelo de gestão nas empresas de projeto através de atividades dirigidas, visando o desenvolvimento sustentado por meio do autoconhecimento de suas potencialidades e limitações, conduzindo-as à maturidade empresarial e, consequentemente, ao adequado preparo e flexibilidade necessários tanto para os períodos de recessão, quanto para os períodos de alta demanda produtiva setorial. Frente a esse panorama, desenvolveu-se a pesquisa referente à análise da aplicação do modelo de gestão para empresas de projeto sob dois enfoques: reação das empresas e resultados alcançados em função da implementação. Este trabalho objetiva, ainda, a partir da revisão bibliográfica e experiências vividas durante a implementação do modelo, propor recomendações para facilitar a aplicação dos conceitos de gestão contemplados pelo modelo. / As the Brazilian Civil Construction sector has historically been characterized by periods of oscillation productive demand, the flexibility proposed by the management prepare is essential to the companies of the sector, viewing endurable and sustainable acting. In this context, civil construction micro companies are usually the most sensitive to the low productive demand periods, specially the design firms, since most of them are unprepared and, in addition, they are not strategically organized and structured to take preventive actions in their market. Due to this scenario, Oliveira (2005) proposed a design building firms management model which contains instructions to manage their essential processes and functions. Aiming to implement the above model, two successive work groups were formed, composed by design firms working for the São Paulo civil construction market . This work was named Design Firms Management Developing Program and it viewed, through action research, to facilitate the management model implementation in the design firms through dynamic activities aimed at sustained development by their own potentialities and knowledge limitation, conducting them to a business maturity and consequently to organize them to act in recession periods and also in high productive demand periods. In this context, this research was developed aiming to analyze the design firms reaction along the program and the results attained due to the management model implementation. Through the bibliographic review, this research views to propose recommendations to applicate the model management and its concepts.

Em virtude do rigoroso clima quente da cidade de Ribeirão Preto, a questão do conforto térmico assume destacada relevância no projeto de edificações. Porém, como em outros locais, os significativos avanços nas pesquisas em conforto térmico no ambiente construído não têm se refletido na prática do projeto de edificações na cidade. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é gerar um conjunto de recomendações de projeto para edificações em Ribeirão Preto, sob a ótica do conforto térmico. São recomendações gerais e de fácil aplicação, voltadas às primeiras fases do processo de projeto, e que buscam uma maior aproximação dos profissionais projetistas com os conceitos de conforto térmico no ambiente construído. Para a elaboração deste conjunto de recomendações, utilizou-se como parâmetro um método e uma norma existentes, além de uma detalhada análise dos componentes e particularidades climáticas locais. / Towards the high temperatures the city of Ribeirão Preto presents, the thermal comfort became a very important issue in the building design. However, as at other locations, the significant progress of research in thermal comfort in the internal environment does not have been reflected in the practicing professional in the city. The objective of this work is to deliver some recommendations for design building in Ribeirão Preto, under the thermal comfort concept. These are general recommendations and easy to be used, focused at the first project phases, reaching the professionals with the concepts of thermal comfort in the internal environment. For these recommendations, were used as a method a parameter and a standard and a detailed analysis of existing components and features local climate.

Sendo o setor da construção civil caracterizado historicamente por períodos de oscilação de demanda produtiva, torna-se essencial às empresas que nele atuam a adequada flexibilidade proporcionada pelo preparo gerencial, visando a perenidade e atuação sustentada. Nesse contexto, as micro e pequenas empresas do setor são normalmente as mais vulneráveis aos períodos de baixa demanda produtiva, em especial as empresas de projeto, que são, em sua grande maioria, despreparadas gerencialmente, além de não serem estruturadas e organizadas estrategicamente para atuarem de forma pro-ativa. Diante desse quadro, Oliveira (2005) propôs um modelo de gestão específico para as empresas de projeto de edifícios com orientações para a gestão dos seus principais processos e funções. Objetivando a implementação do modelo citado, formaram-se dois grupos consecutivos compostos por empresas de projeto atuantes na cidade de São Paulo. Este trabalho foi denominado Programa de Desenvolvimento Gerencial para Empresas de Projeto, cuja finalidade era, através de pesquisa-ação, facilitar a implementação do modelo de gestão nas empresas de projeto através de atividades dirigidas, visando o desenvolvimento sustentado por meio do autoconhecimento de suas potencialidades e limitações, conduzindo-as à maturidade empresarial e, consequentemente, ao adequado preparo e flexibilidade necessários tanto para os períodos de recessão, quanto para os períodos de alta demanda produtiva setorial. Frente a esse panorama, desenvolveu-se a pesquisa referente à análise da aplicação do modelo de gestão para empresas de projeto sob dois enfoques: reação das empresas e resultados alcançados em função da implementação. Este trabalho objetiva, ainda, a partir da revisão bibliográfica e experiências vividas durante a implementação do modelo, propor recomendações para facilitar a aplicação dos conceitos de gestão contemplados pelo modelo. / As the Brazilian Civil Construction sector has historically been characterized by periods of oscillation productive demand, the flexibility proposed by the management prepare is essential to the companies of the sector, viewing endurable and sustainable acting. In this context, civil construction micro companies are usually the most sensitive to the low productive demand periods, specially the design firms, since most of them are unprepared and, in addition, they are not strategically organized and structured to take preventive actions in their market. Due to this scenario, Oliveira (2005) proposed a design building firms management model which contains instructions to manage their essential processes and functions. Aiming to implement the above model, two successive work groups were formed, composed by design firms working for the São Paulo civil construction market . This work was named Design Firms Management Developing Program and it viewed, through action research, to facilitate the management model implementation in the design firms through dynamic activities aimed at sustained development by their own potentialities and knowledge limitation, conducting them to a business maturity and consequently to organize them to act in recession periods and also in high productive demand periods. In this context, this research was developed aiming to analyze the design firms reaction along the program and the results attained due to the management model implementation. Through the bibliographic review, this research views to propose recommendations to applicate the model management and its concepts.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2004. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-158). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Em virtude do rigoroso clima quente da cidade de Ribeirão Preto, a questão do conforto térmico assume destacada relevância no projeto de edificações. Porém, como em outros locais, os significativos avanços nas pesquisas em conforto térmico no ambiente construído não têm se refletido na prática do projeto de edificações na cidade. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é gerar um conjunto de recomendações de projeto para edificações em Ribeirão Preto, sob a ótica do conforto térmico. São recomendações gerais e de fácil aplicação, voltadas às primeiras fases do processo de projeto, e que buscam uma maior aproximação dos profissionais projetistas com os conceitos de conforto térmico no ambiente construído. Para a elaboração deste conjunto de recomendações, utilizou-se como parâmetro um método e uma norma existentes, além de uma detalhada análise dos componentes e particularidades climáticas locais. / Towards the high temperatures the city of Ribeirão Preto presents, the thermal comfort became a very important issue in the building design. However, as at other locations, the significant progress of research in thermal comfort in the internal environment does not have been reflected in the practicing professional in the city. The objective of this work is to deliver some recommendations for design building in Ribeirão Preto, under the thermal comfort concept. These are general recommendations and easy to be used, focused at the first project phases, reaching the professionals with the concepts of thermal comfort in the internal environment. For these recommendations, were used as a method a parameter and a standard and a detailed analysis of existing components and features local climate.

My thesis is concerned with design of architecture form representing the context of existing site and in the appropriate manner integrating animal expositions to present to public in the most natural way. The purpose of this project was reaching the understanding of demands between animals and visitors. The designed organic form comes from these needs and also tries to be integated with surrounding area.

Building design can have a major impact on sustainability through material efficiency and construction waste minimisation (CWM). The construction industry consumes over 420 million tonnes of material resources every year and generates 120 million tonnes of waste containing approximately 13 million tonnes of unused materials. The current and on-going field of CWM research is focused on separate project stages with an overwhelming endeavour to manage on-site waste. Although design stages are vital to achieve progress towards CWM, currently, there are insufficient tools for CWM. In recent years, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been adopted to improve sustainable building design, such as energy efficiency and carbon reduction. Very little has been achieved in this field of research to evaluate the use of BIM to aid CWM during design. However, recent literature emphasises a need to carry out further research in this context. This research aims to investigate the use of BIM as a platform to help with CWM during design stages by developing and validating a BIM-aided CWM (BaW) Framework. A mixed research method, known as triangulation, was adopted as the research design method. Research data was collected through a set of data collection methods, i.e. selfadministered postal questionnaire (N=100 distributed, n=50 completed), and semistructured follow-up interviews (n=11) with architects from the top 100 UK architectural companies. Descriptive statistics and constant comparative methods were used for data analysis. The BaW Framework was developed based on the findings of literature review, questionnaire survey and interviews. The BaW Framework validation process included a validation questionnaire (N=6) and validation interviews (N=6) with architects. Key research findings revealed that: BIM has the potential to aid CWM during design; Concept and Design Development stages have major potential in helping waste reduction through BIM; BIM-enhanced practices (i.e. clash detection, detailing, visualisation and simulation, and improved communication and collaboration) have impacts on waste reduction; BIM has the most potential to address waste causes (e.g. ineffective coordination and communication, and design changes); and the BaW Framework has the potential to enable improvements towards waste minimisation throughout all design stages. Participating architects recommended that the adoption of the BaW Framework could enrich both CWM and BIM practices, and most importantly, would enhance waste reduction performance in design. The content should be suitable for project stakeholders, architects in particular, when dealing with construction waste and BIM during design.