The thesis is focused on an analysis of mounting and cable laying fiber optic lines. The first chapter includes an analysis is made comparing parameters fiber and copper cabling, mainly in terms of access networks. This part specifies the various transmission media and access networks that are operated on them. Attention is focused on the transmission rate and its possible impact, provided the capacity and other important values. This section also demands site maintenance, service, or any failure on the routes of these networks. With this goal in the second chapter was created several designs networks that provide insight into possible solutions to the situation for emerging networks, and for upgrading existing networks, using both management and elements of optical and copper, or combinations thereof. Provide information from expert sources and verified directs the work of the future and to clarify further the eventual development of individual technologies. Most other space and offers the potential of optical technology, nature, and therefore the third chapter is fully devoted to only the transmission medium. At the beginning of this section is a theoretical analysis of possible ways of cable laying fiber optic cabling with a comparison of advantages and disadvantages. The most stable is an underground installation, which is costly in standard cases. As a result of these factors proved to be a possible solution using the underground installation of water pipeline shutdown. Therefore, the optical path designed, organized and implemented laying of fiber optic cable. By completing the inspection measurement and evaluation of the cost compared with other ways of installing fiber optic cable.

Augmented Reality enables combining virtual data spaces with real-world environments through visual augmentations, transforming everyday environments into user interfaces of arbitrary type, size, and content. In the past, the development of Augmented Reality was mainly technology-driven. This made head-mounted Mixed Reality devices more common in research, industrial, or personal use cases. However, such devices are always human-centered, making it increasingly important to closely investigate and understand human factors within such applications and environments. Augmented Reality usage can reach from a simple information display to a dedicated device to present and analyze information visualizations. The growing data availability, amount, and complexity amplified the need and wish to generate insights through such visualizations. Those, in turn, can utilize human visual perception and Augmented Reality’s natural interactions, the potential to display three-dimensional data, or the stereoscopic display. In my thesis, I aim to deepen the understanding of how Augmented Reality applications must be designed to optimally adhere to human factors and ergonomics, especially in the area of visual data analysis. To address this challenge, I ground my thesis on three research questions: (1) How can we design such applications in a human-centered way? (2) What influence does the real-world environment have within such applications? (3) How can AR applications be combined with existing systems and devices? To answer those research questions, I explore different human properties and real-world environments that can affect the same environment’s augmentations. For human factors, I investigate the competence in working with visualizations as visualization literacy, the visual perception of visualizations, and physical ergonomics like head movement. Regarding the environment, I examine two main factors: the visual background’s influence on reading and working with immersive visualizations and the possibility of using alternative placement areas in Augmented Reality. Lastly, to explore future Augmented Reality systems, I designed and implemented Hybrid User Interfaces and authoring tools for immersive environments. Throughout the different projects, I used empirical, qualitative, and iterative methods in studying and designing immersive visualizations and applications. With that, I contribute to understanding how developers can apply human and environmental parameters for designing and creating future AR applications, especially for visual data analysis. / Augmented Reality ermöglicht es, die reale Welt mit virtuellen Datenräume durch visuelle Augmentierungen zu kombinieren. Somit werden alltägliche Umgebungen in Benutzeroberflächen beliebiger Art, Größe und beliebigen Inhalts verwandelt. In der Vergangenheit war die Entwicklung von Augmented Reality hauptsächlich technologiegetrieben. Folglich fanden head-mounted Mixed Reality Geräte immer häufiger in der Forschung, Industrie oder im privaten Bereich anwendung. Da die Geräte jedoch immer auf den Menschen ausgerichtet sind, wird es immer wichtiger die menschlichen Faktoren in solchen Anwendungen und Umgebungen genau zu untersuchen. Die Nutzung von Augmented Reality kann von einer einfachen Informationsanzeige bis hin zur Darstellung und Analyse von Informationsvisualisierungen reichen. Die wachsende Datenverfügbarkeit, -menge und -komplexität verstärkte den Bedarf und Wunsch, durch solche Visualisierungen Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen. Diese wiederum können die menschliche visuelle Wahrnehmung und die durch Augmented Reality bereitgestellte natürlichen Interaktion und die Darstellung dreidimensionale and stereoskopische Daten nutzen. In meiner Dissertation möchte ich das Verständnis dafür vertiefen, wie Augmented Reality-Anwendungen gestaltet werden müssen, um menschliche Faktoren und Ergonomie optimal zu berücksichtigen, insbesondere im Bereich der visuellen Datenanalyse. Hierbei stütze ich mich in meiner Arbeit auf drei Forschungsfragen: (1) Wie können solche Anwendungen menschenzentriert gestaltet werden? (2) Welchen Einfluss hat die reale Umgebung auf solche Anwendungen? (3) Wie können AR Anwendungen mit existierenden Systemen und Geräten kombiniert werden? Um diese Forschungsfragen zu beantworten, untersuche ich verschiedene menschliche und Umgebungseigenschaften, die sich auf die Augmentierungen derselben Umgebung auswirken können. Für menschliche Faktoren untersuche ich die Kompetenz im Umgang mit Visualisierungen als ``Visualization Literacy'', die visuelle Wahrnehmung von Visualisierungen, und physische Ergonomie wie Kopfbewegungen. In Bezug auf die Umgebung untersuche ich zwei Hauptfaktoren: den Einfluss des visuellen Hintergrunds auf das Lesen und Arbeiten mit immersiven Visualisierungen und die Möglichkeit der Verwendung alternativer Platzierungsbereiche in Augmented Reality. Um zukünftige Augmented Reality-Systeme zu erforschen, habe ich schließlich Hybride Benutzerschnittstellen und Konfigurationstools für immersive Umgebungen entworfen und implementiert. Während der verschiedenen Projekte habe ich empirische, qualitative und iterative Methoden bei der Untersuchung und Gestaltung von immersiven Visualisierungen und Anwendungen eingesetzt. Damit trage ich zum Verständnis bei, wie Entwickler menschliche und umbebungsbezogene Parameter für die Gestaltung und Erstellung zukünftiger AR-Anwendungen, insbesondere für die visuelle Datenanalyse, nutzen können.

From the Proceedings of the 1972 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - May 5-6, 1972, Prescott, Arizona / Water information systems may have different demands, such as responding to queries about rainfall-runoff relationships, water level data, water quality data and water use. Data required for retrieval may need display, such as a hydrograph. Information systems are reviewed and results of specific water information agencies are reported. Agencies in Arizona are listed with their specific water information need. Development of a water activity file and water information system is outlined for Arizona as a pilot project. Linkage of units within the data system is shown, as is the information system's questionnaire to project leaders. Information currently in the system includes water quality from the state department of health for 450 wells in the Tucson basin, and water level, storage, storage coefficient and transmissivity supplied by the Arizona water commission for the Tucson basin and Avra Valley. Quality of data submitted to the system should be reflected in retrieval for better understanding of the data. This consideration is planned for the coming fiscal year.

The proven ability to ferment Saccharomyces cerevisiae on a large scale presents an attractive target for producing chemicals and fuels from sustainable sources. Efficient and predominant carbon flux through to ethanol is a significant engineering issue in the development of this yeast as a multi-product cell chassis used in biorefineries. In order to evaluate diversion of carbon flux away from ethanol, combinatorial deletions were investigated in genes encoding the six isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which catalyse the terminal step in ethanol production. The scarless, dominant and counter- selectable amdSYM gene deletion method was optimised for generation of a combinatorial ADH knockout library in an industrially relevant strain of S. cerevisiae. Current understanding of the individual ADH genes fails to fully evaluate genotype-by-genotype and genotype-by-environment interactions: rather, further research of such a complex biological process requires a multivariate mathematical modelling approach. Application of such an approach using the Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology is appraised here as essential for detailed empirical evaluation of complex systems. DoE provided empirical evidence that in S. cerevisiae: i) the ADH2 gene is not associated with producing ethanol under anaerobic culture conditions in combination with 25 g l-1 glucose substrate concentrations; ii) ADH4 is associated with increased ethanol production when the cell is confronted with a zinc-limited [1 μM] environment; and iii) ADH5 is linked with the production of ethanol, predominantly at pH 4.5. A successful metabolic engineering strategy is detailed which increases the product portfolio of S. cerevisiae, currently used for large-scale production of bioethanol. Heterologous expression of the cytochrome P450 fatty acid peroxygenase from Jeotgalicoccus sp., OleTJE, fused to the RhFRED reductase from Rhodococcus sp. NCIMB 978 converted free fatty acid precursors to C13, C15 and C17 alkenes (3.81 ng μl-1 total alkene concentration).