Este trabalho busca entender como o usuário final foi abordado durante o processo de desenvolvimento de produto (PDP) em uma empresa de carrocerias de ônibus, para tanto foi realizada uma análise deste processo. Tanto na teoria do Design como na da Administração estudada, o usuário deve ser um dos fatores principais na concepção do produto e da oportunidade de mercado, dado que, geralmente, as empresas de carrocerias de ônibus não abordavam diretamente as necessidades do usuário em seus PDP, conforme mostra a bibliografia. O estudo de caso foi realizado sobre o projeto de um ônibus rodoviário e no PDP identificado, no qual o usuário final teve suas necessidades identificadas por pesquisa de mercado realizada pela própria empresa. Como resultado houve uma nova configuração do espaço interior do veículo, demonstrando que o projeto anterior, que não possuía atributos desenvolvidos com foco nas necessidades, estava provavelmente em dissonância com o usuário final. O estudo também demonstra que a estrutura e a política interna da empresa têm influência no resultado do projeto de design. / This dissertation analyzes the product development process (PDP) of a coach bodybuilder to understand how the End User has been addressed during this process, given the fact that the design and administration studied theories addresses that the User must be a major factor to assign the product and market opportunity. However, the literature review also indicated that, usually, companies such as Brazilian coach bodybuilder did not address directly the user’s needs. The case study was conducted on the design of a touring coach and the PDP identified End User needs by means of a market research conducted by the company. As a result there was a new configuration of the interior space, showing that the previous model, which did not possess attributes focused on the user’s needs, was probably at odds with the End User. The study also shows that the corporate structure and internal politics influence the outcome of the project design.

Este trabalho busca entender como o usuário final foi abordado durante o processo de desenvolvimento de produto (PDP) em uma empresa de carrocerias de ônibus, para tanto foi realizada uma análise deste processo. Tanto na teoria do Design como na da Administração estudada, o usuário deve ser um dos fatores principais na concepção do produto e da oportunidade de mercado, dado que, geralmente, as empresas de carrocerias de ônibus não abordavam diretamente as necessidades do usuário em seus PDP, conforme mostra a bibliografia. O estudo de caso foi realizado sobre o projeto de um ônibus rodoviário e no PDP identificado, no qual o usuário final teve suas necessidades identificadas por pesquisa de mercado realizada pela própria empresa. Como resultado houve uma nova configuração do espaço interior do veículo, demonstrando que o projeto anterior, que não possuía atributos desenvolvidos com foco nas necessidades, estava provavelmente em dissonância com o usuário final. O estudo também demonstra que a estrutura e a política interna da empresa têm influência no resultado do projeto de design. / This dissertation analyzes the product development process (PDP) of a coach bodybuilder to understand how the End User has been addressed during this process, given the fact that the design and administration studied theories addresses that the User must be a major factor to assign the product and market opportunity. However, the literature review also indicated that, usually, companies such as Brazilian coach bodybuilder did not address directly the user’s needs. The case study was conducted on the design of a touring coach and the PDP identified End User needs by means of a market research conducted by the company. As a result there was a new configuration of the interior space, showing that the previous model, which did not possess attributes focused on the user’s needs, was probably at odds with the End User. The study also shows that the corporate structure and internal politics influence the outcome of the project design.

Este trabalho busca entender como o usuário final foi abordado durante o processo de desenvolvimento de produto (PDP) em uma empresa de carrocerias de ônibus, para tanto foi realizada uma análise deste processo. Tanto na teoria do Design como na da Administração estudada, o usuário deve ser um dos fatores principais na concepção do produto e da oportunidade de mercado, dado que, geralmente, as empresas de carrocerias de ônibus não abordavam diretamente as necessidades do usuário em seus PDP, conforme mostra a bibliografia. O estudo de caso foi realizado sobre o projeto de um ônibus rodoviário e no PDP identificado, no qual o usuário final teve suas necessidades identificadas por pesquisa de mercado realizada pela própria empresa. Como resultado houve uma nova configuração do espaço interior do veículo, demonstrando que o projeto anterior, que não possuía atributos desenvolvidos com foco nas necessidades, estava provavelmente em dissonância com o usuário final. O estudo também demonstra que a estrutura e a política interna da empresa têm influência no resultado do projeto de design. / This dissertation analyzes the product development process (PDP) of a coach bodybuilder to understand how the End User has been addressed during this process, given the fact that the design and administration studied theories addresses that the User must be a major factor to assign the product and market opportunity. However, the literature review also indicated that, usually, companies such as Brazilian coach bodybuilder did not address directly the user’s needs. The case study was conducted on the design of a touring coach and the PDP identified End User needs by means of a market research conducted by the company. As a result there was a new configuration of the interior space, showing that the previous model, which did not possess attributes focused on the user’s needs, was probably at odds with the End User. The study also shows that the corporate structure and internal politics influence the outcome of the project design.

In this paper, we introduce a novel congestion control algorithm for TCP over multihop IEEE 802.11 wireless networks implementing rate-based scheduling of transmissions within the TCP congestion window. We show how a TCP sender can adapt its transmission rate close to the optimum using an estimate of the current 4-hop propagation delay and the coefficient of variation of recently measured round-trip times. The novel TCP variant is denoted as TCP with Adaptive Pacing (TCP-AP). Opposed to previous proposals for improving TCP over multihop IEEE 802.11 networks, TCP-AP retains the end-to-end semantics of TCP and does neither rely on modifications on the routing or the link layer nor requires cross-layer information from intermediate nodes along the path. A comprehensive simulation study using ns-2 shows that TCP-AP achieves up to 84% more goodput than TCP NewReno, provides excellent fairness in almost all scenarios, and is highly responsive to changing traffic conditions.

GTS är en stiftelse som jobbar mot att introducera ett nytt transportsystem – ett generellt transportsystem (GTS är namnet på själva systemet samt stiftelsen). Systemet ska ge samma tillgänglighet som bilen, samma kapacitet som tunnelbana och samma hastighet som höghastighetståg. GTS är en stiftelse som mestadels består av ingenjörer, som vill göra en radikal förändring till dagens transportmiljö. Eftersom att stiftelsen är uppbyggd av ingenjörer har dem väldigt bra koll på de tekniska aspekterna och hur konceptet ska fungera men tyvärr ingen kompetens eller expertis inom design. Eftersom att hela design-delen av konceptet idag är helt avsaknad förlorar konceptet sin slagkraftighet då de tekniska innovationerna inte har en visuellt konceptualiserad motsvarighet. I fig. 1 och 2 visas GTS nuvarande visualiseringar och estetiska riktning. Jag kommer då skapa denna motsvarighet till GTS strikta tekniska läggning för att få ett bra och välutvecklat koncept som helhet. Detta kan uppnås då det som egentligen fattas är kabinens design.  Då GTS idag håller på att söka pengar för att kunna starta byggnationen av projektet på riktigt behövs både något underlag för hur kabinen ska se ut för att få folk intresserade och nyfikna på projektet. När byggnationen av projektet tar fart kan mitt arbete ses som ett första koncept på hur det skulle kunna se ut och användas som ett första utkast för den slutgiltiga layouten GTS kommer att utveckla i framtiden.

In a research part, this diploma thesis deals with dividing incubators into groups according to their kind of use. From the groups biological incubators have been chosen to describe their construction, to explain possibilities of doing sampling and temperature and CO2 control. The research part is concluded by an overview of biological transport incubators for a transfer of cell cultures. In the part of the thesis which deals with a new construction solution some variations are suggested. The most suitable variation has been chosen after a structural technological description, and it is further described in a constructional solution. The frame of the incubator is made from aluminium alloy and is controlled by FEM. There are individual structural nodes being explained and visualised step by step in the construction solution. In the end of the construction solving some information about making the construction and prices of all continuing manufacture are stated.

Zukünftige Hyperschalltransportsysteme unterliegen umfangreichen technischen, physikalischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Anforderungen. Im Detail sind diese Anforderungen stark untereinander verknüpft und somit ist eine multidisziplinäre Behandlung bei einem Entwurf von Hyperschall-Konfigurationen notwendig. Mit Hilfe höherwertiger numerischer Verfahren, wie CFD und FEM, sowie wachsender parallelisierter Rechensysteme lässt sich der Hyperschall-Entwurfsprozess in einen multidisziplinären Optimierungsprozess (MDO-Prozess) überführen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird daher ein neu entwickeltes Optimierungswerkzeug für den Vorentwurf von Hyperschall-Flugzeugen vorgestellt, welches die wichtigsten Aspekte der Aerodynamik, der Strukturmechanik, der Flugmechanik, der Antriebsintegration und der Missionsanalyse in einer multidisziplinären Analyse vereint. Alle Teilprozesse werden vollständig automatisiert und in den Analyseprozess integriert. Nach geometrischen Änderungen am Konfigurationsdesign erfolgt eine Aktualisierung des gesamten Entwurfs mit abschließender Leistungsbewertung. Die Funktionalität und Kapazität dieses MDO-Prozesses wird erfolgreich an einem existierenden Hyperschallentwurf, der HYCAT-1A, demonstriert. / Future hypersonic transport systems are characterized by extensive and strongly coupled technical, physical, economic and environmental requirements. Hence a multidisciplinary approach for preliminary design studies is necessary. Using high-fidelity numerical tools, e.g. CFD and FEM, on large-scale computer systems the hypersonic design process can be transformed into a multidisciplinary optimization process (MDO process). Thus in the present work a newly developed optimization tool is presented considering aerodynamic, structural, engine and mission characteristics. All sub-processes are integrated in a fully automated analysis environment. During the optimization the outer geometry is changed and all sub-processes are updated accordingly to evaluate the design performance. The functionality and possibilities of the developed MDO process are successfully shown on an existing hypersonic design, the HYCAT-1A configuration.

Nowadays international companies wish to relocate their production to developing countries in Asia. The product design is often developed in Europe and is, therefore, not always adapted to the production (transport and manufacture conditions) present in the country of manufacture. The consequence is less qualitative products e.g. distribution transformers of ABB Vietnam get damaged during transport; a problem none existing in Europe. The purpose of the project was to develop the design of distribution transformers for ABB Vietnam, so they better withstand the transport conditions. This Bachelor Degree Project in Integrated Product Development follow a general design process typically for product development and is divided into four main phases. The four faces are; Exploration (of the ill-defined problem space), Generation (of concepts), Evaluation (of the design proposals), and Communication (of the final design solution). Methodologies as literature studies and empirical investigations (observations and interviews) performed at the ABB Vietnam factory in Hanoi provided information about the problem space and a brief overview of the production of ABB transformers. In the study it emerged that the underlying problem was due to both the structure of the product and the infrastructure of the country, e.g. extreme road conditions, lower standard of transportation means etc. Design methodologies were implemented to systematically create ideas, generate and evaluate a number of concepts. The final design concept chosen was simulated to behaviour adequately of transport in real life to verify that the concept manage its purpose. The concept can be further improved and optimised. The outcome of the study revealed the possibilities of improvement, designers can contribute to increased quality of products by understanding the country of manufacture. The thesis is intended to enlighten people working with product development what they shall consider when designing for transportation, and may be used as a practical example of similar problems. The final design concept is an external support frame attached to the transformer to enhance support and contribute to improved quality – especially under extreme road conditions. / Internationella företag vill idag flytta sin produktion till utvecklingsländer i Asien. Deras produkter vars design har utvecklats i Europa är därmed inte alltid anpassade till transport- och tillverkningsförhållanden som finns i tillverkningslandet. Konsekvensen blir mindre kvalitativa produkter. Ett exempel på detta problem är distributionstransformatorer från ABB Vietnam som skadas under vägtransporter pga. dåliga vägar, ett problem som är omärkbart i Europa. Syftet med projektet var därför att analysera och utveckla designen av distributionstransformatorer, för ABB Vietnam, så att de bättre klarar av de svåra vägtransporterna. Detta examensarbete inom Integrerad Produktutveckling följer den allmänna designprocessen typiskt för produktutveckling och består av fyra faser som inkluderar Utforskning (av det vagt definierade problemområdet), Generering (av koncept), Utvärdering (av designförslag) och Kommunicering (av det slutgiltiga designförslaget). Metoder som litteraturstudier och empiriska undersökningar (observationer och intervjuer) utfördes på ABB Vietnam, i fabriken som ligger i Hanoi. Därifrån uppdagades information om problemområdet och en översikt över produktionen av ABB transformatorer. I studien framkom att det underliggande problemet berodde på en kombination av produktens struktur och landets infrastruktur t.ex. extrema vägförhållanden, lägre standard för transportmedel, etc. För att systematiskt skapa nya idéer implementerades diverse designmetoder, för att utveckla och värdera ett antal koncept. Det slutliga designkonceptet som valdes simulerades med avseende på verkliga transportförhållanden för att verifiera att konceptet kommer att motstå dessa påkänningar. Konceptet kan förbättras och optimeras ytterligare. Resultatet av studien visade att designers kan bidra till förbättringar och öka kvaliteten på produkter genom att förstå förhållanden i tillverkningslandet. Studien syftar till att upplysa vad de som arbetar med produktutveckling ska tänka på när de designar för transport och den kan användas som ett praktiskt exempel för liknande problem. Det slutliga designkonceptet är en extra stödram fäst på transformatorn för att öka transformatorns hållbarhet och förbättra kvaliteten - särskilt under extrema vägförhållanden.

The text of the thesis deals with the purchase of public transport fares in terms of user- friendliness and usability. The aim is to map the area of fare purchase theoretically and practically, including the user perspective. The theoretical ground is the concepts of User Experience, User Interface, Human-computer Interaction, smart city, the theory of the city as an interface. Important parts are also the theoretical aspects of the User Experience in the city environment. Literature review of current research in public transport ticketing systems with user-friendliness perspective presents current topics in the field of public transport ticketing. The practical part of the thesis describes the public transport ticketing systems in Prague and Copenhagen in detail, their possibilities, rules, and specifics. Primary research in the form of semi-structured interviews provides insight into the User Experience and reveals the perceived advantages and disadvantages of local systems.

The diploma thesis deals with preparation and realization of D1 reconstruction of D1-212 bridge in Ostrovačice. It is a motorway bridge that transfers traffic over road II / 386. The reconstruction will demolish the superstructure of bridge with bridge equipment and parts of the abutments and their new construction. The preparation of the project solves the engineering report, the block plan drawing, the financial and time schedule - by objects, the budget SO 201, the study of the implementation of the main construction technologys, the project of the site equipment, the design of the main building machines, the SO 201 time schedule, a desigh of the bill of quantities for structure, technical note for superstructure of a bridge and control and test plans. Part of the preparation of the building is the processing of the emergency plan.