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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Improved extended detention basin performance through better residence time control

Middleton, John Rob 08 September 2015 (has links)
Extended detention basins are not used for stormwater quality management in many areas of the US because they generally do not achieve the 80% removal of total suspended solids required by many regulatory agencies. The objective of this research was modification of the outlet controls of an existing basin to provide batch treatment of the urban stormwater runoff through efficient control of the hydraulic residence time. A solar powered automated valve and controller were developed and placed on the outlet of an extended detention basin in Austin, Texas to increase the detention time beyond the times achievable using an orifice. This system retained the diverted runoff in the basin for a variable preset period of time. The quality of the influent and effluent of the basin was monitored for concentrations of suspended solids, nutrients, chemical oxygen demand. and total and dissolved metals. The suspended solids concentrations in the basin were controlled by adjusting the residence time of the runoff in the basin to meet the required pollutant reduction. The automated valve can also be used to regulate flow into the receiving waters to control peak flow.
2

Proposta de metodologia de cálculo para reservatórios de detenção em bacias hidrográficas urbanizadas / Proposed methodology for calculation of tanks detention in watershed urbanized

Assunção, Vitor Rafael de Andrade 29 May 2012 (has links)
Diversos são os transtornos causados pelas inundações dentre os quais se destacam problemas ambientais, sanitários, de perdas materiais e humanas. Os maiores agentes destas inundações são o crescimento urbano não planejado, que ocasiona a impermeabilização indiscriminada das áreas urbanas gerando maior volume escoado, e a ocupação de várzeas. As bacias de detenção são caracterizadas por sua destinação ao amortecimento dos picos de cheias por meio da contenção de parte do volume escoado superficialmente. No presente trabalho fez-se uma proposta de pré-dimensionamento de bacias de detenção, fundamentada no método racional e associada a relações IDF, que permite o cálculo dos volumes de detenção. A viabilidade e segurança do modelo foram verificadas comparando a proposta desenvolvida com metodologias consagradas entre projetistas, sendo utilizado como referência o procedimento desenvolvido por Porto (2002). De modo a permitir uma melhor avaliação dos métodos estudados foram analisadas interferências relativas às mudanças no tempo de concentração da bacia e na duração dos eventos chuvosos. O processo proposto apresentou resultados satisfatórios quando aplicado à bacia do córrego do Andrezinho na cidade de Pirassununga, São Paulo, assegurando em seus melhores ajustes diferenças máximas da ordem de 5% do volume estimado como ideal. / Several disorders are occurred by the floods of which are highlighted environmental issues, sanitary, of human and material losses. The main agent of these floods is the unplanned urban growth which causes sealing of urban areas generating higher volumes disposed. The detention ponds are characterized by their allocation to the dampening of flood peaks through retention of part of surface runoff. The present work proposes the pre-sizing of detention basins, based on rational method and associated with IDF relations which allows the calculation of the volumes of detention. The feasibility and safety of the model were verified by comparing the proposal with methods traditionally developed between designers, being used as reference the procedure developed by Porto (2002). In order to allow a better evaluation of the methods studied were analyzed interferences related to changes in the watershed concentration time and duration of rainfall events. The proposed method showed good results when applied to the basin of the Andrezinho stream in the city of Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, ensuring in their optimum settings with maximum differences about 5% of the volume estimated as ideal.
3

Proposta de metodologia de cálculo para reservatórios de detenção em bacias hidrográficas urbanizadas / Proposed methodology for calculation of tanks detention in watershed urbanized

Vitor Rafael de Andrade Assunção 29 May 2012 (has links)
Diversos são os transtornos causados pelas inundações dentre os quais se destacam problemas ambientais, sanitários, de perdas materiais e humanas. Os maiores agentes destas inundações são o crescimento urbano não planejado, que ocasiona a impermeabilização indiscriminada das áreas urbanas gerando maior volume escoado, e a ocupação de várzeas. As bacias de detenção são caracterizadas por sua destinação ao amortecimento dos picos de cheias por meio da contenção de parte do volume escoado superficialmente. No presente trabalho fez-se uma proposta de pré-dimensionamento de bacias de detenção, fundamentada no método racional e associada a relações IDF, que permite o cálculo dos volumes de detenção. A viabilidade e segurança do modelo foram verificadas comparando a proposta desenvolvida com metodologias consagradas entre projetistas, sendo utilizado como referência o procedimento desenvolvido por Porto (2002). De modo a permitir uma melhor avaliação dos métodos estudados foram analisadas interferências relativas às mudanças no tempo de concentração da bacia e na duração dos eventos chuvosos. O processo proposto apresentou resultados satisfatórios quando aplicado à bacia do córrego do Andrezinho na cidade de Pirassununga, São Paulo, assegurando em seus melhores ajustes diferenças máximas da ordem de 5% do volume estimado como ideal. / Several disorders are occurred by the floods of which are highlighted environmental issues, sanitary, of human and material losses. The main agent of these floods is the unplanned urban growth which causes sealing of urban areas generating higher volumes disposed. The detention ponds are characterized by their allocation to the dampening of flood peaks through retention of part of surface runoff. The present work proposes the pre-sizing of detention basins, based on rational method and associated with IDF relations which allows the calculation of the volumes of detention. The feasibility and safety of the model were verified by comparing the proposal with methods traditionally developed between designers, being used as reference the procedure developed by Porto (2002). In order to allow a better evaluation of the methods studied were analyzed interferences related to changes in the watershed concentration time and duration of rainfall events. The proposed method showed good results when applied to the basin of the Andrezinho stream in the city of Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, ensuring in their optimum settings with maximum differences about 5% of the volume estimated as ideal.
4

Characterizing the Impact of Freshwater Salinization on Engineered Ecosystems: Implications for Performance, Resilience, and Self-Repair Through Phytoremediation

Long, Samuel Bowen 15 June 2023 (has links)
Stormwater detention basins are commonly used in the Eastern United States to temporarily store and attenuate stormwater runoff, and also serve as habitats for native and exotic plants. However, during winter, these basins receive saline runoff from road salt application, which contributes to Freshwater Salinization Syndrome (FSS). Since limited research has connected direct measurement of soil and stormwater salinities to biodiversity and phytoremediation potential of salt-tolerant plant species, this thesis aimed to fill this gap. We selected a set of detention basins draining mostly pervious areas, parking lots, or roads in Northern Virginia and measured temporal variations in stormwater and soil salinities, depth profiles of soil salinities, plant community composition, and plant tissue ion concentration. The results indicated elevated levels of sodium, chloride, electrical conductivity (EC), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)/sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in soil and stormwater after road salt application during winter, followed by a decrease during the growing season for basins draining parking lots and roads. A subsequent increase at the end of the season was observed for all site types. While some stormwater samples exceeded toxicity thresholds, most soil samples did not exceed their respective thresholds nor reach saline or sodic conditions, and native and exotic plant species of both salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant classifications were observed at almost all sites, although proportions of each varied by site type. Tissue analysis of select plants revealed ionic concentrations that generally coincided with observed soil and stormwater concentrations at each major site type. These findings have implications for future detention basin planting regimes to mitigate FSS, and the thesis discusses native plants found to provide the most benefit for phytoremediation. / Master of Science / Stormwater detention basins are commonly used in the Eastern United States. They slowly release stormwater runoff and serve as habitats for native and exotic plants. However, during winter, these basins receive saline runoff from road salt application. This contributes to Freshwater Salinization Syndrome (FSS). Limited research has connected direct measurement of soil and stormwater salinities to biodiversity and plants' ability to uptake salts, so this thesis aimed to fill this gap. A set of detention basins draining mostly pervious areas, parking lots, or roads in Northern Virginia were selected. Next, stormwater and soil salinities over time, depth profiles of soil salinities, plant community composition, and plant tissue ion concentration were measured. The results showed higher levels of standard salinity benchmarks in soil and stormwater after road salt application during winter, followed by a decrease during the growing season for parking lot and road sites. A final increase in the fall was observed for all site types. While some stormwater samples were toxic to plants, most soil samples were not toxic, saline, or sodic. Also, native and exotic plant species of both salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant classifications were observed at almost all sites, but proportions of each varied by site type. Plant tissues contained ionic concentrations that reflected observed soil and stormwater concentrations at each site type. These findings can inform future detention basin planting regimes to mitigate FSS. The thesis also discusses native plants that provide benefits for phytoremediation.
5

Zdravotně technické instalace výrobních budov / Plumbing Systems for Manufacturing Building

Čupr, Pavel January 2016 (has links)
This thesis addresses plumbing systems for manufacturing building. The theoretical part explores ways of draining stormwater. Experimental part is measuring consumption of water. Project part solves plumbing systems in specified manufacturing building.
6

EVALUATION OF A SEQUENTIAL POND SYSTEM FOR DETENTION AND TREATMENT OF RUNOFF AT SKYPARK, SANTA'S VILLAGE

Caporuscio, Elizabeth 01 December 2018 (has links)
Understanding the extent to which human activities impact surface water resources has become increasingly important as both human population growth and related landscape changes impact water quality and quantity across varying geographical scales. Skypark, Santa’s Village is a 233.76-acre tourism-based outdoor recreation area located in Skyforest, California residing within the San Bernardino National Forest. The park is situated at Hooks Creek, the headwaters of the Mojave River Watershed, and is characterized by a diverse landscape that includes forest cover and human development, including impervious surfaces, a restored meadow, and recreational trails. In 2016, Hencks Meadow was considered degraded by human activity and restored by the Natural Resources Conservation Services (NRCS) using best management practices (BMPs) to manage stormwater runoff and mitigate pollutants entering recreational downstream surface water. Three BMP detention basins were constructed to store and improve water quality from stormwater runoff. The purpose of this study is to observe the extent to which the engineered BMP detention basins design were effective in mitigating stormwater pollution from entering Hooks Creek. Over a six to eight month period (January to August), ponds were tested in situ bi-weekly for temperature (ºC), dissolved oxygen (mg/L), pH, turbidity (NTU), conductivity (µS/cm), nitrate (mg/L), and ammonium (mg/L), with additional laboratory tests for total suspended solids (mg/L), total dissolved solids (mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (mg/L), total coliform (MPN/100mL), Escherichia coli (MPN/100mL), and trace metals (µg/L). The results of this study support that the BMP design is improving surface stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces before it enters Hooks Creek. Findings could also promote the design and implementation of stormwater BMP detention basins at other site locations where water degradation is evident. Furthermore, this research can be used to promote the necessary improvement of water quality and quantity on a widespread geographical scale.
7

Otimização para controle de alagamentos urbanos : aplicação na bacia hidrográfica da vila Santa Isabel em Viamão, RS

Hüffner, Anelise Nardi January 2013 (has links)
O crescimento rápido e descontrolado da urbanização, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, vem provocando impactos significativos tanto no meio ambiente quanto para a própria população. A existência de áreas altamente impermeabilizadas traz como consequência o aumento do volume escoado superficialmente, causando aumento nas vazões máximas de até seis vezes a vazão de pré-urbanização. Surge, então, a necessidade de alternativas que solucionem ou reduzem os problemas relacionados ao aumento do volume escoado, não somente que os transfira para outro local. Neste sentido, pode-se aplicar as Melhores Práticas de Gestão (Best Management Practices – BMPs), medidas que servem no gerenciamento das águas pluviais em áreas urbanas, destacando-se os reservatórios de detenção. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um método para avaliar a minimização do impacto hidrológico de uma bacia urbanizada para que ela se comporte de maneira hidrologicamente semelhante às condições de pré-urbanização, analisando os custos de implantação de bacias de detenção para evitar alagamentos à jusante. Para isso, fez-se uso de simulação hidrológica com modelo IPHS1 para determinação dos hidrogramas de saída dos afluentes da bacia estudada. O dimensionamento dos reservatórios foi realizado com a aplicação do método da curvaenvelope e a escolha dos melhores locais para implantação deu-se a partir da análise dos hidrogramas. Com isso, ajustaram-se funções do tipo Qp=f(V). Estas funções foram utilizadas no modelo de otimização não-linear, considerando-se diferentes restrições de custo. A área de estudo corresponde à bacia hidrográfica Mãe D’água, de 3,39 km², localizada na Vila Santa Isabel no município de Viamão/RS. Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação de uma técnica de otimização associada a um modelo hidrológico mostrou-se útil na avaliação dos custos de projetos de controle do escoamento pluvial (bacias de detenção) urbano para a bacia estudada, podendo servir como material de consulta para o Poder Público e Privado. Além disso, mesmo sem disponibilidade de dados hidrológicos observados e informações mais detalhadas acerca do processo de urbanização da área de estudo, é possível, através da aplicação da metodologia apresentada, desenvolver cenários para análise do aumento da zona urbana e quantificação do impacto hidrológico, para que assim o problema identificado seja minimizado. / The rapid and uncontrolled urbanization, especially in developing countries, has led to significant impacts on both the environment and people themselves. The existence of highly impermeable areas brings as consequence the increase in surface runoff volume, causing an increase in peak flows up to six times the pre-urbanization flow. This requires thus, the need of alternatives to solve or reduce the problems related to the increased volume disposed, and not only transferring it to another location. In this context, the Best Management Practices (BMPs) can be implemented, which are measures for managing storm water in urban areas as, for example, the detention reservoirs. Thus, this work aims to develop a method to evaluate the hydrological impact minimization of an urbanized basin, so that it can behave hydrologically similar to pre-urbanization conditions, analyzing deployment costs of detention basins to prevent flooding downstream. Hence, a hydrologic simulation model with IPHS1 has been used to determine the studied basin tributaries output hydrographs. The reservoirs sizing was evaluated with the application of the Envelope-Curve Method and the choice of the best localizations for their implantation was done by analyzing the hydrographs. Therefore, functions as Qp=f (V) were fitted. These functions were used in the nonlinear optimization model considering different costs constraints. The study area represents the Mãe D’água watershed, with 3,39 km², located at Vila Santa Isabel in Viamão/RS. The results showed that the application of an optimization technique associated with a hydrological model has proven to be useful in storm water runoff control projects costs evaluation (detention basins) for the urban study area and may serve as reference material for Government and Private institutions. Moreover, even without the availability of observed hydrological data and detailed information about the process of urbanization in the study area, it is possible, through the application of the presented methodology, to develop scenarios for analyzing the urban zone expansion and quantification of hydrological impact, in order to minimize the identified problem.
8

Otimização para controle de alagamentos urbanos : aplicação na bacia hidrográfica da vila Santa Isabel em Viamão, RS

Hüffner, Anelise Nardi January 2013 (has links)
O crescimento rápido e descontrolado da urbanização, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, vem provocando impactos significativos tanto no meio ambiente quanto para a própria população. A existência de áreas altamente impermeabilizadas traz como consequência o aumento do volume escoado superficialmente, causando aumento nas vazões máximas de até seis vezes a vazão de pré-urbanização. Surge, então, a necessidade de alternativas que solucionem ou reduzem os problemas relacionados ao aumento do volume escoado, não somente que os transfira para outro local. Neste sentido, pode-se aplicar as Melhores Práticas de Gestão (Best Management Practices – BMPs), medidas que servem no gerenciamento das águas pluviais em áreas urbanas, destacando-se os reservatórios de detenção. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um método para avaliar a minimização do impacto hidrológico de uma bacia urbanizada para que ela se comporte de maneira hidrologicamente semelhante às condições de pré-urbanização, analisando os custos de implantação de bacias de detenção para evitar alagamentos à jusante. Para isso, fez-se uso de simulação hidrológica com modelo IPHS1 para determinação dos hidrogramas de saída dos afluentes da bacia estudada. O dimensionamento dos reservatórios foi realizado com a aplicação do método da curvaenvelope e a escolha dos melhores locais para implantação deu-se a partir da análise dos hidrogramas. Com isso, ajustaram-se funções do tipo Qp=f(V). Estas funções foram utilizadas no modelo de otimização não-linear, considerando-se diferentes restrições de custo. A área de estudo corresponde à bacia hidrográfica Mãe D’água, de 3,39 km², localizada na Vila Santa Isabel no município de Viamão/RS. Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação de uma técnica de otimização associada a um modelo hidrológico mostrou-se útil na avaliação dos custos de projetos de controle do escoamento pluvial (bacias de detenção) urbano para a bacia estudada, podendo servir como material de consulta para o Poder Público e Privado. Além disso, mesmo sem disponibilidade de dados hidrológicos observados e informações mais detalhadas acerca do processo de urbanização da área de estudo, é possível, através da aplicação da metodologia apresentada, desenvolver cenários para análise do aumento da zona urbana e quantificação do impacto hidrológico, para que assim o problema identificado seja minimizado. / The rapid and uncontrolled urbanization, especially in developing countries, has led to significant impacts on both the environment and people themselves. The existence of highly impermeable areas brings as consequence the increase in surface runoff volume, causing an increase in peak flows up to six times the pre-urbanization flow. This requires thus, the need of alternatives to solve or reduce the problems related to the increased volume disposed, and not only transferring it to another location. In this context, the Best Management Practices (BMPs) can be implemented, which are measures for managing storm water in urban areas as, for example, the detention reservoirs. Thus, this work aims to develop a method to evaluate the hydrological impact minimization of an urbanized basin, so that it can behave hydrologically similar to pre-urbanization conditions, analyzing deployment costs of detention basins to prevent flooding downstream. Hence, a hydrologic simulation model with IPHS1 has been used to determine the studied basin tributaries output hydrographs. The reservoirs sizing was evaluated with the application of the Envelope-Curve Method and the choice of the best localizations for their implantation was done by analyzing the hydrographs. Therefore, functions as Qp=f (V) were fitted. These functions were used in the nonlinear optimization model considering different costs constraints. The study area represents the Mãe D’água watershed, with 3,39 km², located at Vila Santa Isabel in Viamão/RS. The results showed that the application of an optimization technique associated with a hydrological model has proven to be useful in storm water runoff control projects costs evaluation (detention basins) for the urban study area and may serve as reference material for Government and Private institutions. Moreover, even without the availability of observed hydrological data and detailed information about the process of urbanization in the study area, it is possible, through the application of the presented methodology, to develop scenarios for analyzing the urban zone expansion and quantification of hydrological impact, in order to minimize the identified problem.
9

Otimização para controle de alagamentos urbanos : aplicação na bacia hidrográfica da vila Santa Isabel em Viamão, RS

Hüffner, Anelise Nardi January 2013 (has links)
O crescimento rápido e descontrolado da urbanização, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, vem provocando impactos significativos tanto no meio ambiente quanto para a própria população. A existência de áreas altamente impermeabilizadas traz como consequência o aumento do volume escoado superficialmente, causando aumento nas vazões máximas de até seis vezes a vazão de pré-urbanização. Surge, então, a necessidade de alternativas que solucionem ou reduzem os problemas relacionados ao aumento do volume escoado, não somente que os transfira para outro local. Neste sentido, pode-se aplicar as Melhores Práticas de Gestão (Best Management Practices – BMPs), medidas que servem no gerenciamento das águas pluviais em áreas urbanas, destacando-se os reservatórios de detenção. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um método para avaliar a minimização do impacto hidrológico de uma bacia urbanizada para que ela se comporte de maneira hidrologicamente semelhante às condições de pré-urbanização, analisando os custos de implantação de bacias de detenção para evitar alagamentos à jusante. Para isso, fez-se uso de simulação hidrológica com modelo IPHS1 para determinação dos hidrogramas de saída dos afluentes da bacia estudada. O dimensionamento dos reservatórios foi realizado com a aplicação do método da curvaenvelope e a escolha dos melhores locais para implantação deu-se a partir da análise dos hidrogramas. Com isso, ajustaram-se funções do tipo Qp=f(V). Estas funções foram utilizadas no modelo de otimização não-linear, considerando-se diferentes restrições de custo. A área de estudo corresponde à bacia hidrográfica Mãe D’água, de 3,39 km², localizada na Vila Santa Isabel no município de Viamão/RS. Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação de uma técnica de otimização associada a um modelo hidrológico mostrou-se útil na avaliação dos custos de projetos de controle do escoamento pluvial (bacias de detenção) urbano para a bacia estudada, podendo servir como material de consulta para o Poder Público e Privado. Além disso, mesmo sem disponibilidade de dados hidrológicos observados e informações mais detalhadas acerca do processo de urbanização da área de estudo, é possível, através da aplicação da metodologia apresentada, desenvolver cenários para análise do aumento da zona urbana e quantificação do impacto hidrológico, para que assim o problema identificado seja minimizado. / The rapid and uncontrolled urbanization, especially in developing countries, has led to significant impacts on both the environment and people themselves. The existence of highly impermeable areas brings as consequence the increase in surface runoff volume, causing an increase in peak flows up to six times the pre-urbanization flow. This requires thus, the need of alternatives to solve or reduce the problems related to the increased volume disposed, and not only transferring it to another location. In this context, the Best Management Practices (BMPs) can be implemented, which are measures for managing storm water in urban areas as, for example, the detention reservoirs. Thus, this work aims to develop a method to evaluate the hydrological impact minimization of an urbanized basin, so that it can behave hydrologically similar to pre-urbanization conditions, analyzing deployment costs of detention basins to prevent flooding downstream. Hence, a hydrologic simulation model with IPHS1 has been used to determine the studied basin tributaries output hydrographs. The reservoirs sizing was evaluated with the application of the Envelope-Curve Method and the choice of the best localizations for their implantation was done by analyzing the hydrographs. Therefore, functions as Qp=f (V) were fitted. These functions were used in the nonlinear optimization model considering different costs constraints. The study area represents the Mãe D’água watershed, with 3,39 km², located at Vila Santa Isabel in Viamão/RS. The results showed that the application of an optimization technique associated with a hydrological model has proven to be useful in storm water runoff control projects costs evaluation (detention basins) for the urban study area and may serve as reference material for Government and Private institutions. Moreover, even without the availability of observed hydrological data and detailed information about the process of urbanization in the study area, it is possible, through the application of the presented methodology, to develop scenarios for analyzing the urban zone expansion and quantification of hydrological impact, in order to minimize the identified problem.

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