Bence Nanay holds, that attention which is focused on one object, and distributed acrossits properties, gives rise to disinterestedness in phenomenal experience, and it therefore is involved in the occurence of the most paradigmatic kind of aesthetic experience.It is for this reason, that Nanay defines this sort of attention as "aesthetic attention". In this thesis, I point out, that Nanay's doctrine does justice to facts and phenomena,and that it succeeds in specifiying one of the necessary conditions, of what he takes as the "paradigmatic kind" of aesthetic experience. Nevertheless, as I go on to argue, Nanay fails to account for dissinterestedness' being insufficient for aesthetic experience, and avoids to ask the question we have been longing to ask, namely whether there is such a thing, as attention which is both necessary and sufficient for aesthetic experience. I, thereafter, provide an answer to this question, according to which aesthetic attention is, essencially, attention which is focused on non-derivative value, in an aesthetic context. In the remaining of the text, I make use of Gestalt theory, and thus explore the relationship between the kind of attention Nanay conceived of as "aesthetic attention", and the kind I define as such.

La douleur est désagréable. Étant donné que la douleur est l'exemple paradigmatique d'une expérience désagréable, mon but est de clarifier ce qui caractérise la douleur et le caractère désagréable. J’essaie notamment de comprendre ce que peut signifier qu’une douleur soit désagréable et ainsi d’élucider la structure des expériences désagréables. Ce faisant, j’aborde plusieurs aspects problématiques de la relation entre la douleur et le caractère désagréable des expériences. Je fournis également une compréhension générale de ce que signifie pour une expérience non nécessairement douloureuse d’être désagréable. Cette thèse s’organise en sept chapitres correspondant à trois problématiques principales : i) qu’est-ce qui constitue le caractère désagréable de la douleur ? (Chapitres 1 & 2), ii) comment rendre compte de la grande diversité phénoménale du caractère désagréable des expériences ? (Chapitres 3 & 4), et iii) dans quels cas la douleur n’est-elle pas désagréable ? (Chapitres 5 & 6). Dans le dernier chapitre (Chapitre 7), j'offre une réponse générale aux trois problématiques principales en proposant ma propre théorie sur le caractère désagréable de la douleur. D’après cette théorie, une expérience désagréable est une expérience ressentie, le caractère désagréable est défini comme une propriété phénoménale des états mentaux, et cette propriété doit être comprise en utilisant la distinction déterminable-déterminant. Mon travail fournit ainsi une compréhension détaillée de la nature de la douleur et du caractère désagréable. / Pain is unpleasant. Given that pain is the paradigmatic example of an unpleasant experience, I aim to shed light on what pain and unpleasantness are by trying to understand what it means for a pain to be unpleasant, what the structure of unpleasantness is, and by tackling several problematic aspects of the relation between pain and unpleasantness. By doing this, I will also provide a general account of what it means for an experience that might not be a pain to be unpleasant.The thesis is organised into seven chapters and divided by three main themes: i) what the unpleasantness of pain consists in, ii) how we can account for the great phenomenal diversity among experiences of unpleasantness, and iii) which cases suggest that there could be pains that are not unpleasant. Broadly, the first two chapters deal with the first theme, the third and fourth chapter with the second theme, and the fifth and sixth chapter focus on the third theme. In the final chapter I offer a conclusion of the three main themes by providing my own view on the unpleasantness of pain. According to this account, an unpleasant experience is something felt, it is a phenomenal property of mental states, and this property should be understood using the determinable-determinate distinction. By doing all of this, this thesis will provide a detailed understanding of the nature of pain and unpleasantness.