Introdução: A incidência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) vem aumentando em todo o mundo. Estudos comprovam que o consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV) reduzem a incidência de DCNT na população Objetivo: Avaliar os determinantes do consumo de FLV em adultos residentes no município de São Paulo Metodologia: É um estudo transversal, abrangendo 1267 mulheres e 855 homens, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. A análise de regressão linear foi baseada no modelo hierárquico de fatores associados ao consumo de FLV. As variáveis foram agrupadas em categorias hierárquicas, abrangendo dos fatores distais aos proximais. Essas categorias foram, nessa ordem, sócio-demográfica, comportamental e de consumo alimentar. Resultados: Para ambos os sexos, verificou-se que as seguintes variáveis estavam diretamente associadas ao consumo de FLV: idade e anos de estudo, na categoria sócio-demográfica; prática de atividade física no lazer e ter feito dieta no último ano, na categoria comportamental e consumo de peixe na categoria de consumo alimentar. A densidade domiciliar mostrou-se inversamente associada ao consumo de FLV em ambos os sexos. Somente para as mulheres ser ou já ter sido casada foi diretamente associado ao consumo de FLV e ser fumante mostrou-se inversamente associado. O consumo de alimentos que indicam um padrão de consumo não saudável como açúcares e carne vermelha com gordura mostrou-se inversamente associado ao consumo de FLV em ambos os sexos. Conclusão: O consumo de FLV e seus determinantes são diferentes para homens e mulheres, sendo a maior freqüência de consumo ocorre no sexo feminino. / The burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) increases in the whole world. Studies prove that consumption do fruits and vegetables (FV) reduce the incidence of NTCD in the population. The present study aims to evaluate by telephones interviews the determinants of Fruit and vegetable's intake in adults living in São Paulo City. This is a cross-sectional study, ranging over 1267 women and 855 men, aged 18 years old or more. Multiple linear regression analysis was based on a hierarchical model of factors associated with FV intake. The variables were grouped into a hierarchy of categories, ranging from distal determinants to proximate ones. These categories included, in this order, socio-demographic, behavioral and food consumption. For both gender, we found that the following variables were directly associated with FV intake: age and years of study, in the socio-demographic category, physical activity in leisure time and have been on a diet in the last year, in the behavioral category and fish consumption in the nutritional category. The domiciliary density was inversely associated with FLV consumption for both genders. Only for women marital status was directly associated with FV intake and tobacco use were inversely associated. The dietary intake of food that indicates an unhealthy diet, like sugar and read meat with fat were inversely associated with FV intake for both gender. Consumption of FV and their determinants are different for man and women and the major consumption occurs with women.

Introdução: A incidência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) vem aumentando em todo o mundo. Estudos comprovam que o consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV) reduzem a incidência de DCNT na população Objetivo: Avaliar os determinantes do consumo de FLV em adultos residentes no município de São Paulo Metodologia: É um estudo transversal, abrangendo 1267 mulheres e 855 homens, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. A análise de regressão linear foi baseada no modelo hierárquico de fatores associados ao consumo de FLV. As variáveis foram agrupadas em categorias hierárquicas, abrangendo dos fatores distais aos proximais. Essas categorias foram, nessa ordem, sócio-demográfica, comportamental e de consumo alimentar. Resultados: Para ambos os sexos, verificou-se que as seguintes variáveis estavam diretamente associadas ao consumo de FLV: idade e anos de estudo, na categoria sócio-demográfica; prática de atividade física no lazer e ter feito dieta no último ano, na categoria comportamental e consumo de peixe na categoria de consumo alimentar. A densidade domiciliar mostrou-se inversamente associada ao consumo de FLV em ambos os sexos. Somente para as mulheres ser ou já ter sido casada foi diretamente associado ao consumo de FLV e ser fumante mostrou-se inversamente associado. O consumo de alimentos que indicam um padrão de consumo não saudável como açúcares e carne vermelha com gordura mostrou-se inversamente associado ao consumo de FLV em ambos os sexos. Conclusão: O consumo de FLV e seus determinantes são diferentes para homens e mulheres, sendo a maior freqüência de consumo ocorre no sexo feminino. / The burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) increases in the whole world. Studies prove that consumption do fruits and vegetables (FV) reduce the incidence of NTCD in the population. The present study aims to evaluate by telephones interviews the determinants of Fruit and vegetable's intake in adults living in São Paulo City. This is a cross-sectional study, ranging over 1267 women and 855 men, aged 18 years old or more. Multiple linear regression analysis was based on a hierarchical model of factors associated with FV intake. The variables were grouped into a hierarchy of categories, ranging from distal determinants to proximate ones. These categories included, in this order, socio-demographic, behavioral and food consumption. For both gender, we found that the following variables were directly associated with FV intake: age and years of study, in the socio-demographic category, physical activity in leisure time and have been on a diet in the last year, in the behavioral category and fish consumption in the nutritional category. The domiciliary density was inversely associated with FLV consumption for both genders. Only for women marital status was directly associated with FV intake and tobacco use were inversely associated. The dietary intake of food that indicates an unhealthy diet, like sugar and read meat with fat were inversely associated with FV intake for both gender. Consumption of FV and their determinants are different for man and women and the major consumption occurs with women.

La situation d’insécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle récurrente dont souffrent environ 155 millions d’enfants dans le monde dont 59 millions en Afrique et particulièrement ceux du Sahel et de la Corne de l’Afrique, constitue un problème majeur de santé publique, de développement et de conscience collective mondiale dans ce nouveau contexte de globalisation de la prospérité, des droits de survie, d’éducation et de protection des enfants.La malnutrition des enfants de moins de cinq ans caractérisée par le rachitisme, l’insuffisance pondérale ou l’émaciation, augmente leurs risques de décès, handicape le développement psycho moteur de même que leurs réussites scolaires et professionnelles et impacte négativement le développement économique des pays entrainant un cercle vicieux de pauvreté familiale et sociétale et d’émigrations.Parmi les pays les plus touchés par la malnutrition des enfants, les cinq pays ayant fait l’objet de cette thèse (le Burkina Faso, le Niger, le Sénégal, l’Ethiopie et le Ghana), sont fragilisés à des degrés variés, par un environnement climatique et géo-écologique austère, une instabilité du régime politique, un faible développement économique et social ainsi qu’une gouvernance nutritionnelle déficiente causée par le déficit d’engagements politiques, législatifs et financiers réels et les faiblesses des capacités institutionnelles.En plus de l’insécurité alimentaire, les enfants et leurs familles sont confrontées au manque de disponibilité et d’infrastructures sociales et de santé communautaires, à la pauvreté du ménage, au statut social précaire, au fardeau démographique, aux inégalités de genre entre hommes et femmes, aux contraintes de normes sociales, culturelles et de croyances traditionnelles, à l’ignorance qui entretiennent des pratiques comportementales inappropriées d’alimentation et de nutrition des enfants ainsi que l’environnement insalubre vecteur de maladies.Le réveil politique, l’investissement multi sectoriel et l’éducation de masse en faveur de la nutrition des enfants sont requis pour l’atteinte des engagements mondiaux pour 2030 visant le développement, la prospérité pour tous, l’élimination de la faim et de la malnutrition. / Continuous food and nutrition insecurity that affect lives of 155 millions of children in the world including about 59 million in African countries mostly in the Sahel and horn of Africa represent a critical public health and underdevelopment problem which creates a deep worldwide collective moral issue within the new global transformative agenda for the universal prosperity (no one is left behind) and child rights for survival, development and protection.Under five child malnutrition characterized by stunting, underweight or wasting increase the risk of child morbidity and mortality, handicap readiness of learning and professional skills and impact on economic development of the country resulting to a vicious circle of poverty and fragility of the family and causing international migrations.Four countries mostly affected by child malnutrition in the Sahel and horn of Africa that we have selected for this study (Burkina Faso, Niger, Senegal and Ethiopia) in comparison to Ghana are facing the severity of climatic and geo-ecologic environment, political instability, weak economic and social development and the gap of nutritional governance undermined by the lack of political, legal and financial commitments of Government and the limited institutional capacities to combat strongly undernutrition.In addition to food insecurity, malnourished children and their families are confronted to bottlenecks of supply and demand of access and use of community based basic social services, to the household poverty, the poor family social status, to demographic burden, gender based inequality, heavy social norms, traditional cultural and believes and ignorance of malnutrition which cause inadequate behavioral practices of child feeding and nutrition, child health care including unsafety water & sanitation conditions that facilitate diseases & malnutrition.Strengthening effective political engagement, accountable governance and massive financial investment for multi sector integrated interventions, promoting social protections systems and massive community based social and behavior changes in favor of child and mother nutrition are required for achieving SDG of “no one left behind prosperity, ending hunger, malnutrition… by 2030” and achieving child rights.