No description available.

Graduation date: 1991

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the deuterium oxide content of various samples of water by a precise and sensitive method based upon the compressibility of water. These samples were gathered from as many different locations as were deemed necessary.

M.W.P. Strandberg. / "September 25, 1948." / Includes bibliographical footnotes. / Army Signal Corps Contract No. W-36-039-sc-32037 Project No. 102B. Dept. of the Army Project No. 3-99-10-022.

The primary objectives of the study were to compare 2 body fat (%, BF) prediction methods for stock-type horses by rump fat thickness (RFT) and D2O dilution with actual tissue fat analysis by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and to identify the relationships among BF, BCS, and physical measurements. Secondary objectives were to determine the fatty acid (FA) composition of mesenteric (MS), cardiac (CD), subcutaneous (SC), intermuscular (IM), and leaf fat (LF) and to identify relationships between of FA composition and BCS in horses. Results indicated that D2O dilution is an accurate predictor of BF, and RFT alone does not accurately predict BF. Additionally, BCS may be useful in predicting BF when used with other physical measurements. The effects of BCS and fat depot on FA composition were independent of each other. The more influential factor in FA composition of adipose tissues was fat depot as opposed to BCS.

An environmentally friendly, and contamination free process for etching and cleaning semiconductors is critical to future of the IC industry. Under the right conditions, water has the ability to meet these requirements. Water becomes more reactive as a function of temperature in part because the number of hydronium and hydroxyl ions increase. As water approaches its boiling point, the concentration of these species increases over seven times their concentrations at room temperature. At 150 °C, when the liquid state is maintained, these concentrations increase 15 times over room temperature. Due to its enhanced reactivity, high temperature water (HTW) has been studied as an etch and clean of thermally grown SiO2, Si3N4, and low-k films. High temperature deuterium oxide (HT-D2O) behaves similarly to HTW; however, it dissociates an order of magnitude less than HTW resulting in an equivalent reduction in reactive species. This allowed for the effects of reactive specie concentration on etch rate to be studied, providing valuable insight into how HTW compares to other high temperature wet etching processes such as hot phosphoric acid (HPA). Characterization was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine chemical changes due to etching, spectroscopic ellipsometry to determine film thickness, profilometry to measure thickness change across the samples, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle to measure changes in wetting behavior, and UV-Vis spectroscopy to measure dissolved silica in post etch water. HTW has demonstrated the ability to effective etch both SiO2 and Si3N4, HT-D2O also showed similar etch rates of Si3N4 indicating that a threshold reactive specie concentration is needed to maximize etch rate at a given temperature and additional reactive species do not further increase the etch rate. Because HTW has no hazardous byproducts, high temperature water could become a more environmentally friendly etchant of SiO2 and Si3N4 thin films.

O nematoide de vida livre Panagrolaimus superbus é uma espécie anidrobiótica, ou seja, possui a capacidade de sobreviver ao estresse hídrico extremo adentrando no estado de anidrobiose. Durante tal estado adquiri tolerância a extremos de temperatura (~0 K a +151 °C), pressões hidrostáticas (1,2 GPa) e radiação ionizante. Entretanto, não se sabe qual a tolerância a água deuterada, molécula que possui dois átomos de deutério (isótopo estável e natural do hidrogênio) ao invés do hidrogênio, que em altas concentrações afeta negativamente sistemas biológicos. Além disso, uma vez que o processo de anidrobiose depende do movimento de moléculas de água pela membrana plasmática da célula, não se sabe se os canais responsáveis por este transporte, as aquaporinas, de espécies anidrobióticas possuem alguma particularidade na sua estrutura. Em vista disso, o objetivo deste trabalho visa investigar se em concentrações de 10%, 40% e 99,9% D2O, tanto de modo crônico quanto agudo, P. superbus tem sua viabilidade, crescimento populacional e desenvolvimento alterados. Além disso, a comparação in silico da sequência de aminoácidos (estrutura primária) entre aquaporinas de espécies anidrobióticas e não anidrobióticas, com ênfase nas sequências genéticas de P. superbus foi feita. Os resultados encontrados demonstram a alta tolerância de P. superbus a concentrações relativamente elevadas de D2O, não tendo sua viabilidade e desenvolvimento alterados em nenhum cenário, mesmo com uma troca total, homogênea e instantânea de sua matriz aquosa. Efeitos negativos foram encontrados apenas no crescimento populacional após exposição 10%, 40% e 99,9% D2O, contudo não o inviabilizaram. Ademais, não foram encontradas grandes diferenças entre as sequências primárias de aquaporinas de anidrobiotos e não anidrobiotos, sugerindo que estes canais de água não divergem em estrutura terciária entre tais grupos. Dos dois ESTs encontrados em P. superbus (números de acesso no NCBI: GW411914.1 e GW408200.1) o primeiro deles é o provável representante do gene da aquaporina na espécie, enquanto que o segundo aparenta ser um transcrito não codificante de proteínas. / The free-living nematode Panagrolaimus superbus is an anhydrobiotic species, it means that this species has the capacity to survive extreme water stress entering into the state of anhydrobiosis. During such a state, it acquires tolerance to extremes of temperature (~ 0 K to +151 °C), hydrostatic pressures (1.2 GPa) and ionizing radiation. However, the tolerance to deuterium oxide is poorly investigated. This molecule has two atoms of deuterium (natural and stable isotope of hydrogen) rather than hydrogen and in high concentrations negatively affects biological systems. Furthermore, since the process of anhydrobiosis depends on the movement of water molecules across the cell membrane, it is unclear whether the channels responsible for this transport, aquaporins, of anhydrobiotic species have some particularity in their structures. In view of this, the work aims to investigate whether P. superbus has its viability, population growth and development altered at concentrations of 10%, 40% and 99.9% D2O in chronic and acute expositions. In addition, the in silico analyses of amino acid sequence (primary structure) of aquaporins between anhydrobiotic and non-anhydrobiotic species, with emphasis at the P. superbus genetic sequences, were performed. The results demonstrated the high tolerance of P. superbus at high concentrations of D2O, their viability and development did not change in any scenario, even with a total, homogeneous and instantaneous exchange of their aqueous milieu. Negative effects were found only on population growth after exposure to 10%, 40% and 99.9% D2O, although not hindering the procedure. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between the primary aquaporin sequences of anhydrobiotic and non-anhydrobiotic species, suggesting that these water channels do not differ in tertiary structure between such groups. Two ESTs found in P. superbus, (NCBI access numbers: GW411914.1 and GW408200.1): the first likely corresponds to the aquaporin gene in the species, while the second appears to be a noncoding transcript.