Lag om exploateringssamverkan (ESL) trädde i kraft 1987 och syftet med lagen är bland annat att fastighetsägare i samråd med kommunen ska ha möjlighet att iordningsställa mark och anläggningar för exploatering vid lantmäteriförrättning (Boverket, 2009). Exploateringssamverkan är en användbar metod när behov finns av samverkan i områden med splittrad fastighetsindelning (Proposition 1985/86:2). Vid splittrad fastighetsindelning kan exploateringssamverkan göra det lättare för fastighetsägarna och kommunen att utforma och genomföra en detaljplan utan att vara bundna till fastighetsgränser. Lagstiftningen upplevs komplicerad vilket troligen är en anledning till att ESL endast har använts i fåtalet fall enligt Plan- och byggutredningen (SOU, 2005).    Syftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka processen med exploateringssamverkan och dess möjligheter och begränsningar. Tillämpningen av ESL inom förrättningsförfarandet och kommunikationen mellan de olika aktörerna i exploateringssamverkan har studerats. De metoder som har använts i arbetet är litteraturstudie, fallstudier och intervjuer.   De möjligheter som exploateringssamverkan ger enskilda fastighetsägare är att genomföra exploatering tillsammans med andra fastighetsägare och att exploateringssamverkan kan ske oberoende av fastighetsgränser. Det är nödvändigt att fastighetsägarna har goda kunskaper i planprocessen och är intresserade och driver exploateringen framåt. Begränsningarna är att tvångsinlösen kan ske trots att fastighetsägare inte deltar i exploateringssamverkan. Genomförandet upplevs invecklat och troligen känner fastighetsägarna inte till möjligheten med exploateringssamverkan.   I Sverige finns det stor tillgång av mark för bebyggelse som har låga markvärden men oavsett var det byggs kommer exploateringskostnaderna att vara höga. Den rättvisa fördelning av byggrätter i exploateringssamverkan som i sig är positiv räcker antagligen inte som motiv för delaktighet om det inte finns värdefull mark i området. Det är mer attraktivt med exploateringssamverkan i områden med höga markvärden där exploateringsbehovet och den potentiella vinsten är stora. / The Act on development cooperation (ESL) came into force in 1987 and the purpose of the Act is to provide a tool allowing property owners in consultation with the municipality to consolidate land parcels and provide infrastructure for development, as part of the cadastral survey process (Boverket, 2009). Development cooperation is a useful method when there is a need of collaboration in areas with fragmented real estate (Proposition 1985/86: 2). In areas of fragmented real estate development cooperation can make it easier for property owners and municipalities to design and implement a detailed plan without being tied to property boundaries. The perceived complexity of the legislation is probably one reason why ESL has been applied in only a handful cases, according to the Planning and Building review (SOU, 2005).   The purpose has been to examine the process of development cooperation and its potential and limitations. Furthermore, the application of ESL in the survey process and communication between the various actors in development cooperation was studied. The methods used in the work are literature review, case studies and interviews.   The potential offered to individual property owners in development cooperation was to implement development with other property owners and development cooperation can take place regardless of property boundaries. It is essential that property owners have a good knowledge of the planning process and are interested in development to drive the project forward. The restrictions were that compulsory acquisition can be done despite the fact that property owners do not participate in development cooperation. Implementation perceived complexity and probably do not the property owners know the possibility of development cooperation.   InSweden, land parcels for development are widely available and as a result land values are low, but regardless of location development costs are high. Although a positive factor in itself, the equitable distribution of development rights becomes less of a deciding factor in the absence of valuable land in the area. It is more attractive with development cooperation in areas with high land values where development needs and the potential gain is large.

Yes / Indian interaction with the global South is at a crossroads. For a long time wedded to Nehruvian values of South-South cooperation, there are now considerable claims that economics underpins interactions. This article looks at current Indian ‘development cooperation’ in Ghana and, crucially, also asks what form Ghanaian responses take. The article concludes that while the rhetoric and ideas behind South-South cooperation are toned down, there are still ideas: Indian ‘development cooperation’ is partly ideologically and normatively informed, is not simply national interests, and has effects; whilst being extremely broad in content and significantly adding to global re-conceptualisations of development assistance.

Thesis (M.A.)--Saint Mary's University, 2008. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-136).

The last half century, there has been a global pressure on increased measuring and presenting of results in the public sector. One of the sectors where the pressure and calls for Results-based management (RBM) has been, and currently is, strong both in Sweden and internationally is within international development cooperation. But, to prove the effectiveness of development cooperation is not a simple task, and hence, the steering signals regarding the management model has been met with some criticism. However, although scholars argue that there have been several waves of pressure for RBM since the early 1970s, the massive amount of criticism seems to have been mainly aimed towards the latest push, in the 2000s. Why is that? This thesis take that question as an analytical starting point, but will not make any causal claims. Instead, it will take on a descriptive design, with an aim to identify any differences between RBM in Swedish development cooperation during the first and the latest push for increased focus on results. The main research question for the thesis is; In what way has the introduction of RBM in Swedish development cooperation been visible over time? The question will be analysed through text analyses to describe both the vision of RBM, as well as the evaluations of Swedish development cooperation during the two pushes for RBM. The study identifies differences on both levels, mostly regarding the aim of the model regarding whom the information is for, as well as significant differences in the ways evaluations have been conducted.

MURP / Department of Urban and Regional Planning / Current studies reveal that adjacent municipalities can achieve more if they plan and share resources collaboratively. The study assessed the impact of trans-border spatial development cooperation with respect to a twinning agreement signed between the Musina local municipality, South Africa, and the Beitbridge Rural District Council, Zimbabwe in October 2004. It unpacks to the extent to which the twinning agreement objectives were achieved in terms of spatial development. The assessment revolved around six specific objectives using a trans- border twinning performance evaluation survey approach. The assessment of the implementation of the agreement focused on desirable outcomes, inputs in terms of resources, the implementation process involved in terms of effectiveness and efficiency, outputs in terms of targets achieved, impact with respect to where they are now, who needs to do what and when and whether the planning and implementation process was effective. Research questions were investigated using 14 key informant interviews, 347 questionnaires and direct field observations with the aid of an impact evaluation survey approach. The study showed that the challenges faced in municipal twinning agreements range from institutional, structural to financial. It was evident that the Musina-Beitbridge twinning agreement did not have a concrete implementation plan from 2004 to 2016. The spatial planning goals indicated in the twinning document were not achieved. The Joint coordination meetings were no longer being conducted, benchmarking exercises were not conducted, the goals were not time-bound, there was no standalone budget, no central secretariat and lastly, the majority of the local residents were not aware of the twinning’s existence. The study recommended a strategic trans-border implementation framework which addresses initial planning provisions, resource allocation, stakeholder participation and ensuring that targets are achieved as well as mitigating risks.

No

The main goal of the Fair Trade movemement is poverty reduction based on equal trade partnership. The alternative trade methods appeared as a reaction on the market failure and increasing consumer interest in working conditions in developing countries. Nowadays the sales and awareness of the population are significantly increasing and new markets are emerging the region of Central and Eastern Europe. In Czech republic the most significant position have coffee, cocoa and tea. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the potencial of Fair Trade products on the Czech market based on comparison with the development in Austria, Germany and Great Britain and describe trends which might be expected in this segment.

<p>In international development cooperation of today there is a great multitude of NGOs in Developing countries that are financed by Western donors. Facing criticism of imperialism and lack of local anchorage the concept of partnership has been introduced which is based on mutual cooperation where the local partner is the one responsible to define problems and implement the work. The Swedish International Development Agency - Sida has practised partnership for over ten years. This study looks at the perception and function of this policy from Swedish organizations point of view by interviewing representatives from four organisations working under Sida cooperating with foreign partners. Findings reveals a great difference between aim and reality where the equality partnership refers to is absent. The main obstacles were to create an open dialogue and that Sida turn down applications based on local needs as they don’t fit their current trends. Power-inequalities created by economic resources cannot be ignored and the traditional roles of donor and receiver with a paternalistic undertone persists. The partnership approach needs to be reconsidered in terms of definition and extent if it is to be realistic and beneficial for both parts.</p>

In den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten hieß es, es gebe keine Entwicklung ohne Frieden. Daraus wurde abgeleitet, man müsse Soldaten nach Afghanistan schicken, um Entwicklungsperspektiven zu sichern. Dies wurde sodann abgewandelt: "Ohne Sicherheit keine Entwicklung". Mit dem Scheitern der Intervention im Land der Afghanen wurde daraus: "Ohne Entwicklung keine Sicherheit". Dies hat Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit: Frieden als Ziel ist verschwunden, sie wird zur Funktion der "Sicherheit Deutschlands", die am Hindukusch verteidigt werden soll. Dafür wird passendes Personal gesucht.

In international development cooperation of today there is a great multitude of NGOs in Developing countries that are financed by Western donors. Facing criticism of imperialism and lack of local anchorage the concept of partnership has been introduced which is based on mutual cooperation where the local partner is the one responsible to define problems and implement the work. The Swedish International Development Agency - Sida has practised partnership for over ten years. This study looks at the perception and function of this policy from Swedish organizations point of view by interviewing representatives from four organisations working under Sida cooperating with foreign partners. Findings reveals a great difference between aim and reality where the equality partnership refers to is absent. The main obstacles were to create an open dialogue and that Sida turn down applications based on local needs as they don’t fit their current trends. Power-inequalities created by economic resources cannot be ignored and the traditional roles of donor and receiver with a paternalistic undertone persists. The partnership approach needs to be reconsidered in terms of definition and extent if it is to be realistic and beneficial for both parts.