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The manor of Epworth in the Isle of Axholme experienced protracted resistance to drainage and enclosure schemes in the seventeenth century. The thesis places the disputes in the context of the wider social and economic development of the manor during the period, while also comparing the experiences of the manor's member parishes. The history of the drainage is outlined in the introduction. Chapter one surveys the economy and demographic history of the manor, concluding that the wealth of local resources and flexible agrarian system protected the manor from subsistence crises. In chapter two, wills, church court records and parish registers are used to investigate marriage and the role of family, neighbours and kin in forming and sustaining households. The third chapter makes use of wills to examine inheritance strategies as a means of providing for the perpetuation of viable households. Inheritance patterns varied with wealth and proved an important mechanism for social mobility in the manor. Chapter four shows how the flexibility of the manor's economy and inheritance strategies allowed social mobility, resulting in growing social differentiation and some differences between parishes. The fifth chapter explores the religious history of the manor via the church court records, noting the different experiences and reactions to religious change in each parish and revealing something of the unity or divisions among their leading groups. Chapter six details the course of the drainage disputes in the context of changing patterns of social relations within the manor. The conclusion discusses the concentric, intersecting and overlapping communities of the manor, within which the drainage disputes produced their own shifting alliances and loyalties, impinging on other solidarities and cleavages and contributing to the diverging experiences of the manor during the century.

Research is increasingly acknowledging the pivotal role of national human resource development (NHRD) in economic development. There is a growing call to conduct research in country-specific contexts to further explore this concept and the factors that influence its outcomes. The concept differs from one country to another; therefore, many HRD studies focus on one country. However, few have focused on the Middle East region, and there has been even less research on Oman. The aim here is to fill this research gap by analysing Oman’s HRD practices. Specifically, the intent is to identify the gap in skillsets in Oman and to develop an NHRD model that is appropriate for the country’s economic requirements for national skills development.

Cette thèse porte sur la méthode expérimentale utilisée par les chercheurs du J-PAL en économie du développement. La volonté de ces chercheurs est double: (1) produire des preuves d'efficacité des programmes de développement, (2) afin de guider la décision politique. L'objectif de la thèse est de mener une analyse épistémologique de l'approche du J-PAL. Cette analyse s'offre d'étudier une double dimension: une dimension méthodologique et une dimension théorique. La dimension méthodologique vise à interroger la méthode utilisée par le J-PAL: la randomisation. Deux principales questions guident cette analyse méthodologique: (1) la nature de go/d standard méthodologique de la randomisation, (2) et la possible transposition des résultats obtenus par le J-PAL dans la sphère politique. La seconde dimension (théorique) questionne l'apport du J-PAL aux débats théoriques qui ont traversé l'économie du développement ces dix dernières années. S'intéresser à ces deux dimensions permet d'examiner l'approche du J-PAL dans son ensemble. La thèse montre alors que cette approche offre des résultats dont la validité interne est importante mais dont la validité externe est faible, rendant difficile l'utilisation de tels résultats dans la sphère politique. Cette tension entre la validité interne et la validité externe montre l'antagonisme des deux objectifs que se fixe le J-PAL et définit un problème épistémologique: le refus de théorie ainsi que l'absence de mise en évidence des mécanismes qui sous-tendent les résultats obtenus par le J-P AL empêche ce dernier de produire des recommandations politiques claires. / This thesis focuses on the experimental approach used by J-PAL's researchers in development economics. The goal of these researchers is twofold: (1) producing evidence concerning the efficiency of development programs, (2) in order to guide policy decisions. The aim of this thesis is to conduct an epistemological analysis of the J-PAL's approach. This analysis studies two dimensions: a methodological one and a theoretical one. The methodological dimension aims to question the method used by the J-PAL: randomization. Two main questions guide this methodological analysis: (1) randomization's methodological status of «gold standard », (2) and the possibility to transpose the results obtained by the J-P AL in the political area. The second, theoretical, dimension questions the J-PAL's contributions to the (theoretical) debates within development economics over the past ten years. The study of these two dimensions allows an examination of the J-PAL's approach as a whole. The thesis shows that the results of this approach have a strong internal validity at the expense of a weak external validity. This makes the use of such results in the political area difficult. This tension between internal validity and external validity points out the antagonism of the J-PAL's two objectives and defines an epistemological issue: the refusal of a theory along with the lack of emphasis on the underlying mechanisms of the J-PAL's results prevents it from producing clear political recommendations.

L’objet de cette thèse est d’étudier la stratégie d’industrialisation du Vietnam, d’en déterminer les points communs et les spécificités, et d’en déduire des propositions normatives. Le premier chapitre met les stratégies d’industrialisation des pays asiatiques dans la perspective générale des modèles de rattrapage technologique, en insistant en particulier sur les cas du Japon et de la Corée,qui ont combiné une forte ouverture internationale, et un interventionnisme étatique important. Le deuxième chapitre présente la situation actuelle et l’évolution récente de l’économie vietnamienne. Il discute de son insertion dans le schéma de division du travail qui s’institue en Asie de l’Est, à partir du changement de la structure de son commerce extérieur. Les faiblesses de la politique industrielle vietnamienne et sa position défavorable dans le processus de rattrapage y sont aussi discutées. Le troisième chapitre porte sur les facteurs de compétitivité de l’économie vietnamienne, à partir d’un examen des indicateurs traditionnels de mesure de la compétitivité, et d’une enquête menée auprès d’entreprises vietnamiennes. Le quatrième chapitre évalue l’impact des Investissement directs étrangers (IDE) sur l’économie vietnamienne, en utilisant les statistiques disponibles et les résultats d’une enquête menée sur des entreprises ayant accueilli des IDE. Enfin le dernier chapitre discute de la possibilité de mise en œuvre d’une stratégie alternative de rattrapage, qui reposerait sur une participation à un modèle de production intégré, et non modulaire, et qui aboutirait à un meilleur partage des compétences et tâches avec un ou des pays à niveau technologique plus élevé. / The theme of this thesis is to study the strategy of industrialization of Vietnam, to determine its common points and specificities and to deduct normative propositions. The first chapter puts the strategies of industrialization of the Asian countries in the general prospect of technological catching up, by insisting on the cases of Japan and Korea in particular, which realize a mix of a international openness and an important state interventionism. The second chapter presents the current situation and the recent evolution of the Vietnamese economy. It discusses Vietnam’s insertion in the network ofEast Asian division of labour by studying the change in its foreign trade structure. The weaknesses of the Vietnamese industrial policy and its unfavourable position in the process of catching up are also controversial. The third chapter studies the factors of competitiveness of the Vietnamese economy from an examination of the traditional indicators of measure of the competitiveness and a survey about Vietnamese companies. The fourth chapter estimates the impact of the foreign direct investment (FDI)on the Vietnamese economy by using the available statistics and the results of a survey on companies having welcomed the FDI. Finally the last chapter discusses the possibility of implementation of analternative strategy of catching up, which would base on a participation in an integrated model of production, not modular and would end in a better division of the skills and the tasks with one orseveral countries at higher technological level.

Master´s thesis is focused on a presentation of entrepreneurial intention of business development. The strategy of business development is based on the analysis of current situation of the company and its environment. It is about a complex solution which should help to the growth of turnover, strengthen of mark of company and stabilize the market position.

secret emigration in 1940' and reasons that later let to the mass emigration in The fifth chapter describes the emigrant's situation before they left la Gomera d emigrant's life in Venezuela. It's devided into particular sub