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Extractive Economies and Sustainable Development: An analysis of infrastructure, health and social developmentAnand, Prathivadi B. January 2014 (has links)
Yes / Extractive economies can use the natural resource dividend for
infrastructure and sustainable development. However, the reality
of achieving this is far more complex than one might expect. This
paper aims to present some fresh analysis of data of extractive
economies to answer three main questions: a. how are extractive
economies performing with regard to providing basic services
such as health, education, water and sanitation; b. are there
patterns of success; and c. what are the implications for policy
and action especially in the context of the proposed sustainable
development goals. The first issue of course is to define the
category extractive economy. Using a new methodology, this
paper focuses on the top 40 oil economies, top 41 gas economies
and 56 mineral economies. Because some countries do have all
three or two of these three natural resources, the overall dataset
is of 91 countries covering both developed and developing
economies and in all continents. Data pertaining to years 2002 to
2012 is analysed here. While some results are perhaps as may be
expected, there are several disturbing findings as well. Extractive
economies are among some of the poorly performing countries
on indicators highly relevant to prosed SDGs on poverty, health,
water and sanitation, and energy. This highlights the need for a
strategic focus and developing appropriate mechanisms to use
the natural resource dividend to make lasting transformation of
social and economic well-being.
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An exploration into the Neighborhood Level Community Development Projects /Wong, Chack-kie. January 1981 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1981.
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Economic freedom and social capital determinants on economic growth of developed and developing nationsChakrabarti, Debjani, January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.
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The attitudes of social workers towards implementing developmental social workSambo, Busisiwe 04 September 2012 (has links)
M.A. / A new welfare policy which introduced the developmental approach in the welfare system was implemented during 1997 in South Africa. The developmental approach encourages the introduction of social programs that contribute directly to economic development in the communities. Developmental social welfare implies a variety of role players in a system of social services which focus on social development. Social workers happen to be one of them. A developmental social welfare policy implies that social work should shift focus of attention to strategies that would contribute to social development. The extent of basic development needs in our country demands that social workers should clearly define their roles and outputs at this point in time so as to address these needs and outline their distinctive professional contribution in a social welfare system within socio-economic development. The focus of this people-driven, people-centred approach is on developing human capacity and self-reliance within an enabling environment. The community development process has a major contribution to make in realizing this objective. For community development to take place, people need to act collectively. People need to be organized in the community so that they can be able to function as a unit. Through community development, social workers unleash people's collective potential, build their capacity and help them to organize themselves around common concerns. However, social workers need to recognize the role played by economic factors in development initiatives. Realizing that the new developmental approach was just been introduced to social workers, this study seeks to explore and describe the attitude of social workers towards this paradigm shift.
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The association between maternal responsiveness and child social and emotional developmentBest, Lara January 2013 (has links)
Introduction. A mother’s verbal and non-verbal behaviour towards her infant is known as maternal responsiveness (MR). Positive MR is associated with better child social and emotional development (SED). A mother’s ability to accurately recognise emotions is thought to enhance MR. Method. Data from 1,122 mother-infant interactions from a longitudinal birth cohort study, was used firstly to examine whether positive MR at 12 months was associated with better child and adolescent SED, and secondly to explore whether better maternal facial and vocal expression recognition at 151 months was associated with positive MR and child SED. MR was measured using the Thorpe Interaction Measure (TIM) from observed mother-infant interactions and SED from questionnaire data adjusting for potential confounding variables. A test of facial expression recognition was used with vocal expression recognition additionally used in mothers. Results. Logistic regression revealed that positive MR was associated with positive SED outcomes in childhood but there was little effect in adolescence. Positive MR was associated with mothers having better facial and vocal expression recognition at 151 months and these recognition skills were associated with children showing less emotional problems at 158 months independent of MR. Adjustments for confounding variables had no effect on these results. Conclusion: These findings support the benefit of positive MR on a child’s SED in middle childhood. Further, the findings suggest that a mother’s facial and vocal expression recognition skills are important to both MR and a child’s SED. Limitations include subjective reporting of SED.
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Social development and women : theory and practiceNieman, A. J. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research investigates the social development approach from the
viewpoint of developing an understanding of the applicability thereof in a
social work environment in a South African context.
Based on the level of underdevelopment in the country, the social
development process, which involves a dynamic multi-disciplinary approach
with a strong emphasis on the positive outcomes of growth and
empowerment, is thought to offer a wide range of possible fields of
application.
To provide clarity and gain insight into the dimensions and elements
involved, different aspects of the South African and international scenarios
provide a background for the arguments promoting the social development
approach as a positive intervention for the helping professions.
The purpose of this research is to broaden the field of knowledge for
practitioners and organisations dealing with poverty and deprivation by
providing an extension of options in practice models.
The research report includes an investigation of the elements and concepts
associated with social development, with particular emphasis on the role of
women. Knowledge and understanding of these concepts will assist in
widening the horizons of field workers and assist in deciding on appropriate
responses when faced with the problems of South Africa and its apartheid
legacy.
Development in the South African context is examined with the focus on the
main role players, namely government and the welfare sector. Recurring
themes in development programmes that have been identified as elements for
success are described by means of case examples from good international practice models. The applicability of many of these cases should serve as
stimuli for instituting initiatives in local situations of need.
The empirical research used the qualitative method to examine, by means of
focus groups, the effects of the identified elements in five social development
projects in the Western Cape. The focus groups were conducted with the aid
of open-ended question guides. The findings and responses of the focus group
respondents were analysed and discussed in relation to findings described in
the literature by various authors.
It is believed that the findings of this research can be utilised as practical
guidelines for instituting and running social development projects by social
workers, as well as practitioners from other fields, to address the problems of
poverty and underdevelopment in the country by paying special attention to
the role of women in such projects. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing ondersoek die maatskaplike ontwikkeling benadering met
die oog daarop om 'n begrip te kry van die toepaslikheid daarvan in 'n
maatskaplike werkomgewing in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks.
Die toestand van onderontwikkeling in die land het tot gevolg dat die
maatskaplike ontwikkelingsproses, wat 'n sterk multi-dissiplinêre benadering
behels en positiewe gevolge van groei en bemagtiging beklemtoon,
waarskynlik 'n wye veld van toepassingsgeleenthede bied.
Ten einde duidelikheid en insig te kry oor die omvang van die veld en die
beginsels wat ter sprake is, word die argumente wat die maatskaplike
ontwikkeling benadering ondersteun teen die agtergrond van verskillende
aspekte van Suid-Afrikaanse en internasionale toestande bespreek.
Die doel van die navorsing is om die kennisveld van maatskaplike werk en
organisasies wat te doen het met armoede en verwaarlosing te verbreed en die
keuses van praktykmodelle uit te brei.
Die navorsingsverslag sluit 'n ondersoek in van konsepte en elemente
waarmee maatskaplike ontwikkeling geassosieer word, met die klem op die
rol van vroue. Kennis en begrip van die toepassing van hierdie konsepte sal
veldwerkers se horisonne verbreed en help met besluitneming oor gepaste
diensleweringsmodelle wanneer met die probleme van Suid-Afrika en die
gevolge van apartheid gekonfronteer word.
Ontwikkeling in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks word ondersoek met die klem
op die hoof rolspelers in die veld, nl. die regering en die welsynsektor. Herhalende temas in internasionale ontwikkelingsprogramme as elemente
van sukses is geïdentifiseer en word beskryf d.m.v. gevallestudies van
internasionale goeie praktyke.
Die toepaslikheid van baie van hierdie gevallestudies behoort as
aanmoediging te dien vir inisiatiewe op plaaslike vlak.
Vir die empiriese ondersoek, is gebruik gemaak van die kwalitatiewe metode
om, d.m.v. fokusgroepe by vyf projekte in die Wes-Kaap, die effektiwiteit van
die geïdentifiseerde elemente vir sukses te toets. Die fokusgroepe is gelei aan
die hand van 'n oop vraelys.
Die reaksies van die deelnemers aan die fokusgroep is verwerk en in die
konteks van die literatuurstudie bespreek.
Dit word aanvaar dat die bevindings van die navorsing deur maatskaplike
werkers en ander dissiplines gebruik kan word as praktiese riglyne by die
beplanning en loodsing van maatskaplike ontwikkeling projekte in die
bekamping van armoede en onderontwikkeling, met spesiale aandag aan die
rol van vroue.
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Institutional pre-conditions for sustainable development to take root in the Hong Kong SAR GovernmentShui, Lily., 水伊麗. January 2004 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Innovation for the poor : a study of Swedish micro-SMEs social innovations towards subsistence markets in East AfricaOlivensjö, Emelie, Ottosson, Johan January 2014 (has links)
Problem statement Previous studies have indicated that poverty can be reduced through selling products to the poor. Moreover, these markets contain a large potential for profit that is currently untapped. Reaching these however requires substantial innovativeness and many companies have tried and failed. Surprisingly then, little theoretical guidelines exist on how to create social innovative products for poor markets. Purpose and research question The purpose of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of social product innovation for poor markets. This is done through investigating key factors to consider for SMEs emanating from developed countries in order to create social innovative products for these markets. Methodology This paper is a qualitative research and takes an exploratory approach, and uses a cross- sectional, multiple case study methodology. This study has investigated four products emanating from Swedish micro-SMEs, sold primarily in Tanzania, Zambia and Kenya. The empirical data was collected through conducting 12 semi-structured interviews. Results and conclusion The result of this paper contributed to a deeper understanding of social product innovation in subsistence markets. Theoretical guidelines in form of a model has been developed which summarizes 19 key factors that SMEs emanating from developed countries need to consider in order to create social innovative products for subsistence markets. Out of these, three are deemed to be of particular importance, namely the need to understand the marketplace, to develop the product in a price-based costing framework, and to scale.
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Determinants of employee readiness for organisational changeShah, Naimatullah January 2009 (has links)
Organisations are continually confronting challenges to remain competitive and successful, which compels organisations to regularly re-evaluate their strategies, structures, policies, operations, processes and culture. Managing change effectively is however a main challenge in the change management domain because of massive human involvement. Thus, managers and change agents are eager to know how to encourage and effectively prepare employees for change situation. The aim of this doctoral study was to examine the determinant of employee readiness for organisational change. The objectives were to investigate employee commitment to the organisation and career and social relationships factors in public sector higher educational institutions of Pakistan where various change reforms has been introduced recently. This empirical study proceeded by a systematic review of literature that led to development of a conceptual model. The data was collected from a sample of teaching employees by using a survey questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis run on statistical package for social sciences and confirmatory factor analysis on the structural equation modelling as well as on applied analysis of moment structure to assess the model fit of the study and hypotheses testing. Results showed that independent variables (emotional attachment, feeling of pride, pay/wages/rewards, promotion, job satisfaction, job involvement and social relationships in the workplace) were positively and significantly correlated to the dependent variable (readiness for organisational change). However, two variables i.e. supervisor and peer relations, and training and skills development were not found positive and significant to the readiness for organisational change. This study has methodological limitations, as it is a cross sectional study that used a survey questionnaire only in public sector higher education sector. This study provides empirical evidence for employee readiness predictor variables for organisational change. This study may contribute to the literature on change management, particularly for Pakistan, and may assist the management, change agents and practitioners of human resources management and development, and organisational behaviour in assessing, designing and evaluating new or existing programmes for organisational change.
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Not just ticking the box : an investigation into safeguarding adults training transfer in Cornwall, UKPike, Lindsey Anne January 2012 (has links)
Safeguarding adults is a priority in adult social care, and training is one of the main ways in which policy and guidance around it is implemented. Training transfer refers to the use of new learning on the job, and while the transfer literature is well developed, it does not extend to safeguarding adults training. This research aimed to identify, develop and refine a programme theory of safeguarding adults training transfer by identifying factors that facilitate or inhibit the use of safeguarding adults training in practice, and the impact that the training has. A cross sectional mixed methods realist synthesis approach was used to evaluate two safeguarding adults training programmes provided in Cornwall, UK between 2009 and 2011. Realist synthesis aims to uncover what works, for whom, in which circumstances and how, and develops policy makers’ programme theories of interventions using evidence. A systematic review of training transfer generally, and then of health and social care transfer specifically led to a revision of the policy makers’ programme theory of training. Empirical research in the form of a factorial survey and narrative analysis of qualitative interviews was then undertaken, to further revise the programme theory to be specific to safeguarding adults training. Findings emphasise the importance of considering the effect of the training culture and transfer climate on safeguarding adults training effectiveness. Factors such as opportunity to use learning and supervisor support are important to transfer and the conflict between adult learning principles and mandatory training was explored. Safeguarding adults-specific supports were also highlighted, emphasising the importance of supporting practice using mechanisms other than training. Recommendations are provided regarding how the safeguarding related transfer climate can be improved. Limitations of the study include a high likelihood of sampling bias. The limitations of individual methods and problem of generalising findings obtained from a case study of Cornwall were reduced using the realist synthesis approach.
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